tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-20685848580248346262024-03-09T18:45:56.841-08:00Sitangang LipanYang Kuat Yang Memeliharajujurhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05687765228352366156noreply@blogger.comBlogger297125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2068584858024834626.post-48716994380715830312016-04-21T23:45:00.002-07:002019-08-21T07:47:16.564-07:00KEAMANAN<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<br />
<div class="MsoTitle">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><br /></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=48jxs_w_6rI" target="_blank">Keamanan merupakanfaktor penting yang perlu diperhatikan dalam pengoperasiansistem informasi. Keamanan dimaksudkan untuk mencegah ancaman dan gangguanterhadap sistem serta untuk mendeteksi dan memperbaiki akibat segala kerusakansistem.</a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<h1 style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l18 level1 lfo9;">
<a href="https://shopee.co.id/sepatubaruqu?smtt=0.0.9"><span lang="IN" style="mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">A.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN">ANCAMAN TERHADAP SISTEM INFORMASI</span></a></h1>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<a href="https://shopee.co.id/sepatubaruqu?smtt=0.0.9"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Secara garis
besar, ancaman terhadap sistem informasi terbagi dua :</span></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<a href="https://shopee.co.id/sepatubaruqu?smtt=0.0.9"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ancaman Aktif </span></b></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l21 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<a href="https://shopee.co.id/sepatubaruqu?smtt=0.0.9"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "wingdings"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">§<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Kejahatan terhadap komputer</span></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l21 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<a href="https://shopee.co.id/sepatubaruqu?smtt=0.0.9"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "wingdings"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">§<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Kecurangan</span></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<a href="https://shopee.co.id/sepatubaruqu?smtt=0.0.9"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ancaman Pasif</span></b></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: list .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in;">
<a href="https://shopee.co.id/sepatubaruqu?smtt=0.0.9"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "wingdings"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">§<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Kegagalan sistem</span></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: list .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in;">
<a href="https://shopee.co.id/sepatubaruqu?smtt=0.0.9"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "wingdings"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">§<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Kesalahan manusia</span></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: list .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in;">
<a href="https://shopee.co.id/sepatubaruqu?smtt=0.0.9">§ Bencana alam</a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<h3>
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Tabel 1. Ancaman terhadap sistem informasi</span></i></h3>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Macam Ancaman</span></b></h4>
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<td style="background: #E5E5E5; border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-pattern: gray-10 auto; mso-shading: windowtext; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 247.5pt;" valign="top" width="330"><h4>
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Contoh</span></b></h4>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 184.5pt;" valign="top" width="246"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Ben<a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PDIaFPs4AiE" target="_blank">cana alam dan politik</a></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 247.5pt;" valign="top" width="330"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: list .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PDIaFPs4AiE" target="_blank"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Gempa bumi, banjir, kebakaran, perang</span></a></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 184.5pt;" valign="top" width="246"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PDIaFPs4AiE" target="_blank">Kesalahan manusia</a></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 247.5pt;" valign="top" width="330"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo6; tab-stops: list .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PDIaFPs4AiE" target="_blank"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Kesalahan pemasukkan data</span></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo6; tab-stops: list .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PDIaFPs4AiE" target="_blank"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Kesalahan penghapusan data</span></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo6; tab-stops: list .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PDIaFPs4AiE" target="_blank"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Kesalahan operator (salah memberi label pada pita
magnetik)</span></a></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 184.5pt;" valign="top" width="246"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PDIaFPs4AiE" target="_blank">Kegagalan perangkat lunak dan perangkat keras</a></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 247.5pt;" valign="top" width="330"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo6; tab-stops: list .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PDIaFPs4AiE" target="_blank"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Gangguan listrik</span></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo6; tab-stops: list .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PDIaFPs4AiE" target="_blank"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Kegagalan peralatan</span></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo6; tab-stops: list .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PDIaFPs4AiE" target="_blank"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Kegagalan fungsi perangkat lunak</span></a></div>
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<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 184.5pt;" valign="top" width="246"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PDIaFPs4AiE" target="_blank">Kecurangan dan kejahatan komputer </a></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 247.5pt;" valign="top" width="330"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo6; tab-stops: list .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PDIaFPs4AiE" target="_blank"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Penyelewengan aktivitas</span></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo6; tab-stops: list .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PDIaFPs4AiE" target="_blank"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Penyalahgunaan kartu kredit</span></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo6; tab-stops: list .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PDIaFPs4AiE" target="_blank"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Sabotase</span></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo6; tab-stops: list .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PDIaFPs4AiE" target="_blank"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Pengaksesan oleh orang yang tidak berhak</span></a></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 184.5pt;" valign="top" width="246"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PDIaFPs4AiE" target="_blank">Program yang jahat / usil</a></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 247.5pt;" valign="top" width="330"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo6; tab-stops: list .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PDIaFPs4AiE" target="_blank">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></a></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PDIaFPs4AiE" target="_blank">Virus, cacing (worm), bom </a>waktu, dll.</span></div>
</td>
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</tbody></table>
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<h1 style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l18 level1 lfo9;">
<span lang="IN" style="mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">B.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN">GANGGUAN-GANGGUAN TERHADAP SISTEM INFORMASI</span></h1>
<div class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0in; tab-stops: -.5in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Gangguan-gangguan terhadap sistem informasi dapat dilakukan
secara :</span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo10; tab-stops: -.5in list .25in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Tidak sengaja</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: -.5in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Gangguan
terhadap sistem informasi yang dilakukan secara tidak sengaja dapat terjadi
karena :</span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l14 level1 lfo11; tab-stops: -.5in list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Kesalahan teknis (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">technical errors</i>)</span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo12; tab-stops: -.5in list 14.25pt 57.75pt; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "wingdings"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">§<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Kesalahan perangkat keras (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">hardware problems</i>)</span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo12; tab-stops: -.5in list 14.25pt 57.75pt; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "wingdings"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">§<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Kesalahan di dalam penulisan sintak
perangkat lunak (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">syntax errors</i>)</span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo12; tab-stops: -.5in list 14.25pt 57.75pt; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "wingdings"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">§<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Kesalahan logika (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">logical errors</i>)</span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l14 level1 lfo11; tab-stops: -.5in list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Gangguan lingkungan (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">environmental hazards</i>)<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l15 level1 lfo13; tab-stops: -.5in list .75in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "wingdings"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">§<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Kegagalan arus listrik karena petir</span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l14 level1 lfo11; tab-stops: -.5in list .25in; text-indent: 0in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Kesalahan manusia (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">human errors</i>) </span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: -.5in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo10; tab-stops: -.5in list .25in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Sengaja</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: -.5in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Kegiatan
yang disengaja untuk menganggu sistem informasi termasuk dalam kategori :</span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo14; tab-stops: -.5in list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Computer
abuse</span></i><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"> : adalah kegiatan sengaja yang merusak atau menggangu sistem
informasi.</span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo14; tab-stops: -.5in list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Computer
crime</span></i><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"> (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Computer fraud</i>) :
adalah kegiatan <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">computer abuse</i> yang
melanggar hukum, misalnya membobol sistem komputer.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo14; tab-stops: -.5in list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Computer
related crime </span></i><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">: adalah kegiatan menggunakan teknologi komputer untuk
melakukan kejahatan, misalnya dengan menggunakan internet untuk membeli barang
dengan menggunakan kartu kredit.</span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: -.5in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0in; tab-stops: -.5in;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Cara Melakukan
Gangguan-gangguan Sistem Informasi </span></b></div>
<div class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0in; tab-stops: -.5in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Ada tiga cara untuk melakukan gangguan terhadap sistem
informasi :</span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l17 level1 lfo15; tab-stops: -.5in list .25in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Data Tampering</span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l17 level1 lfo15; tab-stops: -.5in list .25in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Penyelewengan program</span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l17 level1 lfo15; tab-stops: -.5in list .25in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Penetrasi ke sistem informasi</span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0in; tab-stops: -.5in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0in; tab-stops: -.5in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo18; tab-stops: -.5in list .25in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "wingdings"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">Ø<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Data Tampering</span></i></b><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">
atau <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Data
Diddling</i></b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0in; tab-stops: -.5in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Data Tampering adalah merubah data sebelum, atau selama
proses dan sesudah proses dari sistem informasi. </span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0in; tab-stops: -.5in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Data diubah sebelum diproses yaitu pada waktu data ditangkap
di dokumen dasar atau pada saat diverifikasi sebelum dimasukkan ke sistem
informasi. </span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0in; tab-stops: -.5in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Data diubah pada saat proses sistem informasi biasanya
dilakukan pada saat dimasukkan ke dalam sistem informasi.</span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0in; tab-stops: -.5in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Data diubah setelah proses sistem informasi yaitu dengan
mengganti nilai keluarannya. Data diubah dapat diganti, dihapus atau ditambah.</span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0in; tab-stops: -.5in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0in; tab-stops: -.5in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Kegiatan <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">data tampering</i>
ini biasanya banyak dilakukan oleh orang dalam perusahaan itu sendiri.</span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0in; tab-stops: -.5in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l13 level1 lfo19; tab-stops: -.5in list .25in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "wingdings"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">Ø<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Penyelewengan
Program (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Programming Fraud</i>)</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0in; tab-stops: -.5in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Dengan cara ini, program komputer dimodifikasi untuk maksud
kejahatan tertentu. </span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0in; tab-stops: -.5in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0in; tab-stops: -.5in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Teknik-teknik yang termasuk dalam kategori ini adalah :</span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo8; tab-stops: list .25in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Virus</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: -27.0pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Virus
berupa penggalan kode yang dapat menggandakan dirinya sendiri, dengan cara
menyalin kode dan menempelkan ke berkas program yang dapat dieksekusi.
Selanjutnya, salinan virus ini akan menjadi aktif jika program yang terinfeksi
dijalankan.</span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: -27.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: -27.0pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Contoh
virus jahat adalah CIH atau virus Chernobyl, yang melakukan penularan melalui
e-mail.</span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: -27.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo8; tab-stops: list .25in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Cacing
(<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Worm</i>)</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Cacing
adalah suatu program yang dapat menggandakan dirinya sendiri dengan cepat dan
menulari komputer-komputer dalam jaringan.</span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="line-height: 150%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Contoh <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">worm</i> yang terkenal adalah yang
diciptakan oleh Robert Morris pada tahun 1988. Program yang dibuatnya dapat
menyusup ke jaringan yang menghubungkan Massachusets Institute of Technology,
perusahaan RAND, Ames Research Center-nya NASA, dan sejumlah universitas di
Amerika. <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Worm</i> ini telah menyebar ke
6000 komputer sebelum akhirnya terdeteksi.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="line-height: 150%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo8; tab-stops: list .25in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Kuda Trojan (Trojan</span></i></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Horse</i>) </span></b></div>
<div class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: -.5in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Kuda
Trojan adalah program komputer yang dirancang agar dapat digunakan untuk
menyusup ke dalam sistem.</span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: -.5in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Sebagai
contoh, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Trojan Horse</i> dapat
menciptakan pemakai dengan wewenang supervisor atau superuser. Pemakai inilah
yang nantinya dipakai untuk menyusup ke sistem. Contoh <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Trojan Horse</i><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>yang terkenal
adalah program pada Macintosh yang bernama Sexy Ladies HyperCard yang pada
tahun 1988 membawa korban dengan janji menyajikan gambar-gambar erotis.
Sekalipun janjinya dipenuhi, program ini juga menghapus data pada
komputer-komputer yang memuatnya. </span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo16; tab-stops: -.5in list .25in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Round down Technique </span></i></b></div>
<div class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: -.5in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Teknik
ini merupakan bagian program yang akan membulatkan nilai pecahan ke dalam nilai
bulat dan mengumpulkan nilai-nilai pecahan yang dibulatkan tersebut.</span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: -.5in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: -.5in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Bila
diterapkan di bank misalnya, pemrogram dapat membulatkan ke bawah semua biaya
bunga yang dibayarkan ke nasabah, dan memasukkan pecahan yang dibulatkan
tersebut ke rekeningnya.</span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: -.5in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l19 level1 lfo17; tab-stops: -.5in list .25in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Salami Slicing</span></i></b></div>
<div class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: -.5in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Merupakan
bagian program yang memotong sebagian kecil dari nilai transaksi yang besar dan
menggumpulkan potongan-potongan ini dalam suatu periode tertentu.</span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: -.5in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: -.5in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Misalnya
suatu akuntan di suatu perusahaan di California menaikkan sedikit secara
sistematik biaya-biaya produksi. Bagian-bagian yang dinaikkan ini kemudian
dikumpulkan selama periode tertentu dan diambil oleh akuntan tersebut.</span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: -.5in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l19 level1 lfo17; tab-stops: -.5in list .25in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Trapdoor</span></i></b></div>
<div class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: -.5in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Adalah
kemungkinan tindakan yang tak terantisipasi yang tertinggal dalam program
karena ketidaksengajaan. Disebabkan sebuah program tidak terjamin bebas dari
kesalahan, kesalahan yang terjadi dapat membuat pemakai yang tak berwenang
dapat mengakses sistem dan melakukan hal-hal yang sebenarnya tidak boleh dan
tidak dapat dilakukan.</span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: -.5in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l19 level1 lfo17; tab-stops: -.5in list .25in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Super zapping</span></i></b></div>
<div class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: -.5in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Adalah
penggunaan tidak sah dari program utiliti Superzap yang dikembangkan oleh IBM
untuk melewati beberapa pengendalian-pengendalian sistem yang kemudian
melakukan kegiatan tidak legal.</span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: -.5in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo8; tab-stops: list .25in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Bom
Logika atau Bom Waktu (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Logic bomb atau
Time bomb</i>)</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Bom logika
atau bom waktu adalah suatu program yang beraksi karena dipicu oleh sesuatu
kejadian atau setelah selang waktu berlalu.</span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="line-height: 150%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Program ini
biasanya ditulis oleh orang dalam yang akan mengancam perusahaan atau membalas
dendam kepada perusahaan karena sakit hati.</span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: -.5in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: -.5in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Contoh
kasus bom waktu terjadi di USPA, perusahaan asuransi di Forth Worth. Donal
Burkson, seorang programmer pada perusahaan tersebut dipecat karena sesuatu
hal. Dua hari kemudian, sebuah bom waktu mengaktifkan dirinya sendiri dan
menghapus kira-kira 160.000 rekaman-rekaman penting pada komputer perusahaan
tersebut.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: -.5in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: -.5in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: -.5in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l20 level1 lfo20; tab-stops: -.5in list .25in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "wingdings"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">Ø<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Penetrasi
ke Sistem Informasi</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Yang termasuk
dalam cara ini adalah :</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo21; tab-stops: list .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "wingdings"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">§<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Piggybacking</span></i></b></div>
<div class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Piggybacking
adalah menyadap jalur telekomunikasi dan ikut masuk ke dalam sistem komputer
bersama-sama dengan pemakai sistem komputer yang resmi.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo21; tab-stops: list .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "wingdings"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">§<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Masquerading</span></i></b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> atau <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Impersonation</i></b></span></div>
<h2 style="line-height: 150%;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Masquerading atau Impersonation yaitu penetrasi ke
sistem komputer dengan memakai identitas dan password dari orang lain yang sah.
Identitas dan password ini biasanya diperoleh dari orang dalam.</span></h2>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo21; tab-stops: list .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "wingdings"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">§<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Scavenging </span></i></b></div>
<div class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Scavenging
yaitu penetrasi ke sistem komputer dengan memperoleh identitas dan password
dari mencari di dokumen-dokumen perusahaan. </span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="line-height: 150%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Data
identitas dan password diperoleh dari beberapa cara mulai dari mencari dokumen
di tempat sampah sampai dengan mencarinya di memori-memori komputer.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo21; tab-stops: list .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "wingdings"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">§<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Eavesdropping</span></i></b></div>
<div class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Eavesdropping
adalah penyadapan informasi di jalur transmisi privat.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Misalnya
adalah yang dilakukan oleh Mark Koenig sebagai konsultan dari GTE. Dia menyadap
informasi penting lewat telpon dari nsabah-nasabah Bank of America dan
menggunakan informasi tersebut untuk membuat sebanyak 5500 kartu ATM palsu.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Selain cara di
atas, metode yang umum digunakan oleh orang dalam melakukan penetrasi ke sistem
informasi ada 6 macam<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"> (Bodnar dan Hopwood</i></b>,1993), yaitu:</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l16 level1 lfo22; tab-stops: list .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Pemanipulasian masukkan</span></b><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyTextIndent3">
<span lang="IN">Dalam banyak kecurangan terhadap
komputer, pemanipulasian masukkan merupakan metode yang paling banyak
digunakan, mengingat hal ini dapat dilakukan tanpa memerlukan ketrampilan
teknis yang tinggi.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<h2 style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l16 level1 lfo22; tab-stops: list .25in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Penggantian
program</span></b></h2>
<div class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Pemanipulasian
melalui program dapat dilakukan oleh para spesialis teknologi informasi.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l16 level1 lfo22; tab-stops: list .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Penggantian berkas secara langsung</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Pengubahan
berkas secara langsung umum dilakukan oleh orang yang punya akses secara
langsung terhadap basis data.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l16 level1 lfo22; tab-stops: list .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Pencurian data</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Pencurian
data seringkali dilakukan oleh “orang dalam” untuk dijual. </span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Salah satu
kasus yang terjadi pada Encyclopedia Britanica Company. Perusahaan ini menuduh
seorang pegawainya menjual daftar nasabah ke sebuah pengiklan <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">direct mail</i> seharga $3 juta. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l16 level1 lfo22; tab-stops: list .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Sabotase</span></b></div>
<h2 style="line-height: 150%;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Sabotase dapat dilakukan dengan berbagai cara oleh <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Hacker</i></b>
atau <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Cracker</i></b>.</span></h2>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<br /></div>
<h2 style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0in; text-indent: -.75in;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Hacker</span></i></b><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"> <span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">:</b> para ahli komputer<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>yang<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>memiliki<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>kekhususan<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>dalam</span></h2>
<h2 style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0in; text-indent: -.75in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>menjebol keamanan<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>sistem<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>komputer<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>dengan<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>tujuan</span></h2>
<h2 style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0in; text-indent: -.75in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>publisitas</span></h2>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.0in;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Cracker </span></i></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">:</span></b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">penjebol sistem komputer
yang bertujuan untuk melakukan pencurian atau merusak sistem.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.0in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Berbagai teknik yang digunakan untuk melakukan <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">hacking</i> :</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo7; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Denial of Service</span></i></b></div>
<div class="MsoBodyTextIndent2" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Teknik ini
dilaksanakan dengan cara membuat permintaan yang sangat banyak terhadap suatu
situs, sehingga sistem menjadi macet dan kemudian dengan mencari kelemahan pada
sistem, si pelaku melakukan serangan terhadap sistem.</span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyTextIndent2" style="line-height: 150%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoBodyTextIndent2" style="line-height: 150%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoBodyTextIndent2" style="line-height: 150%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo7; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Sniffer</span></i></b><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Teknik
ini diimplementasikan dengan membuat program yang dapat melacak paket data
seseorang ketika paket tersebut melintasi internet, menangkap password atau
menangkap isinya.</span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyTextIndent2" style="line-height: 150%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo7; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Spoofing</span></i></b></div>
<div class="MsoBodyTextIndent2" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Melakukan
pemalsuan alamat e-mail atau web dengan tujuan untuk menjebak pemakai agar
memasukkan informasi yang penting seperti password atau nomor kartu kredit.</span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyTextIndent2" style="line-height: 150%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l16 level1 lfo22; tab-stops: list .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">6.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Penyalahgunaan dan pencurian sumber
daya komputasi </span></b></div>
<div class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Merupakan
bentuk pemanfaatan secara ilegal terhadap sumber daya komputasi oleh pegawai
dalam rangka menjalankan bisnisnya sendiri.</span></div>
</div>
jujurhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05687765228352366156noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2068584858024834626.post-74945931615765523432016-04-05T10:50:00.002-07:002019-03-06T18:37:32.265-08:00Source Code Pascal Metode Regula Falsi dan Metode Bagi-dua<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<br id="docs-internal-guid-4384f556-e78b-c812-5449-3dd5e9154a3a" />
<br />
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<br />
<ul style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; color: #141823; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #141823; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Tugas Metode Numerik !</span></div>
</li>
</ul>
<br />
<ul style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; color: #141823; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: disc; margin-left: -48px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #141823; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Buat Program pascal dari fungsi F(x)=e^x-5x^2 Selangnya [0,1] dan epsiloonnya=0.00001</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #141823; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><br class="kix-line-break" /></span><span style="background-color: white; color: #141823; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">dengan menu pilihan yaitu metode bagi - dua dan metode regula falsi</span></div>
</li>
</ul>
<br />
<br />
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<ul style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Source Code Pascal Metode Regula Falsi dan Metode Bagi-dua</span></div>
</li>
</ul>
<br />
<div dir="ltr" style="margin-left: -5.75pt;">
<table style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none;"><colgroup><col width="616"></col></colgroup><tbody>
<tr style="height: 0px;"><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "cordia new"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PDIaFPs4AiE" target="_blank">program metode_numerik;</a></span></div>
<a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PDIaFPs4AiE" target="_blank"><br /></a>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "cordia new"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PDIaFPs4AiE" target="_blank">uses crt;</a></span></div>
<a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PDIaFPs4AiE" target="_blank"><br /></a>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "cordia new"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PDIaFPs4AiE" target="_blank">var</a></span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "cordia new"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PDIaFPs4AiE" target="_blank"> pil:integer;</a></span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "cordia new"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PDIaFPs4AiE" target="_blank"> ulang:char;</a></span></div>
<a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PDIaFPs4AiE" target="_blank"><br /></a>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "cordia new"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PDIaFPs4AiE" target="_blank">procedure metode_bagi_dua;</a></span></div>
<a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PDIaFPs4AiE" target="_blank"><br /></a>
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<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "cordia new"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PDIaFPs4AiE" target="_blank">var</a></span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "cordia new"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PDIaFPs4AiE" target="_blank"> a,b,x,Fa,Fb,tol,fx: real;</a></span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "cordia new"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PDIaFPs4AiE" target="_blank"> i,n : integer;</a></span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "cordia new"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PDIaFPs4AiE" target="_blank"> e, error : real;</a></span></div>
<a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PDIaFPs4AiE" target="_blank"><br /></a>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "cordia new"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PDIaFPs4AiE" target="_blank">begin</a></span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "cordia new"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PDIaFPs4AiE" target="_blank"> writeln('==============================================================');</a></span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "cordia new"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PDIaFPs4AiE" target="_blank"> writeln(' METODE BAGI-DUA ');</a></span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "cordia new"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PDIaFPs4AiE" target="_blank"> writeln('==============================================================');</a></span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "cordia new"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PDIaFPs4AiE" target="_blank"> a:=0;</a></span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "cordia new"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PDIaFPs4AiE" target="_blank"> b:=1;</a></span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "cordia new"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PDIaFPs4AiE" target="_blank"> e:=0.00001;</a></span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "cordia new"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PDIaFPs4AiE" target="_blank"> n:=13;</a></span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "cordia new"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PDIaFPs4AiE" target="_blank"> readln;</a></span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "cordia new"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PDIaFPs4AiE" target="_blank"> i:=0;</a></span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "cordia new"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PDIaFPs4AiE" target="_blank"> fa:=exp(a)-5*sqr(a);</a></span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "cordia new"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PDIaFPs4AiE" target="_blank"> fb:=exp(b)-5*sqr(b);</a></span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "cordia new"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PDIaFPs4AiE" target="_blank"> writeln('');</a></span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "cordia new"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PDIaFPs4AiE" target="_blank"> if (fa * fb > 0) then writeln('Nilai F(a) * f(b) > 0')</a></span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "cordia new"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PDIaFPs4AiE" target="_blank"> else</a></span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "cordia new"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PDIaFPs4AiE" target="_blank"> writeln('--------------------------------------------------------------');</a></span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "cordia new"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PDIaFPs4AiE" target="_blank"> writeln('Iterasi a b x f(a) f(x) error');</a></span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "cordia new"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PDIaFPs4AiE" target="_blank"> writeln('--------------------------------------------------------------');</a></span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "cordia new"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PDIaFPs4AiE" target="_blank"> tol:=e+1;</a></span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "cordia new"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PDIaFPs4AiE" target="_blank"> while (i<=n) and (tol>e) do</a></span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "cordia new"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PDIaFPs4AiE" target="_blank"> begin</a></span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "cordia new"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PDIaFPs4AiE" target="_blank"> i:=i+1;</a></span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "cordia new"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PDIaFPs4AiE" target="_blank"> x:=(a+b)/2;</a></span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "cordia new"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PDIaFPs4AiE" target="_blank"> fx:=exp(x)-5*sqr(x);</a></span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "cordia new"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PDIaFPs4AiE" target="_blank"> error:=abs((x-a)/x); {metode bagi dua}</a></span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "cordia new"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PDIaFPs4AiE" target="_blank"> write(i:6,'',a:8:4,'',b:8:4,'',x:10:5);</a></span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "cordia new"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PDIaFPs4AiE" target="_blank"> writeln(fa:10:5,'',fx:10:5,'',error:8);</a></span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "cordia new"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PDIaFPs4AiE" target="_blank"> e:=abs(x-a);</a></span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "cordia new"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PDIaFPs4AiE" target="_blank"> if(fa*fx <=0) then</a></span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "cordia new"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PDIaFPs4AiE" target="_blank"> begin</a></span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "cordia new"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PDIaFPs4AiE" target="_blank"> b:=x;</a></span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "cordia new"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PDIaFPs4AiE" target="_blank"> fb:=fx;</a></span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "cordia new"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PDIaFPs4AiE" target="_blank"> end</a></span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "cordia new"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PDIaFPs4AiE" target="_blank"> else</a></span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "cordia new"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PDIaFPs4AiE" target="_blank"> begin</a></span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "cordia new"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PDIaFPs4AiE" target="_blank"> a:=x;</a></span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "cordia new"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PDIaFPs4AiE" target="_blank"> fa:=fx;</a></span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "cordia new"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PDIaFPs4AiE" target="_blank"> end;</a></span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "cordia new"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PDIaFPs4AiE" target="_blank"> end;</a></span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "cordia new"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PDIaFPs4AiE" target="_blank"> writeln('--------------------------------------------------------------');</a></span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "cordia new"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PDIaFPs4AiE" target="_blank"> if (i<=n) then</a></span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "cordia new"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PDIaFPs4AiE" target="_blank"> begin</a></span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "cordia new"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PDIaFPs4AiE" target="_blank"> writeln('Pendekatan akar dari f(x) = e^x-5X^2 adalah = ',x:3:7);</a></span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "cordia new"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PDIaFPs4AiE" target="_blank"> writeln('Toleransi Terpenuhi');</a></span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "cordia new"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PDIaFPs4AiE" target="_blank"> end</a></span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "cordia new"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PDIaFPs4AiE" target="_blank"> else</a></span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "cordia new"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PDIaFPs4AiE" target="_blank"> writeln('Pendekatan akar dari f(x) = e^x-5X^2 adalah = ',x:3:7);</a></span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "cordia new"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PDIaFPs4AiE" target="_blank"> writeln('Toleransi Tidak Terpenuhi');</a></span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "cordia new"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PDIaFPs4AiE" target="_blank"> readln;</a></span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "cordia new"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PDIaFPs4AiE" target="_blank"> end;</a></span></div>
<a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PDIaFPs4AiE" target="_blank"><br /></a>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "cordia new"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PDIaFPs4AiE" target="_blank">procedure metode_regula_falsi;</a></span></div>
<br />
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "cordia new"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">var</span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "cordia new"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> a,b,x,Fa,Fb,tol,fx,c : real;</span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "cordia new"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> i,n : integer;</span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "cordia new"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> e,error : real;</span></div>
<br />
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "cordia new"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hB1CVPcEZk4" target="_blank">begin</a></span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "cordia new"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hB1CVPcEZk4" target="_blank"> writeln('==============================================================');</a></span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "cordia new"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hB1CVPcEZk4" target="_blank"> writeln(' METODE REGULA FALSI ');</a></span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "cordia new"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hB1CVPcEZk4" target="_blank"> writeln('==============================================================');</a></span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "cordia new"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hB1CVPcEZk4" target="_blank"> a:=0;</a></span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "cordia new"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hB1CVPcEZk4" target="_blank"> b:=1;</a></span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "cordia new"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hB1CVPcEZk4" target="_blank"> e:=0.00001;</a></span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "cordia new"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hB1CVPcEZk4" target="_blank"> n:=13;</a></span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "cordia new"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hB1CVPcEZk4" target="_blank"> readln;</a></span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "cordia new"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hB1CVPcEZk4" target="_blank"> i:=0;</a></span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "cordia new"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hB1CVPcEZk4" target="_blank"> fa:=exp(a)-5*sqr(a);</a></span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "cordia new"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hB1CVPcEZk4" target="_blank"> fb:=exp(b)-5*sqr(b);</a></span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "cordia new"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hB1CVPcEZk4" target="_blank"> writeln('');</a></span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "cordia new"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hB1CVPcEZk4" target="_blank"> if (fa * fb > 0) then writeln('Nilai F(a) * f(b) > 0')</a></span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "cordia new"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hB1CVPcEZk4" target="_blank"> else</a></span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "cordia new"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hB1CVPcEZk4" target="_blank"> writeln('--------------------------------------------------------------');</a></span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "cordia new"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hB1CVPcEZk4" target="_blank"> writeln('Iterasi a b x f(a) f(x) error');</a></span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "cordia new"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hB1CVPcEZk4" target="_blank"> writeln('--------------------------------------------------------------');</a></span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "cordia new"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hB1CVPcEZk4" target="_blank"> tol:=e+1;</a></span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "cordia new"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> while (i<=n) and (tol>e) do</span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "cordia new"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> begin</span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "cordia new"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> i:=i+1;</span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "cordia new"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> x:=a-fa*(b-a)/(fb-fa); {metode regula falsi}</span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "cordia new"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> fx:=exp(x)-5*sqr(x);</span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "cordia new"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> error:=abs((x-a)/x);</span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "cordia new"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> write(i:6,'',a:8:4,'',b:8:4,'',x:10:5);</span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "cordia new"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> writeln(fa:10:5,'',fx:10:5,'',error:8);</span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "cordia new"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> e:=abs(x-a);</span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "cordia new"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> if(fa*fx <=0) then</span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "cordia new"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> begin</span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "cordia new"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> b:=x;</span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "cordia new"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> fb:=fx;</span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "cordia new"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> end</span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "cordia new"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> else</span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "cordia new"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> begin</span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "cordia new"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> a:=x;</span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "cordia new"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> fa:=fx;</span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "cordia new"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> end;</span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "cordia new"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> end;</span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "cordia new"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> writeln('--------------------------------------------------------------');</span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "cordia new"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> if (i<=n) then</span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "cordia new"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> begin</span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "cordia new"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> writeln('Pendekatan akar dari f(x) = e^x-5X^2 adalah = ',x:3:7);</span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "cordia new"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> writeln('Toleransi Terpenuhi');</span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "cordia new"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> end</span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "cordia new"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> else</span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "cordia new"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> writeln('Pendekatan akar dari f(x) = e^x-5X^2 adalah = ',x:3:7);</span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "cordia new"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> writeln('Toleransi Tidak Terpenuhi');</span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "cordia new"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> readln;</span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "cordia new"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> end;</span></div>
<br />
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "cordia new"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">begin</span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "cordia new"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> repeat</span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "cordia new"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> clrscr;</span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "cordia new"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> writeln(' Menu Metode Numerik ');</span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "cordia new"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> writeln('--------------------------------------');</span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "cordia new"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> writeln('1. METODE BAGI-DUA');</span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "cordia new"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> writeln('2. METODE REGULA FALSI');</span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "cordia new"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> writeln('3. Exit');</span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "cordia new"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> writeln('--------------------------------------');</span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "cordia new"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> write('Pilih Menu = '); read(pil);</span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "cordia new"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> clrscr;</span></div>
<br />
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "cordia new"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> case pil of</span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "cordia new"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> 1 : metode_bagi_dua;</span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "cordia new"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> 2 : metode_regula_falsi;</span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "cordia new"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> 3 : exit;</span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "cordia new"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> end;</span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "cordia new"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> if (pil > 3) then</span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "cordia new"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> begin</span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "cordia new"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> writeln('pilihan yang anda masukan salah = ');</span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "cordia new"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> readln;</span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "cordia new"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> write('');</span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "cordia new"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> end;</span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "cordia new"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> until (ulang='Y') or (ulang='y');</span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "cordia new"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">end.</span></div>
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jujurhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05687765228352366156noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2068584858024834626.post-12693224504204800892016-04-05T10:48:00.001-07:002016-04-05T10:48:50.802-07:00Menghitung Nilai Cos dengan Program Pascal<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 18.666666666666664px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Tugas Metode Numerik</span></div>
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<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 10pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 18.666666666666664px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">“Metode Deret Mac Laurin”</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Disusun Oleh:</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">KELAS : METNUM-5</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">FAQIH PRATAMA L-10112680</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">IFAN FAJAR F-10112691</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">CANDRA P SIMATUPANG-10112675</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">JUJUR SOALOON-10112672</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Program Studi Teknik Informatika</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Fakultas Teknik dan Ilmu Komputer</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">UNIKOM</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">2014</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">TUGAS METNUM :</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><br class="kix-line-break" /></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">“Menghitung Nilai cos dengan nilai x nya adalah 0,2 dalam program pascal , menggunakan mac laurin “</span></div>
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<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.3800000000000001; margin-bottom: 10pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Listing Program</span></div>
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</ul>
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<table style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none;"><colgroup><col width="616"></col></colgroup><tbody>
<tr style="height: 0px;"><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">program cos_maclaurin;</span></div>
<br /><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">uses crt;</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">var</span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> k,i,m:longint;</span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> u1:char;</span></div>
<br /><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">function f(z:integer):real;</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">begin</span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> k:=1;</span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> for i:=1 to z do</span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> k:=k*i;</span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> f:=k;</span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">end;</span></div>
<br /><br /><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">procedure cos;</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">var</span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> n : integer ;</span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> x, cos :real ;</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">begin</span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> repeat</span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> write('Menghitung Nilai Cos : '); readln(x);</span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> if x<> 0 then</span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> begin</span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> cos:= 0;</span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> for m:= 1 to n do</span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> if m mod 2=0 then</span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> cos:= cos+(-1)* exp((2*(m-1))*ln(x))/f(2*(m-1))</span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> else</span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> cos:= cos+exp((2*(m-1))*ln(x))/f(2*(m-1));</span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> end;</span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> if x=0 then</span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> cos:= 1;</span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> writeln('hasil dari cos ',x,' : ',cos:7:2);</span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> writeln;</span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> write('ingin menghitung lagi (Y/T)? '); readln(u1);</span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> clrscr;</span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> u1:=upcase(u1);</span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> until (u1<>'Y');</span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> write('Terimakasih');</span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">end; </span></div>
<br /><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">begin</span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> cos;</span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">readln();</span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">end.</span></div>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<br /><ul style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.3800000000000001; margin-bottom: 10pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Layar Tampilan</span></div>
</li>
</ul>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.3800000000000001; margin-bottom: 10pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><img height="236" src="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/_RZeGL5-gEd4AAdgiuwT_VCiGkIlnekVAK-VcOEIgVaCTWNaYpwrj5GVCQK2JlDU06S8dQmjM6UrK5JlGwpNQnISJDTHIE4mjFQfYio-hgiErhJwwkdFHu2BXUlWqCDiuU8vkOdE6CX01oYgSQ" style="-webkit-transform: rotate(0.00rad); border: none; transform: rotate(0.00rad);" width="475" /></span></div>
</div>
jujurhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05687765228352366156noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2068584858024834626.post-87456540811221998892016-04-05T10:41:00.000-07:002018-10-23T18:50:12.779-07:00NORMALISASI TABEL RELASI<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<br />
<script async="" src="//pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/js/adsbygoogle.js"></script>
<script>
(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({
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<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><br /></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "wingdings"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">Ø<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Normalisasi</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">
adalah proses untuk menciptakan suatu table (relasi) dalam basis data dengan
tujuan untuk mengurangi kemubaziran.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "wingdings"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">Ø<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Masalah-masalah yang timbul dalam
pembuatan table yang disebut dengan anomali. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Anomali</b> adalah proses pada basis data yang mempunyai efek samping yang
tidak diharapkan. Misal : ketidakkonsistenan data, suatu data hilang pada saat
dihapus, dll.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "wingdings"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">Ø<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Anomali ada 3 jenis yaitu :</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l3 level2 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><u><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Anomali peremajaan</span></u></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Anomali ini terjadi bila ada
perubahan pada sejumlah data yang mubazir, tetapi tidak seluruhnya diubah.
Contoh : Tabel Pesanan</span></div>
<div align="center">
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 480;">
<tbody>
<tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;">
<td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .75in;" width="72"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Pemasok</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .75in;" width="72"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Kota</span><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 63.0pt;" width="84"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Barang</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 45.0pt;" width="60"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Jumlah</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 1;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .75in;" valign="top" width="72"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Kartika</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .75in;" valign="top" width="72"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Jakarta</span><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 63.0pt;" valign="top" width="84"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Mouse</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 45.0pt;" valign="top" width="60"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">5</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 2;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .75in;" valign="top" width="72"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Citra</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .75in;" valign="top" width="72"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Bandung</span><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 63.0pt;" valign="top" width="84"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Monitor</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 45.0pt;" valign="top" width="60"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">2</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 3;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .75in;" valign="top" width="72"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Yudi</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .75in;" valign="top" width="72"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Medan</span><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 63.0pt;" valign="top" width="84"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">CPU</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 45.0pt;" valign="top" width="60"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">2</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 4; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .75in;" valign="top" width="72"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Citra</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .75in;" valign="top" width="72"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Bandung</span><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 63.0pt;" valign="top" width="84"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Printer</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 45.0pt;" valign="top" width="60"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">1</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Seandainya Citra dengan kota Bandung pindah ke Bogor maka pengubahan data
hanya dilakukan pada data pertama menjadi : Tabel Pesanan</span></div>
<div align="center">
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 480;">
<tbody>
<tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;">
<td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .75in;" width="72"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Pemasok</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .75in;" width="72"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Kota</span><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 63.0pt;" width="84"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Barang</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 45.0pt;" width="60"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Jumlah</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 1;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .75in;" valign="top" width="72"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Kartika</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .75in;" valign="top" width="72"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Jakarta</span><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 63.0pt;" valign="top" width="84"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Mouse</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 45.0pt;" valign="top" width="60"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">5</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 2;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .75in;" valign="top" width="72"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Citra</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .75in;" valign="top" width="72"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Bogor</span><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 63.0pt;" valign="top" width="84"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Monitor</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 45.0pt;" valign="top" width="60"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">2</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 3;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .75in;" valign="top" width="72"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Yudi</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .75in;" valign="top" width="72"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Medan</span><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 63.0pt;" valign="top" width="84"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">CPU</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 45.0pt;" valign="top" width="60"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">2</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 4; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .75in;" valign="top" width="72"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Citra</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .75in;" valign="top" width="72"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Bandung</span><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 63.0pt;" valign="top" width="84"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Printer</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 45.0pt;" valign="top" width="60"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">1</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Di sini terlihat bahwa data tentang
pemasok Citra tidak sama yang menyebabkan ketidakkonsistenan data.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l3 level2 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><u><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Anomali Penyisipan</span></u></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Anomali ini terjadi pada saat
penambahan data ternyata ada elemen yang kosong dan elemen tsb justru menjadi
key. Contoh : Tabel Kursus</span></div>
<div align="center">
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 480;">
<tbody>
<tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;">
<td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .75in;" width="72"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">NoSiswa</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .75in;" width="72"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Kursus</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 63.0pt;" width="84"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Biaya</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 1;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .75in;" valign="top" width="72"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">10</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .75in;" valign="top" width="72"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Bhs.Inggris</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 63.0pt;" valign="top" width="84"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">60000</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 2;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .75in;" valign="top" width="72"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">10</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .75in;" valign="top" width="72"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Bhs.Perancis</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 63.0pt;" valign="top" width="84"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">80000</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 3;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .75in;" valign="top" width="72"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">10</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .75in;" valign="top" width="72"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Bhs.Jepang</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 63.0pt;" valign="top" width="84"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">70000</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 4;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .75in;" valign="top" width="72"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">15</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .75in;" valign="top" width="72"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Bhs.Inggris</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 63.0pt;" valign="top" width="84"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">60000</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 5; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .75in;" valign="top" width="72"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">20</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .75in;" valign="top" width="72"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Bhs.Jepang</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 63.0pt;" valign="top" width="84"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">70000</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Misalnya akan dibuka kursus baru
yaitu Bhs.Jerman dengan biaya 75000 akan tetapi belum ada seorangpun yang ikut
kursus ini, shg data menjadi : Tabel Kursus</span></div>
<div align="center">
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 480;">
<tbody>
<tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;">
<td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .75in;" width="72"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">NoSiswa</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .75in;" width="72"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Kursus</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 63.0pt;" width="84"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Biaya</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 1;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .75in;" valign="top" width="72"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">10</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .75in;" valign="top" width="72"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Bhs.Inggris</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 63.0pt;" valign="top" width="84"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">60000</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 2;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .75in;" valign="top" width="72"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">10</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .75in;" valign="top" width="72"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Bhs.Perancis</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 63.0pt;" valign="top" width="84"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">80000</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 3;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .75in;" valign="top" width="72"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">10</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .75in;" valign="top" width="72"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Bhs.Jepang</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 63.0pt;" valign="top" width="84"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">70000</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 4;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .75in;" valign="top" width="72"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">15</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .75in;" valign="top" width="72"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Bhs.Inggris</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 63.0pt;" valign="top" width="84"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">60000</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 5;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .75in;" valign="top" width="72"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">20</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .75in;" valign="top" width="72"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Bhs.Jepang</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 63.0pt;" valign="top" width="84"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">70000</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 6; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .75in;" valign="top" width="72"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .75in;" valign="top" width="72"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Bhs.Jerman</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 63.0pt;" valign="top" width="84"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">75000</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l3 level2 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><u><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Anomali penghapusan</span></u></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Anomali ini terjadi apabila dalam
satu baris/ tuple ada data yang akan dihapus sehingga akibatnya terdapat data
lain yang hilang. Contoh pada table kursus data NoSiswa 20 akan dihapus karena
sudah tidak ikut kursus lagi sehingga akibatnya data kursus bhs jepang dan
biaya 70000 akan ikut terhapus.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "wingdings"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">Ø<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Dependensi (Ketergantungan)</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Konsep dasar pada tahap
normalisasi yang menjelaskan hubungan atribut atau secara lebih khusus
menjelaskan nilai suatu atribut yang menentukan atribut lainnya.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "wingdings"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">Ø<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Macam-macam dependensi, yaitu :</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l3 level2 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><u><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Dependensi fungsional </span></u></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 81.0pt; tab-stops: list 81.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -45.0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Definisi : Suatu atribut Y mempunyai dependensi fungsional
terhadap atribut X jika dan hanya jika setiap nilai X berhubungan dengan sebuah
nilai Y.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 81.0pt; tab-stops: list 81.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -45.0pt;">
<span style="height: 12px; left: 0px; margin-left: 124px; margin-top: 1px; mso-ignore: vglayout; position: absolute; width: 39px; z-index: 251646464;"><img height="12" src="file:///C:\Users\HORAS\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image001.gif" width="39" /></span><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Notasi<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>X<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Y<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>(X secara fungsional menentukan Y)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 81.0pt; tab-stops: list 81.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -45.0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Contoh<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>: Tabel
Pesanan</span></div>
<div align="center">
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 480;">
<tbody>
<tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;">
<td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .75in;" width="72"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Pembeli</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .75in;" width="72"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Kota</span><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 63.0pt;" width="84"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Barang</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 45.0pt;" width="60"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Jumlah</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 1;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .75in;" valign="top" width="72"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">P1</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .75in;" valign="top" width="72"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Yogya</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 63.0pt;" valign="top" width="84"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">B1</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 45.0pt;" valign="top" width="60"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">10</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 2;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .75in;" valign="top" width="72"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">P1</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .75in;" valign="top" width="72"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Yogya</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 63.0pt;" valign="top" width="84"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">B2</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 45.0pt;" valign="top" width="60"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">5</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 3;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .75in;" valign="top" width="72"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">P2</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .75in;" valign="top" width="72"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Jakarta</span><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 63.0pt;" valign="top" width="84"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">B1</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 45.0pt;" valign="top" width="60"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">4</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 4;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .75in;" valign="top" width="72"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">P2</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .75in;" valign="top" width="72"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Jakarta</span><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 63.0pt;" valign="top" width="84"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">B2</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 45.0pt;" valign="top" width="60"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">7</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 5;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .75in;" valign="top" width="72"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">P3</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .75in;" valign="top" width="72"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Solo</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 63.0pt;" valign="top" width="84"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">B3</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 45.0pt;" valign="top" width="60"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">6</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 6; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .75in;" valign="top" width="72"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">P3</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .75in;" valign="top" width="72"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Solo</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 63.0pt;" valign="top" width="84"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">B4</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 45.0pt;" valign="top" width="60"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">6</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="height: 12px; left: 0px; margin-left: 208px; margin-top: 25px; mso-ignore: vglayout; position: absolute; width: 39px; z-index: 251647488;"><img height="12" src="file:///C:\Users\HORAS\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image002.gif" width="39" /></span><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Pembeli secara fungsional menentukan kota,
sebab setiap pembeli yang sama<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>mempunyai
kota yang sama,
dengan demikian :<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Pembeli<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Kota<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="height: 12px; left: 0px; margin-left: 291px; margin-top: 2px; mso-ignore: vglayout; position: absolute; width: 39px; z-index: 251648512;"><img height="12" src="file:///C:\Users\HORAS\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image002.gif" width="39" /></span><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">contoh lain <span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>{Pembeli, Barang}<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Jumlah</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Keterangan:</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l3 level3 lfo1; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "wingdings"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">v<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Bagian yang terletak disebelah kiri
tanda panah biasa disebut DETERMINAN / PENENTU dan bagian yang terletak di sebelah
kanan panah disebut DEPENDENSI / YANG TERGANTUNG.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l3 level3 lfo1; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "wingdings"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">v<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Tanda {} biasanya digunakan untuk
menentukan lebih dari satu atribut sebagai penentu atau sebagai yang
tergantung.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l3 level2 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><u><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Dependensi fungsional sepenuhnya</span></u></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Definisi : Suatu atribut Y mempunyai dependensi
fungsional penuh terhadap X jika </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l3 level3 lfo1; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "wingdings"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">v<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Y mempunyai dependensi fungsional
terhadap X dan/atau</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l3 level3 lfo1; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "wingdings"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">v<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Y tidak memiliki dependensi terhadap
bagian dari X</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="height: 12px; left: 0px; margin-left: 152px; margin-top: 3px; mso-ignore: vglayout; position: absolute; width: 39px; z-index: 251649536;"><img height="12" src="file:///C:\Users\HORAS\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image002.gif" width="39" /></span><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Contoh :<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Pembeli<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Kota<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="height: 12px; left: 0px; margin-left: 203px; margin-top: 2px; mso-ignore: vglayout; position: absolute; width: 39px; z-index: 251650560;"><img height="12" src="file:///C:\Users\HORAS\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image002.gif" width="39" /></span><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>{Pembeli, Barang} <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Jumlah</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "wingdings"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">v<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Intinya :<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Kota
mempunyai dependensi fungsional terhadap Pembeli atau {Pembeli, Barang} tapi kota mempunyai dependensi
fungsional sepenuhnya terhadap pembeli bukan barang.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l3 level2 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><u><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Dependensi Total</span></u></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Definisi : Suatu atribut Y mempunyai dependensi
total terhadap atribut X jika</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "wingdings"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">v<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Y memiliki dependensi fungsional
terhadap X dan</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "wingdings"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">v<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">X memiliki dependensi fungsional
terhadap Y</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "wingdings"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">v<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="height: 12px; left: 0px; margin-left: 135px; margin-top: 2px; mso-ignore: vglayout; position: absolute; width: 52px; z-index: 251651584;"><img height="12" src="file:///C:\Users\HORAS\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image003.gif" width="52" /></span><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Notasi<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>X<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Y</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "wingdings"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">v<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Contoh : Tabel Pemasok</span></div>
<table align="left" border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; margin-left: 6.75pt; margin-right: 6.75pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-table-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-table-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-table-left: 156.6pt; mso-table-lspace: 9.0pt; mso-table-rspace: 9.0pt; mso-table-top: 4.6pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 480; width: 300px;">
<tbody>
<tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;">
<td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.0in;" width="96"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: 156.65pt; mso-element-top: 4.6pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">KodePemasok</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 81.0pt;" width="108"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: 156.65pt; mso-element-top: 4.6pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">NamaPemasok</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.0in;" width="96"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: 156.65pt; mso-element-top: 4.6pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Kota</span><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 1;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.0in;" width="96"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: 156.65pt; mso-element-top: 4.6pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">K1</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 81.0pt;" width="108"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: 156.65pt; mso-element-top: 4.6pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Kartika </span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.0in;" width="96"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: 156.65pt; mso-element-top: 4.6pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Jakarta</span><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 2;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.0in;" width="96"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: 156.65pt; mso-element-top: 4.6pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">C1</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 81.0pt;" width="108"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: 156.65pt; mso-element-top: 4.6pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Citra</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.0in;" width="96"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: 156.65pt; mso-element-top: 4.6pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Bandung</span><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 3; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.0in;" width="96"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: 156.65pt; mso-element-top: 4.6pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">C2</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 81.0pt;" width="108"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: 156.65pt; mso-element-top: 4.6pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Candra</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.0in;" width="96"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: 156.65pt; mso-element-top: 4.6pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Jakarta</span><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "wingdings"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">v<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="height: 12px; left: 0px; margin-left: 244px; margin-top: 2px; mso-ignore: vglayout; position: absolute; width: 52px; z-index: 251652608;"><img height="12" src="file:///C:\Users\HORAS\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image003.gif" width="52" /></span><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Pada kasus ini<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>KodePemasok<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>NamaPemasok, karena setiap kode tidak mempunyai nama yang sama.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l3 level2 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">d.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><u><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Dependensi Transitif</span></u></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Definisi : Atribut Z mempunyai dependensi
transitif terhadap X bila :</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 55.3pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list 53.9pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -16.8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "wingdings"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">v<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Y memiliki dependensi fungsional
terhadap X</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 55.3pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list 53.9pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -16.8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "wingdings"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">v<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Z memiliki dependensi fungsional
terhadap Y</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 38.5pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 55.3pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list 53.9pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -16.8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "wingdings"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">v<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Contoh : </span></div>
<table align="left" border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; margin-left: 6.75pt; margin-right: 6.75pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-table-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-table-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-table-left: center; mso-table-lspace: 9.0pt; mso-table-rspace: 9.0pt; mso-table-top: 4.6pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 480; width: 357px;">
<tbody>
<tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;">
<td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 72.8pt;" width="97"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: 4.6pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Kuliah</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 57.15pt;" width="76"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: 4.6pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ruang</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 74.45pt;" width="99"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: 4.6pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Tempat</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 63.65pt;" width="85"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: 4.6pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Waktu</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 1;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 72.8pt;" valign="top" width="97"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: 4.6pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Jarkom</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 57.15pt;" valign="top" width="76"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: 4.6pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Merbabu</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 74.45pt;" valign="top" width="99"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: 4.6pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Gedung Utara</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 63.65pt;" valign="top" width="85"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: 4.6pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Senin</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 2;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 72.8pt;" valign="top" width="97"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: 4.6pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Basis Data</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 57.15pt;" valign="top" width="76"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: 4.6pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Arjuna</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 74.45pt;" valign="top" width="99"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: 4.6pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Gedung Selatan</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 63.65pt;" valign="top" width="85"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: 4.6pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Selasa</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 3;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 72.8pt;" valign="top" width="97"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: 4.6pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Matematika</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 57.15pt;" valign="top" width="76"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: 4.6pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Merapi</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 74.45pt;" valign="top" width="99"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: 4.6pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Gedung Barat</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 63.65pt;" valign="top" width="85"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: 4.6pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Rabu</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 4; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 72.8pt;" valign="top" width="97"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: 4.6pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Fisika</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 57.15pt;" valign="top" width="76"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: 4.6pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Merbabu</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 74.45pt;" valign="top" width="99"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: 4.6pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Gedung Timur</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 63.65pt;" valign="top" width="85"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: 4.6pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Kamis</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 38.5pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 38.5pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 38.5pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 38.5pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 38.5pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 38.5pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 55.3pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list 53.9pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -16.8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "wingdings"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">v<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="height: 12px; left: 0px; margin-left: 159px; margin-top: 3px; mso-ignore: vglayout; position: absolute; width: 27px; z-index: 251653632;"><img height="12" src="file:///C:\Users\HORAS\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image004.gif" width="27" /></span><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Relasi : Kuliah<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>{Ruang, Waktu}</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="height: 12px; left: 0px; margin-left: 162px; margin-top: 3px; mso-ignore: vglayout; position: absolute; width: 27px; z-index: 251654656;"><img height="12" src="file:///C:\Users\HORAS\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image004.gif" width="27" /></span><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Ruang<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Tempat</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="height: 12px; left: 0px; margin-left: 278px; margin-top: 3px; mso-ignore: vglayout; position: absolute; width: 27px; z-index: 251656704;"><img height="12" src="file:///C:\Users\HORAS\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image004.gif" width="27" /></span><span style="height: 12px; left: 0px; margin-left: 212px; margin-top: 3px; mso-ignore: vglayout; position: absolute; width: 27px; z-index: 251655680;"><img height="12" src="file:///C:\Users\HORAS\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image004.gif" width="27" /></span><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Terlihat bahwa :<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Kuliah<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Ruang<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Tempat</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 55.3pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list 53.9pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -16.8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "wingdings"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">v<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Dengan demikian Tempat mempunyai dependensi
transitif terhadap kuliah</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "wingdings"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">Ø<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Diagram Dependensi Fungsional (Diagram DF)</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Adalah diagram yang
digunakan untuk menggabarkan dependensi fungsional. Diagram ini menunjukkan
hubungan antara atribut yang menjadi penentu atribut lainnya, dengan hubungan
yang dinyatakan dengan tanda panah. Seperti contoh diatas dapat digambarkan
diagram DF sebagai berikut :</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="mso-ignore: vglayout;">
</span></div>
<table align="left" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td height="4" width="47"><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><br /></td>
<td><img height="82" src="file:///C:\Users\HORAS\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image005.gif" width="294" /></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<br clear="ALL" style="mso-ignore: vglayout;" />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "wingdings"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">Ø<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><u><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Dekomposisi</span></u></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Pada tahap normalisasi
sering kali terjadi pemecahan table kedalam bentuk dua atau lebih relasi.
Proses pemecahaan ini disebut dengan dekomposisi. Syarat : Tidak ada informasi
yang hilang ketika suatu relasi dipecah menjadi relasi-relasi lain. Contoh :
Terdapat suatu relasi awal sebagai berikut :</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center">
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 480; width: 276px;">
<tbody>
<tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;">
<td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 63.0pt;" width="84"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Nim</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.0in;" width="96"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Nama</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.0in;" width="96"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Program Studi</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 1;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 63.0pt;" valign="top" width="84"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">95001</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.0in;" valign="top" width="96"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Andi</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.0in;" valign="top" width="96"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ekonomi</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 2;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 63.0pt;" valign="top" width="84"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">95002</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.0in;" valign="top" width="96"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Vira</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.0in;" valign="top" width="96"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Teknik</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 3; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 63.0pt;" valign="top" width="84"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">95003</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.0in;" valign="top" width="96"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Andi</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.0in;" valign="top" width="96"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Fisika</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Akan dibentuk kedalam
dekomposisi tak hilang menjadi :</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; margin-left: 95.4pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-table-layout-alt: fixed; mso-yfti-tbllook: 480; width: 384px;">
<tbody>
<tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;">
<td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 63.0pt;" width="84"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Nim</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 69.7pt;" width="93"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Nama</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 20.3pt;" valign="top" width="27"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 63.0pt;" width="84"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Nim</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.0in;" width="96"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Program Studi</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 1;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 63.0pt;" valign="top" width="84"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">95001</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 69.7pt;" valign="top" width="93"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Andi</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 20.3pt;" valign="top" width="27"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 63.0pt;" valign="top" width="84"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">95001</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.0in;" valign="top" width="96"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ekonomi</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 2;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 63.0pt;" valign="top" width="84"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">95002</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 69.7pt;" valign="top" width="93"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Vira</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 20.3pt;" valign="top" width="27"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 63.0pt;" valign="top" width="84"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">95002</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.0in;" valign="top" width="96"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Teknik</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 3; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 63.0pt;" valign="top" width="84"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">95003</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 69.7pt;" valign="top" width="93"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Andi</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 20.3pt;" valign="top" width="27"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 63.0pt;" valign="top" width="84"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">95003</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.0in;" valign="top" width="96"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Fisika</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Pada relasi awal dapat
diketahui informasi sebagai berikut : <u>95001</u> adalah <u>ANDI</u> program
studi <u>Ekonomi. </u>Setelah proses dekomposisi tak hilang hasilnya adalah
sama <u>95001</u> adalah <u>ANDI</u> dan <u>95001</u> program studi <u>Ekonomi</u>.
Contoh dekomposisi hilang adalah<u><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></u><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; margin-left: 95.4pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-table-layout-alt: fixed; mso-yfti-tbllook: 480; width: 384px;">
<tbody>
<tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;">
<td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 63.0pt;" width="84"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Nim</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 69.7pt;" width="93"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Nama</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 20.3pt;" valign="top" width="27"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 63.0pt;" width="84"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Nama</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.0in;" width="96"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Program Studi</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 1;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 63.0pt;" valign="top" width="84"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">95001</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 69.7pt;" valign="top" width="93"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Andi</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 20.3pt;" valign="top" width="27"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 63.0pt;" valign="top" width="84"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Andi</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.0in;" valign="top" width="96"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ekonomi</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 2;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 63.0pt;" valign="top" width="84"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">95002</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 69.7pt;" valign="top" width="93"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Vira</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 20.3pt;" valign="top" width="27"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 63.0pt;" valign="top" width="84"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Vira</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.0in;" valign="top" width="96"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Teknik</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 3; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 63.0pt;" valign="top" width="84"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">95003</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 69.7pt;" valign="top" width="93"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Andi</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 20.3pt;" valign="top" width="27"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 63.0pt;" valign="top" width="84"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Andi</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.0in;" valign="top" width="96"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Fisika</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">95001 bernama ANDI,
tetapi ANDI dengan program studi Ekonomi atau Fisika?</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "wingdings"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">Ø<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><u><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Bentuk Normalisasi</span></u></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l3 level4 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Bentuk normalisasi pertama (1NF)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Dikenakan pada tabel yang sama sekali
belum ternomalisasi. Tabel yang belum ternomalisasi adalah tabel yang mempunyai
atribut berulang. Contoh : terdapat suatu data sebagai berikut :</span></div>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; margin-left: 41.4pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 480; width: 480px;">
<tbody>
<tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;">
<td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .75in;" valign="top" width="72"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">NIP</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.0in;" valign="top" width="96"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Nama</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.0in;" valign="top" width="96"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Jabatan</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 81.0pt;" valign="top" width="108"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Keahlian</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 81.0pt;" valign="top" width="108"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Lama Kerja</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 1;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .75in;" valign="top" width="72"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">107</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.0in;" valign="top" width="96"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ilham</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.0in;" valign="top" width="96"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Analis Senior</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 81.0pt;" valign="top" width="108"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Cobol</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 81.0pt;" valign="top" width="108"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">6</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 2;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .75in;" valign="top" width="72"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.0in;" valign="top" width="96"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.0in;" valign="top" width="96"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 81.0pt;" valign="top" width="108"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Oracle</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 81.0pt;" valign="top" width="108"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">1</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 3;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .75in;" valign="top" width="72"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">109</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.0in;" valign="top" width="96"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ryan</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.0in;" valign="top" width="96"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Analis Junior</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 81.0pt;" valign="top" width="108"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Cobol</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 81.0pt;" valign="top" width="108"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">2</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 4;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .75in;" valign="top" width="72"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.0in;" valign="top" width="96"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.0in;" valign="top" width="96"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 81.0pt;" valign="top" width="108"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">C++</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 81.0pt;" valign="top" width="108"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">2</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 5;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .75in;" valign="top" width="72"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">120</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.0in;" valign="top" width="96"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Fika</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.0in;" valign="top" width="96"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Programmer</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 81.0pt;" valign="top" width="108"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Dbase</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 81.0pt;" valign="top" width="108"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">3</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 6;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .75in;" valign="top" width="72"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.0in;" valign="top" width="96"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.0in;" valign="top" width="96"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 81.0pt;" valign="top" width="108"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Sybase</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 81.0pt;" valign="top" width="108"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">1</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 7; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .75in;" valign="top" width="72"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.0in;" valign="top" width="96"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.0in;" valign="top" width="96"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 81.0pt;" valign="top" width="108"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Cobol</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 81.0pt;" valign="top" width="108"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">1</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Pada contoh di atas, keahlian
mempunyai atribut yang berulang. Untuk itu akan dibentuk ke normal 1NF. Syarat
Normal 1NF adalah suatu relasi dikatakan dalam bentuk normal pertama jika dan
hanya jika setiap atribut bernilai tunggal dalam satu baris.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; margin-left: 41.4pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 480; width: 480px;">
<tbody>
<tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;">
<td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .75in;" valign="top" width="72"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">NIP</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.0in;" valign="top" width="96"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Nama</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.0in;" valign="top" width="96"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Jabatan</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 81.0pt;" valign="top" width="108"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Keahlian</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 81.0pt;" valign="top" width="108"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Lama Kerja</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 1;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .75in;" valign="top" width="72"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">107</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.0in;" valign="top" width="96"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ilham</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.0in;" valign="top" width="96"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Analis Senior</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 81.0pt;" valign="top" width="108"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Cobol</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 81.0pt;" valign="top" width="108"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">6</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 2;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .75in;" valign="top" width="72"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">107</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.0in;" valign="top" width="96"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ilham</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.0in;" valign="top" width="96"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Analis Senior</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 81.0pt;" valign="top" width="108"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Oracle</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 81.0pt;" valign="top" width="108"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">1</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 3;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .75in;" valign="top" width="72"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">109</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.0in;" valign="top" width="96"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ryan</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.0in;" valign="top" width="96"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Analis Junior</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 81.0pt;" valign="top" width="108"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Cobol</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 81.0pt;" valign="top" width="108"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">2</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 4;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .75in;" valign="top" width="72"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">109</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.0in;" valign="top" width="96"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ryan</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.0in;" valign="top" width="96"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Analis Junior</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 81.0pt;" valign="top" width="108"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">C++</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 81.0pt;" valign="top" width="108"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">2</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 5;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .75in;" valign="top" width="72"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">120</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.0in;" valign="top" width="96"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Fika</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.0in;" valign="top" width="96"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Programmer</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 81.0pt;" valign="top" width="108"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Dbase</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 81.0pt;" valign="top" width="108"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">3</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 6;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .75in;" valign="top" width="72"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">120</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.0in;" valign="top" width="96"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Fika</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.0in;" valign="top" width="96"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Programmer</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 81.0pt;" valign="top" width="108"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Sybase</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 81.0pt;" valign="top" width="108"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">1</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 7; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .75in;" valign="top" width="72"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">120</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.0in;" valign="top" width="96"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Fika</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.0in;" valign="top" width="96"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Programmer</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 81.0pt;" valign="top" width="108"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Cobol</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 81.0pt;" valign="top" width="108"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">1</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Tabel d i atas sudah memenuhi bentuk
normal 1NF</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l3 level4 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Bentuk Normal 2NF</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Bentuk ini didefinisikan berdasarkan dependensi
fungsional dengan syarat adalah :</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l3 level5 lfo1; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "wingdings"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">v<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Berada pada bentuk normal pertama</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l3 level5 lfo1; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "wingdings"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">v<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Semua atribut bukan kunci memiliki dependensi
sepenuhnya terhadap kunci primer</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Contoh :</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "wingdings"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">v<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Nama<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>dan jabatan mempunyai dependensi fungsional terhadap NIP</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "wingdings"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">v<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Lama mempunyai dependensi fungsional
terhadap NIP dan keahlian</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "wingdings"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">v<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Bentuk tabelnya adalah : NNJ (NIP,
Nama, Jabatan) dan NKL (NIP, Keahlian, Lama Kerja)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; margin-left: 41.4pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 480; width: 252px;">
<tbody>
<tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;">
<td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 45.0pt;" valign="top" width="60"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">NIP</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.0in;" valign="top" width="96"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Nama</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.0in;" valign="top" width="96"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Jabatan</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 1;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 45.0pt;" valign="top" width="60"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">107</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.0in;" valign="top" width="96"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ilham</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.0in;" valign="top" width="96"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Analis Senior</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 2;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 45.0pt;" valign="top" width="60"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">109</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.0in;" valign="top" width="96"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ryan</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.0in;" valign="top" width="96"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Analis Junior</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 3; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 45.0pt;" valign="top" width="60"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">120</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.0in;" valign="top" width="96"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Fika</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.0in;" valign="top" width="96"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Programmer</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; margin-left: 41.4pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 480; width: 288px;">
<tbody>
<tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;">
<td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .75in;" valign="top" width="72"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">NIP</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 81.0pt;" valign="top" width="108"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Keahlian</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 81.0pt;" valign="top" width="108"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Lama Kerja</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 1;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .75in;" valign="top" width="72"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">107</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 81.0pt;" valign="top" width="108"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Cobol</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 81.0pt;" valign="top" width="108"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">6</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 2;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .75in;" valign="top" width="72"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">107</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 81.0pt;" valign="top" width="108"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Oracle</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 81.0pt;" valign="top" width="108"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">1</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 3;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .75in;" valign="top" width="72"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">109</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 81.0pt;" valign="top" width="108"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Cobol</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 81.0pt;" valign="top" width="108"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">2</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 4;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .75in;" valign="top" width="72"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">109</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 81.0pt;" valign="top" width="108"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">C++</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 81.0pt;" valign="top" width="108"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">2</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 5;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .75in;" valign="top" width="72"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">120</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 81.0pt;" valign="top" width="108"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Dbase</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 81.0pt;" valign="top" width="108"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">3</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 6;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .75in;" valign="top" width="72"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">120</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 81.0pt;" valign="top" width="108"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Sybase</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 81.0pt;" valign="top" width="108"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">1</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 7; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .75in;" valign="top" width="72"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">120</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 81.0pt;" valign="top" width="108"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Cobol</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 81.0pt;" valign="top" width="108"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">1</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l3 level4 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="height: 53px; left: 0px; margin-left: 40px; margin-top: 18px; mso-ignore: vglayout; position: absolute; width: 76px; z-index: 251666944;">
</span></div>
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td height="53" style="vertical-align: top;" width="76"><span style="left: 0pt; mso-ignore: vglayout; position: absolute; z-index: 251666944;">
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width: 100%px;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td><div class="shape" style="padding: 3.6pt 7.2pt 3.6pt 7.2pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Syarat :</span></div>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</span> </td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Bentuk Normal
3NF</span>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .25in;">
<span style="font-family: "wingdings"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">v<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Berada dalam bentuk normal 2 NF</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .25in;">
<span style="font-family: "wingdings"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">v<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Setiap atribut bukan kunci tidak
memiliki dependensi transitif terhadap kunci primer</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Contoh di atas sudah memenuhi normal
3NF karena : Tidak memiliki dependensi transitif, yaitu</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="height: 12px; left: 0px; margin-left: 83px; margin-top: 3px; mso-ignore: vglayout; position: absolute; width: 39px; z-index: 251667968;"><img height="12" src="file:///C:\Users\HORAS\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image006.gif" width="39" /></span><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">NIP<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>{Nama, Jabatan}</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="height: 12px; left: 0px; margin-left: 141px; margin-top: 1px; mso-ignore: vglayout; position: absolute; width: 39px; z-index: 251668992;"><img height="12" src="file:///C:\Users\HORAS\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image006.gif" width="39" /></span><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">{NIP, Keahlian}<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Lama Kerja</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l3 level4 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Bentuk Normal boyce-codd (BCNF)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Bentuk ini dilakukan jika dan hanya
jika semua penentu (determinan) adalah kunci kandidat (atribut yang bersifat
unik). BCNF merupakan perbaikan dari 3NF. Relasi yang memenuhi BCNF pasti
memenuhi 3NF tetapi tidak sebaliknya. Contoh : Tabel SKT</span></div>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; margin-left: 41.4pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 480; width: 372px;">
<tbody>
<tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;">
<td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.25in;" valign="top" width="120"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Siswa</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 99.0pt;" valign="top" width="132"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Kursus</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.25in;" valign="top" width="120"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Tutor</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 1;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.25in;" valign="top" width="120"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Anwar</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 99.0pt;" valign="top" width="132"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Bhs. Perancis</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.25in;" valign="top" width="120"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Pierre</span><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 2;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.25in;" valign="top" width="120"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Anwar</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 99.0pt;" valign="top" width="132"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Bhs. Inggris</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.25in;" valign="top" width="120"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Richard</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 3;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.25in;" valign="top" width="120"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Budi</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 99.0pt;" valign="top" width="132"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Bhs. Perancis</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.25in;" valign="top" width="120"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Pierre</span><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 4; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.25in;" valign="top" width="120"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Cecep</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 99.0pt;" valign="top" width="132"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Bhs. Inggris</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.25in;" valign="top" width="120"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Suzanne</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Tabel di atas adalah suatu relasi
yang memenuhi 3NF tetapi tidak memenuhi BCNF. Relasi diatas didasarkan oleh
fakta :</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "wingdings"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">v<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Seorang siswa dapat mengambil
sejumlah kursus</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "wingdings"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">v<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Setiap tutor hanya mengajar satu
kursus bahasa</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "wingdings"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">v<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Setiap siswa dalam satu kursus diajar
oleh satu tutor</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "wingdings"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">v<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Suatu kursus bis dipegang oleh
beberapa tutor</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Pada keadaan tersebut di atas dapat
digambarkan sebagai berikut : Siswa & Kursus<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>dan Siswa & Tutor.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Memenuhi bentuk 3NF karena tidak ada dependensi
transitif pada relasi tersebut. Tetapi tidak memenuhi BCNF karena adanya
determinan Tutor yang berdiri sebagai kunci kandidat. Realsi SKT menyebabkan
anomali karena baris Cecep dihapus maka Suzane sebagai tutor jug akan terhapus.
Cara konversi dari 3NF ke BCNF adalah :</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo6; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "wingdings"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">v<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Carilah semua penentu</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo6; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "wingdings"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">v<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Bila terdapat penentu yang bukan
kunci kandidat, maka :</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.5in; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo6; tab-stops: list 1.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "wingdings"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">ü<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Pisahkan relasi tersebut</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.5in; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo6; tab-stops: list 1.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "wingdings"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">ü<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Buat penentu sebagai kunci primer</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.5in; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo6; tab-stops: list 1.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "wingdings"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">ü<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Dekomposisi berupa : ST (Siswa,
Tutor) dan TK (Tutor, Kursus)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.25in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; margin-left: 41.4pt; mso-border-insideh: none; mso-border-insidev: none; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-table-layout-alt: fixed; mso-yfti-tbllook: 480; width: 476px;">
<tbody>
<tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.75in;" valign="top" width="168"><table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-table-layout-alt: fixed; mso-yfti-tbllook: 480; width: 168px;">
<tbody>
<tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;">
<td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 63.0pt;" valign="top" width="84"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Siswa</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 63.0pt;" valign="top" width="84"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Tutor</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 1;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 63.0pt;" valign="top" width="84"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Anwar</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 63.0pt;" valign="top" width="84"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Pierre</span><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 2;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 63.0pt;" valign="top" width="84"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Anwar</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 63.0pt;" valign="top" width="84"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Richard</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 3;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 63.0pt;" valign="top" width="84"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Budi</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 63.0pt;" valign="top" width="84"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Pierre</span><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 4; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 63.0pt;" valign="top" width="84"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Cece</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 63.0pt;" valign="top" width="84"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Suzanne</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 231.1pt;" valign="top" width="308"><table align="left" border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; margin-left: 6.75pt; margin-right: 6.75pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-table-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-table-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-table-layout-alt: fixed; mso-table-left: .3in; mso-table-lspace: 9.0pt; mso-table-rspace: 9.0pt; mso-table-top: 1.85pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 480; width: 168px;">
<tbody>
<tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;">
<td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 63.0pt;" valign="top" width="84"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Tutor</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 63.0pt;" valign="top" width="84"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Kursus</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 1;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 63.0pt;" valign="top" width="84"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Pierre</span><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 63.0pt;" valign="top" width="84"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Bhs.Perancis</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 2;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 63.0pt;" valign="top" width="84"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Richard</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 63.0pt;" valign="top" width="84"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Bhs. Inggris</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 3; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 63.0pt;" valign="top" width="84"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Suzanne</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 63.0pt;" valign="top" width="84"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Bhs. Inggris</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span></span></div>
</div>
jujurhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05687765228352366156noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2068584858024834626.post-84458375216954113522016-04-05T10:39:00.002-07:002016-04-05T10:39:22.684-07:00Normalisasi Data Pembelian Breadtalk<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<br id="docs-internal-guid-7d0551e3-e781-b6e1-8e9b-ba29e89401e3" />
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.3800000000000001; margin-bottom: 10pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 18.666666666666664px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">TUGAS BASIS DATA</span></div>
<br /><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.3800000000000001; margin-bottom: 10pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 18.666666666666664px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Nim </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 18.666666666666664px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 18.666666666666664px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">: 10112672 (Jujur Soaloon)</span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.3800000000000001; margin-bottom: 10pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 18.666666666666664px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Nim</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 18.666666666666664px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 18.666666666666664px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">:10112700 (Andrianto)</span></div>
<br /><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.3800000000000001; margin-bottom: 10pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 18.666666666666664px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Normalisasi Data Pembelian Breadtalk</span></div>
<br /><ul style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.3800000000000001; margin-bottom: 10pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Struk Pembelian Breadtalk (Toko Roti)</span></div>
</li>
</ul>
<br /><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.3800000000000001; margin-bottom: 10pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><img alt="C:\Users\Jus\Pictures\fa.png" height="419" src="https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/SbJeumgDNQkgoYzo5gFiyUXEtzc0Cme9qf0ewBBmJtD1UgYe_19mvOohyZ07oR63VuKjSeVUNcsXY2h_1iacqOsc2S0bFjByT7IppLnMbSQUYeR6RL7eey5qkfTGSaCEA2AlNP1u-l2OqO1-5w" style="-webkit-transform: rotate(0.00rad); border: none; transform: rotate(0.00rad);" width="382" /></span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.3800000000000001; margin-bottom: 10pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.3800000000000001; margin-bottom: 10pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 22.666666666666664px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Studi Kasus</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 22.666666666666664px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><br class="kix-line-break" /></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 22.666666666666664px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Step I Bentuk </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 22.666666666666664px; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Unnormalized</span></div>
<br /><div dir="ltr" style="margin-left: -5.75pt;">
<table style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none;"><colgroup><col width="56"></col><col width="86"></col><col width="98"></col><col width="71"></col><col width="69"></col><col width="68"></col><col width="65"></col><col width="63"></col><col width="63"></col></colgroup><tbody>
<tr style="height: 0px;"><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: middle;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Kode Roti</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: middle;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Nama Roti</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: middle;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Post Pembayaran</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">No Check</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: middle;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Petugas Kasir</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: middle;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Tanggal beli</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: middle;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Banyak</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: middle;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Harga</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: middle;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Total</span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 0px;"><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: middle;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">A44H</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: middle;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Floss n Roll</span></div>
</td><td rowspan="2" style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: middle;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Post1</span></div>
</td><td rowspan="2" style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: middle;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">2274076</span></div>
</td><td rowspan="2" style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: middle;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Novi</span></div>
</td><td rowspan="2" style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: middle;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">08 Feb 14</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: middle;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">1</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: middle;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">10.500</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: middle;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">10.500</span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 0px;"><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: middle;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">A33F</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: middle;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Mushrome Pizza</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: middle;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">1</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: middle;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">10.000</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: middle;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">10.000</span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 0px;"><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: middle;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Q46Z</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: middle;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Butter Sugar</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: middle;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Post2</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: middle;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">2274098</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: middle;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Elisa</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: middle;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">09 Jan 14</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: middle;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">2</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: middle;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">15.000</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: middle;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">30.000</span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 0px;"><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: middle;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">T21O</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: middle;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Fire Floss</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: middle;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Post3</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: middle;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">2274116</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: middle;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Felisaria</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: middle;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">10 Nov 14</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: middle;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">3</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: middle;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">10.000</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: middle;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">30.000</span></div>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<br /><br /><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.3800000000000001; margin-bottom: 10pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 22.666666666666664px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Studi Kasus</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 22.666666666666664px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><br class="kix-line-break" /></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 22.666666666666664px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Step II Bentuk 1</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 13.599999999999998px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: super;">st</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 22.666666666666664px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">NF</span></div>
<br /><div dir="ltr" style="margin-left: -5.75pt;">
<table style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none;"><colgroup><col width="55"></col><col width="88"></col><col width="98"></col><col width="71"></col><col width="68"></col><col width="69"></col><col width="64"></col><col width="62"></col><col width="62"></col></colgroup><tbody>
<tr style="height: 0px;"><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: middle;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Kode Roti</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: middle;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Nama Roti</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: middle;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Post Pembayaran</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">No Check</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: middle;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Petugas Kasir</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: middle;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Tanggal Beli</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: middle;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Banyak</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: middle;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Harga</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: middle;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Total</span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 0px;"><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: middle;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">A44H</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: middle;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Floss n Roll</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: middle;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Post1</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">2274076</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: middle;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Novi</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: middle;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">08 Feb 14</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: middle;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">1</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: middle;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">10.500</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: middle;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">10.500</span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 0px;"><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: middle;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">A33H</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: middle;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Mushrome Pizza</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: middle;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Post1</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">2274076</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: middle;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Novi</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: middle;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">08 Feb 2014</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: middle;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">1</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: middle;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">10.000</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: middle;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">10.000</span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 0px;"><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: middle;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Q46Z</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: middle;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Butter Sugar</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: middle;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Post2</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: middle;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">2274098</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: middle;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Elisa</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: middle;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">09 Jan 14</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: middle;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">2</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: middle;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">15.000</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: middle;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">30.000</span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 0px;"><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: middle;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">T21O</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: middle;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Fire Floss</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: middle;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Post3</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: middle;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">2274116</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: middle;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Felisaria</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: middle;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">10 Nov 14</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: middle;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">3</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: middle;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">10.000</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: middle;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">30.000</span></div>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<br /><br /><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.3800000000000001; margin-bottom: 10pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.3800000000000001; margin-bottom: 10pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 22.666666666666664px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Studi Kasus</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 22.666666666666664px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><br class="kix-line-break" /></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 22.666666666666664px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Step III Bentuk 2</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 13.599999999999998px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: super;">nd</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 22.666666666666664px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">NF</span></div>
<br /><div dir="ltr" style="margin-left: -5.75pt;">
<table style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none;"><colgroup><col width="118"></col><col width="118"></col><col width="118"></col></colgroup><tbody>
<tr style="height: 29px;"><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Post Pembayaran</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Petugas Kasir</span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 29px;"><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Post1</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Novi</span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 29px;"><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Post2</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Elisa</span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 29px;"><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Post3</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Felisaria</span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 31px;"><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Kode Roti</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Nama Roti</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Harga</span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 31px;"><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: middle;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">A44H</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: middle;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Floss n Roll</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: middle;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">10.500</span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 32px;"><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: middle;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">A33H</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: middle;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Mushrome Pizza</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: middle;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">10.000</span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 31px;"><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: middle;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Q46Z</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: middle;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Butter Sugar</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: middle;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">15.000</span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 32px;"><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: middle;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">T21O</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: middle;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Fire Floss</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: middle;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">10.000</span></div>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<br /><br /><div dir="ltr" style="margin-left: -5.75pt;">
<table style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none;"><colgroup><col width="94"></col><col width="91"></col><col width="90"></col><col width="87"></col><col width="87"></col><col width="87"></col><col width="98"></col></colgroup><tbody>
<tr style="height: 17px;"><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">No Check</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: middle;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Tanggal Beli</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: middle;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Banyak</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: middle;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Harga</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: middle;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Total</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: middle;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Kode Roti</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: middle;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Post Pembayaran</span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 17px;"><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">2274076</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: middle;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">08 Feb 14</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: middle;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">1</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: middle;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">10.500</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: middle;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">10.500</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: middle;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">A44H</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: middle;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Post1</span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 19px;"><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">2274076</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: middle;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">08 Feb 14</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: middle;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">1</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: middle;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">10.000</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: middle;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">10.000</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: middle;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">A33H</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: middle;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Post1</span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 17px;"><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: middle;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">2274098</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: middle;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">09 Jan 14</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: middle;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">2</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: middle;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">15.000</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: middle;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">30.000</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: middle;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Q46Z</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: middle;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Post2</span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 19px;"><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: middle;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">2274116</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: middle;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">10 Nov 14</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: middle;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">3</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: middle;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">10.000</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: middle;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">30.000</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: middle;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">T21O</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: middle;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Post3</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="margin-left: -5.75pt;">
<table style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none;"><colgroup><col width="118"></col><col width="118"></col><col width="118"></col></colgroup><tbody>
<tr style="height: 29px;"><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Post Pembayaran</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Petugas Kasir</span></div>
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<tr style="height: 29px;"><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Post1</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Novi</span></div>
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<tr style="height: 29px;"><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Post2</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Elisa</span></div>
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<tr style="height: 29px;"><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Post3</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Felisaria</span></div>
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<tr style="height: 31px;"><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Kode Roti</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Nama Roti</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Harga</span></div>
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<tr style="height: 31px;"><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: middle;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">A44H</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: middle;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Floss n Roll</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: middle;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">10.500</span></div>
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<tr style="height: 32px;"><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: middle;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">A33H</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: middle;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Mushrome Pizza</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: middle;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">10.000</span></div>
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<tr style="height: 31px;"><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: middle;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Q46Z</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: middle;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Butter Sugar</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: middle;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">15.000</span></div>
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<tr style="height: 32px;"><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: middle;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">T21O</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: middle;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Fire Floss</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: middle;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">10.000</span></div>
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</div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.3800000000000001; margin-bottom: 10pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 22.666666666666664px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Studi Kasus</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 22.666666666666664px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><br class="kix-line-break" /></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 22.666666666666664px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Step IV Bentuk 3</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 13.599999999999998px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: super;">rd</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 22.666666666666664px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">NF</span></div>
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<table style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none;"><colgroup><col width="71"></col><col width="66"></col><col width="63"></col><col width="61"></col><col width="61"></col></colgroup><tbody>
<tr style="height: 19px;"><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">No Check</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: middle;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Tanggal Beli</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: middle;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Banyak</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: middle;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Total</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: middle;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Kode Roti</span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 19px;"><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">2274076</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: middle;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">08 Feb 14</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: middle;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">1</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: middle;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">10.500</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: middle;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">A44H</span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 20px;"><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">2274076</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: middle;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">08 Feb 14</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: middle;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">1</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: middle;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">10.000</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: middle;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">A33H</span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 19px;"><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: middle;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">2274098</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: middle;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">09 Jan 14</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: middle;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">2</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: middle;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">30.000</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: middle;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Q46Z</span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 20px;"><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: middle;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">2274116</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: middle;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">10 Nov 14</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: middle;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">3</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: middle;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">30.000</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: middle;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">T21O</span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 17px;"><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">No Check</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: middle;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Banyak</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: middle;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Kode Roti</span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 17px;"><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">2274076</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: middle;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">1</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: middle;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">A44H</span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 19px;"><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">2274076</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: middle;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">1</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: middle;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">A33H</span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 17px;"><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: middle;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">2274098</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: middle;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">2</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: middle;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Q46Z</span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 19px;"><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: middle;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">2274116</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: middle;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">3</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: middle;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">T21O</span></div>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<br /><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.3800000000000001; margin-bottom: 10pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 22.666666666666664px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span></div>
<br /><br /></div>
jujurhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05687765228352366156noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2068584858024834626.post-83375400078383844072016-04-05T10:36:00.004-07:002016-04-05T10:36:51.119-07:00PANCASILA SEBAGAI IDEOLOGI BANGSA<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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mso-tstyle-colband-size:0;
mso-style-noshow:yes;
mso-style-priority:99;
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mso-para-margin-top:0in;
mso-para-margin-right:0in;
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-themecolor: text1;">Kata
Pengantar</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-themecolor: text1;"></span></b></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-themecolor: text1;">Puji dan Syukur atas kehadirat Allah SWT atas Rahmat dan
Petunjuk-Nya sehingga penulis dapat menyelesaikan tugas makalah dengan judul
“PANCASILA SEBAGAI IDEOLOGI BANGSA” yang mana makalah ini disusun bertujuan
untuk memenuhi tugas Pancasila dan Kewarganegaraan.</span></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Makalah<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>ini tentunya memiliki kelebihan dan
kekurangan dalam penyajian data dalam makalah ini. Oleh karena itu, penulis
meminta maaf apabila ada kekurangan dalam makalah ini yang membuat rasa tidak
nyaman di hati.Semoga makalah ini berguna dan dapat menambah pengetahuan bagi
masyarakat dan mahasiswa pada umumnya.</span></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Demikian
makalah ini penulis susun, apabila ada kata-kata yang kurang berkenaan dan
banyak terdapat kekurangan, penulis mohon maaf dan demi kesempurnaan makalah
kami ini, penulis menerima kritik dan saran.</span></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-themecolor: text1;">Daftar
Isi</span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-themecolor: text1;"></span></div>
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<div class="MsoTocHeading" style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 6.0pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;">COVER MAKALAH</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;">
i</span></div>
<div class="MsoTocHeading" style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 6.0pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;">KATA PENGANTAR</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;">
</span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;">i</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;">i</span></div>
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D<span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">AFTAR ISI</span>
ii<span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">i</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">PENDAHULUAN<span style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;">
1</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level2 lfo5; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.1<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span>Latar Belakang
………………………………………………………………………………………………….1</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level2 lfo5; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.2<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span>Rumusan Masalah
…………………………………………………………………………………………….1</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level2 lfo5; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.3<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span>Konsep
Teori……………………………………………………………………………………………………..2</div>
<div class="MsoToc2" style="margin-left: 0in;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">PEMBAHASAN DAN ANALISA
4</span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"></span></div>
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PENUTUP
10</div>
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a. <span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Kesimpulan</span>
10</div>
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<span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">b. Saran</span>
10</div>
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<span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">DAFTAR PUSTAKA</span>
<span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">1</span>1</div>
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</div>
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;"><br clear="all" style="mso-break-type: section-break; page-break-before: always;" />
</span></b>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-themecolor: text1;">Bab I
Pendahuluan</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-themecolor: text1;">1.1 Latar Belakang</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-themecolor: text1;">Sejarah telah mengungkapkan bahwa Pancasila
adalah jiwa seluruh rakyat Indonesia, yang memberi kekuatan hidup kepada bangsa
Indonesia serta membimbingnya dalam mengejar kehidupan lahir batin yang makin
baik, di dalam masyarakat Indonesia yang adil dan makmur</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 150%; mso-themecolor: text1;">. </span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-themecolor: text1;">Pancasila merupakan ideologi yang dimiliki dan dijunjung tinggi oleh
seluruh rakyat Indonesia, bukan milik atau monopoli seseorang ataupun golongan
tertentu. Sebagai filsafat dan dasar Negara maka isi dari Pancasila harus
dilaksanakan dan diamalkan, yang dapat digunakan untuk mewujudkan kenyataan
dalam penyelengaraan hidup kenegaraan kebangsaan dan nilai-nilai luhur yang
terkandung di dalamnya oleh seluruh lapisan warga negara Indonesia dan juga
Pancasila harus selalu menjadi dasar dalam mengatur pemerintahan dan penyelengaraan
negara. Pancasila sebagai dasar Negara memiliki sifat imperatife dan memaksa,
artinya setiap lapisan masyarakat Indonesia harus tunduk, taat dan setia
terhadap Pancasila, kesetiaan maupun ketaatan ini akan semakin kuat apabila
masyarakat dapat mengakui dan meyakini kebenaran, kebaikan dan keunggulan
pancasila, hal ini diharapkan mampu menjadi penyaring untuk menyerap pengaruh
perubahan zaman di era globalisasi ini.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-themecolor: text1;">1.2 Rumusan Masalah</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-themecolor: text1;">Bagaimana
penjabaran pancasila sebagai Ideologi bangsa Indonesia?</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-themecolor: text1;">Bagaimana
Pancasila bisa disebut sebagai Ideologi?</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-themecolor: text1;">Bagaimana
perkembangan dan pengaruh pancasila terhadap kehidupan masyarakat Indonesia?</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-themecolor: text1;">1.3 Konsep
Teori</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-themecolor: text1;">Pengertian
Pancasila</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: .25in;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-themecolor: text1;">Pancasila adalah ideologi dasar bagi negara
Indonesia. Nama ini terdiri dari dua kata dari Sanskerta: pañca berarti lima
dan śīla berarti prinsip atau asas. Pancasila sebagai ideologi bangsa terdapat
dalam Pembukaan UUD 1945 Alinea IV yang secara jelas menyatakan. "Kemudian
daripada itu untuk membentuk suatu pemerintahan negara Indonesia yang
melindungi segenap bangsa Indonesia dan seluruh tumpah darah Indonesia dan
untuk memajukan kesejahteraan umum, mencerdaskan kehidupan bangsa, dan ikut
melaksanakan ketertiban dunia yang berdasarkan kemerdekaan, perdamaian abadi
dan keadilan sosial maka disusunlah kemerdekaan kebangsaan Indonesia itu dalam
suatu Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Indonesia yang berbentuk dalam suatu susunan
negara Republik Indonesia yang berkedaulatan rakyat dengan berdasarkan kepada
Ketuhanan Yang Maha Esa, Kemanusiaan yang adil dan beradab, Persatuan
Indonesia, dan Kerakyatan yang dipimpin oleh hikmat kebijaksanaan dalam
permusyawaratan perwakilan, serta dengan mewujudkan suatu Keadilan sosial bagi
seluruh rakyat Indonesia." </span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-themecolor: text1;">Pengertian
Ideologi</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Ideologi
adalah kumpulan ide atau gagasan.Kata ideologi sendiri diciptakan oleh <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Destutt
de Tracy</i></b> pada akhir abad ke-18 untuk mendefinisikan "sains tentang
ide". Ideologi dapat dianggap sebagai visi yang komprehensif, sebagai cara
memandang segala sesuatu (bandingkan Weltanschauung), secara umum (lihat
Ideologi dalam kehidupan sehari hari) dan beberapa arah filosofis (lihat
Ideologi politis), atau sekelompok ide yang diajukan oleh kelas yang dominan
pada seluruh anggota masyarakat. Tujuan untama di balik ideologi adalah untuk
menawarkan perubahan melalui proses pemikiran normatif. Ideologi adalah sistem
pemikiran abstrak (tidak hanya sekadar pembentukan ide) yang diterapkan pada
masalah publik sehingga membuat konsep ini menjadi inti politik.Secara implisit
setiap pemikiran politik mengikuti sebuah ideologi walaupun tidak diletakkan
sebagai sistem berpikir yang eksplisit.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-themecolor: text1;">Bab II Pembahasan dan Analisa</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 21.3pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">A.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-themecolor: text1;">Penjabaran
pancasila sebagai Ideologi bangsa Indonesia </span></div>
<div style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 17.15pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.3pt; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Pancasila sebagai dasar negara dan pandangan
hidup sekaligus juga sebagai ideologi negara. Sebagai ideologi negara berarti
bahwa pancasila merupakan gagasan dasar yang berkenaan dengan kehidupan negara.
Sebagaimana setiap ideologi memiliki konsep mengenai wujud masyarakat yang di
cita-citakan, begitu juga dengan ideologi pancasila. Masyarakat yang di
cita-citakan dalam ideologi pancasila ialah masyarakat yang dijiwai dan
mencerminkan nilai-nilai dasar yang terkandung dalam pancasila, yaitu
masyarakat yang beriman dan bertakwa kepada Tuhan serta bertoleransi,
menjunjung tiggi nilai-nilai kemanusiaan, masyarakat yang bersatu dalam suasana
perbedaan, berkedaulatan rakyat dengan mengutamakan musyawarah, serta
masyarakat yang berkeadilan sosial. Hal itu berarti bahwa pancasila bukan hanya
sesuatu yang bersifat setatis melandasi berdirinya negara Indonesia, akan
tetapi pancasila juga membawakan gambaran mengenai wujud masyarakat tertentu
yang diinginkan serta prinsip-prinsip dasar yang harus diperjuangkan untuk
mewujudkanya.</span></div>
<div style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 17.15pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.3pt; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Pancasila sebagai ideologi negara membawakan
nilai-nilai tertentu.Oleh karena itu maka ideologi pancasila membawakan
kekhasan tertentu yang membedakannya dengan ideologi lain. Kekhasan itu adalah
keyakinan adanya Tuhan Yang Maha Esa, yang membawa konsekuensi keimanan dan
ketaqwaan terhadap Tuhan Yang Maha Esa. Kemudian juga penghargaan akan harkat
dan martabat kemanusiaan, yang diwujudkan dengan penghargaan terhadap hak azasi
manusia dengan memperhatikan prinsip keseimbangan antara hak dan kewajiban.
Kekhususan yang lain adalah bahwa ideologi pancasila menjunjung tinggi
persatuan bangsa itu diatas kepentingan pribadi, kelompok, atau golongan.
Berikutnya dalah kehidupan bermasyarakat dan bernegara yang didasarkan pada
prinsip demokrasi dengan penentuan keputusan bersama yang diupayakan sejauh
mungkin melalui musyawarah untuk mencapai kata mufakat.Satu hal lagi yaitu
keinginan untuk mewujudkan keadilan dalam kehidupan bersama seluruh masyarakat
Indonesia.</span></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Kalau setiap ideologi mendasarkan diri pada
sistem filsafat tertentu yang berisi pandangan mengenai apa dan siapa manusia,
kebebasan pribadi serta keselarasan hidup bermasyarakat; ideologi pancasila
mendasarkan diri pada sistem pemikiran filsafat pancasila, yang didalamnya juga
mengandung pemikiran mendasar mengenai hal tersebut.</span></div>
<div style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-left: 22.5pt; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -22.5pt; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">B.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Pancasila
disebut sebagai Ideologi</span></div>
<div style="background: white; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.3pt; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Pancasila bisa disebut sebagai Ideologi
karena telah memenuhi 3 aspek yang dimana 3 aspek ini merupakan syarat
Pancasila bisa dianggap sebagai sebuah Ideologi dan ketiga aspek tersebut
adalah sebagai berikut : </span></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Dimensi Realitas, dimana sebuah ideologi mengandung
makna bahwa nilai-nilai dasar yang terkandung di dalamnya bersumber dari
nilai-nilai riil yang hidup dalam masyarakatnya.</span></div>
<div style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-left: 21.3pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Dimensi
Idealitas, dimana suatu ideologi harus mengandung cita-cita yang ingin dicapai
dalam berbagai bidang kehidupan bermasyarakat, berbangsa dan bernegara. Melalui
idealisme atau cita-cita yang terkandung dalam ideologi, suatu masyarakat akan
mampu mengetahui ke mana mereka ingin membangun kehidupan bersama.</span></div>
<div style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-left: 21.3pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Dimensi
Fleksibilitas, dimana sebuah ideologi harus memiliki keluwesan yang
memungkinkan dan bahkan merangsang pengembangan pemikiran baru yang relevan
tanpa menghilangkan atau mengingkari hakikat yang terkandung dalam nilai-nilai
dasarnya.</span></div>
<div style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 17.15pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.3pt; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Berdasarkan pada ketiga dimensi tersebut,
Pancasila jelas memenuhi standar realitas, idealitas dan fleksibilitas, dari
standar realitas kita dapat mengetahui bahwa pancasila memang berasal dari
nilai-nilai yang hidup di masyarakat, dari sila pertama pun kita dapat
mengetahui bahwa masyarakat itu memiliki Tuhan yang harus mereka sembah dan itu
bersifat ril maka dari itu pancasila dapat dikategorikan di dalam standar
realitas. Hal yang sama dapat dilihat dalam dimensi Idealitas dimana dalam
Pembukaan UUD 1945 karena Pembukaan UUD 1945 merupakan perjuangan jiwa
proklamasi, yaitu jiwa Pancasila. Dengan demikian Pancasila merupakan tujuan
dan cita-cita bangsa Indonesia.</span></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Namun hal tersebut tetap bergantung pada
kehadiran beberapa faktor yang salah satunya yaitu kemampuan masyarakat dalam
mengembangkan pemikiran-pemikiran baru yang relevan terhadap ideologinya, serta
menyangkut seberapa jauh nilai-nilai yang terkandung di dalam ideologi tersebut
membudaya dan diamalkan dalam kehidupan bermasyarakat, berbangsa dan bernegara
dengan berbagai dimensinya.</span></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">C.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Perkembangan
dan pengaruh pancasila terhadap kehidupan masyarakat Indonesia</span></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Pancasila sudah mulai dicetuskan oleh para
pemimpin Indonesia terdahulu, sepeti Muhammad Yamin yang berpidato pada tanggal
29 Mei 1945 pada siding BPUPKI. Yamin merumuskan lima dasar sebagai berikut:
Peri Kebangsaan, Peri Kemanusiaan, Peri Ketuhanan, Peri Kerakyatan, dan
Kesejahteraan Rakyat. Dia menyatakan bahwa kelima sila yang dirumuskan itu
berakar pada sejarah, peradaban, agama, dan hidup ketatanegaraan yang telah
lama berkembang di Indonesia. Adapun sang proklamator Indonesia Ir. Soekarno
pada tanggal 1 Juni 1945 dalam pidatonya yang sering disebut “Lahirnya
Pancasila” ia berkata bahwa “<i><span style="background: white;">Sekarang
banyaknya prinsip: kebangsaan, internasionalisme, mufakat, kesejahteraan, dan
ketuhanan, lima bilangannya. Namanya bukan Panca Dharma, tetapi saya namakan
ini dengan petunjuk seorang teman kita ahli bahasa - namanya ialah Pancasila.
Sila artinya azas atau dasar, dan diatas kelima dasar itulah kita mendirikan
negara Indonesia, kekal dan abadi.” </span></i><span style="background: white; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">Pada dasarnya beliau berpendapat bahwa pancasila
itu didasarkan atas beberapa dasar yaitu </span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="background: white; color: #252525; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span></span><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Kebangsaan, Internasionalisme, Mufakat, dasar perwakilan,
dasar permusyawaratan, Kesejahteraan, dan Ketuhanan. </span></div>
<div style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 17.15pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 22.5pt; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Pada zaman orde baru,
pancasila begitu diagung-agungkan oleh presiden saat itu Soeharto bahkan
pancasila digunakan sebagai senjata dalam hal mengontrol perilaku masyarakat. Pancasila
dianggap sebagai sesuatu yang keramat sehingga tidak boleh diutak-atik maupun
ditafsirkan dengan beberapa penafsiran</span><span lang="IN" style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">. S</span><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-themecolor: text1;">eakan-akan ukurannya hanya
satu: sesuatu dianggap benar kalau hal tersebut sesuai dengan keinginan
penguasa, sebaliknya dianggap salah kalau bertentangan dengan kehendaknya.
Sikap politik masyarakat yang kritis dan berbeda pendapat dengan negara dalam
prakteknya malah dengan mudahnya dikriminalisasi. Penanaman nilai-nilai
Pancasila pada saat itu dilakukan tanpa sejalan dengan fakta yang terjadi di
masyarakat, berdasarkan perbuatan<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></span><span lang="IN" style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">p</span><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-themecolor: text1;">emerintah.
Akibatnya, bukan nilai-nilai Pancasila yang meresap ke dalam kehidupan masy</span><span lang="IN" style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">ar</span><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-themecolor: text1;">akat,
tetapi kemunafikan yang tumbuh subur dalam masyarakat. Sebab setiap ungkapan
para pemimpin mengenai nilai-nilai kehidupan tidak disertai dengan keteladanan
serta tindakan yang nyata, sehingga banyak masyarakat<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>pun tidak menerima adanya penataran
yang tidak dibarengi dengan perbuatan<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></span><span lang="IN" style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">p</span><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-themecolor: text1;">emerintah
yang benar-benar pro-rakyat.</span></div>
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<span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Pancasila mulai kembali
dibenahi setelah hancurnya rezim Soeharto yang telah lama menghilangkan
aspek-aspek dan tujuan di bentuknya Pancasila, pada era reformasi ini Pancasila
mulai dibentuk dan diperbaiki fungsinya kembali agar pancasila bisa kembali
menjadi Ideologi bangsa Indonesia yang baik dan benar. </span></div>
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<span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-shading-themecolor: background1; mso-themecolor: text1;">Pancasila
pada saat ini cenderung menjadi lambang dan hanya menjadi formalitas yang
dipaksakan kehadirannya di Indonesia. Kehadiran Pancasila pada saat ini bukan
berasal dari hati nurani bangsa Indoensia. Bukti dari semua itu adalah tidak
aplikatifnya sila-sila yang terkandung pada Pancasila dalam kehidupan
masyarakat Indonesia. Berdasarkan realita yang ada dalam masyarakat, aplikasi
sila-sila Pancasila jauh dari harapan. Banyaknya kerusuhan yang berlatar
belakang SARA (suku, ras, dan antargolongan), adanya pelecehan terhadap hak
azasi manusia, gerakan separatis, lunturnya budaya musyawarah, serta ketidak
adilan dalam masyarakat membuktikan tidak aplikatifnya Pancasila. Adanya hal
seperti ini menjauhkan harapan terbentuknya masyarakat yang sejahtera, aman,
dan cerdas yang diidamkan melalui Pancasila</span><span style="background: #EEEEEE; color: #7a7979;">.</span></div>
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<span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Sejak diresmikannya
Pancasila sampai sekarang, penerapan Pancasila masih jauh dari harapan,
contohnya pergeseran makna Kemanusiaan yang seharusnya difungsikan untuk mewujudkan
kondisi masyarakat yang ideal telah digantikan dengan hilangnya rasa
kemanusiaan dengan banyaknya pelanggaran terhadap hak azasi manusia. Persatuan
yang seharusnya ada sekarang telah berubah menjadi perpecahan. Sementara itu,
keadilan sosial berubah menjadi keserakahan.</span></div>
<div style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 17.15pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 22.5pt; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Selain dari pihak masyarakat
sendiri, pergeseran makna Pancasila juga dilakukan oleh pihak penguasa. Pada masa
tertentu, Pancasila telah dijadikan sebagai alat politik untuk mempermudah
mendapatkan kekuasaan dan juga digunakan untuk memenuhi nafsu para pemimpin
tanpa memikirkan nasib para rakyatnya.</span></div>
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<span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Pancasila sudah semestinya
digunakan untuk kepentingan bersama, oleh karena itu kita sebagai masyarakat
Indonesia hanya bisa memahami dan juga mengamalkan apa yang ada dalam pancasila
dan menggunakanya tanpa harus menggeser makna dari Pancasila itu sendiri.</span></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-themecolor: text1;">BAB III PENUTUP</span></b></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.1<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Kesimpulan</span></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Pancasila merupakan Ideologi bangsa Indonesia
yang telah dicetuskan dan dibentuk oleh pemimpin-pemimpin Indonesia terdahulu.
Pancasila dibentuk sebagai dasar pondasi kehidupan masyarakat Indonesia maupun
dasar dalam pemerintahan Indonesia. Kita sebagai masyarakat Indonesia hanya
bisa mempertahankan dan mengamalkan apa yang ada dalam Pancasila dalam
kehidupan kita sehari-hari agar Pancasila dapat bertahan hingga akhir zaman
nanti.</span></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.2<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Saran</span></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Sebaiknya Pancasila dapat digunakan sebai
pedoman hidup masyarakat Indonesia sehingga timbul rasa toleransi dalam
kehidupan bermasyarakat di Indonesia yang berasal dari agama, ras dan budaya
yang berbeda-beda, serta Pancasila dapat difungsikan sebagai penyelesaian
kasus-kasus hukum yang sering terjadi di Indonesia agar hukum itu benar-benar
adil tidak tumpul ke atas runcing ke bawah.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div align="center" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 17.15pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: center; text-indent: 22.5pt; vertical-align: baseline;">
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<h1 style="background: white; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 3.75pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">
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<br /></div>
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jujurhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05687765228352366156noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2068584858024834626.post-47031158620433781872016-04-05T10:36:00.000-07:002016-04-05T10:36:14.635-07:00ORGANISASI BERKAS SEQUENTIAL<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Pertemuan Ke-4<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>:</span></b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span></span><b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">ORGANISASI
BERKAS SEQUENTIAL</span></b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<h3>
<b>SUB POKOK BAHASAN</b></h3>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo12; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.
<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Media Penyimpanan
Berkas sequential</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo12; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.
<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Pembuatan berkas
sequential</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo12; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.
<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Retrieval berkas
sequential</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo12; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.
<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Update terhadap
berkas sequential</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo12; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5.
<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Berkas turunan</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<h4>
Deskripsi </h4>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; text-indent: -.5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Mahasiswa mengerti tentang organisasi
berkas sequential serta penggunaannya.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<h2>
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">T I K</span></h2>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo13; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.
<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Mahasiswa dapat
menjelaskan cara pembuatan berkas sequential</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo13; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.
<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Mahsiswa dapat
menjelaskan pengertian retrieval berkas sequential dan menyebutkan contohnya</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo13; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.
<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Mahasiswa dapat
menjelaskan pengertian update berkas sequential dan menyebutkan contohnya</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo13; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.
<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Mahasiswa dapat
menjelaskan pengertian berkas turunan</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><br clear="all" style="mso-special-character: line-break; page-break-before: always;" />
</span>
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<h5>
ORGANISASI BERKAS SEKUENTIAL</h5>
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Organisasi berkas sekuensial
adalah merupakan cara yang paling dasar untuk mengorganisasikan kumpulan record
record dalam sebuah berkas .</div>
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<br /></div>
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Dalam organisasi berkas
sekuensial, pada waktu record ini dibuat, record-record direkam secara
berurutan.</div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%;">
Record pertama ditempatkan pada
posisi pertama dalam berkas, record kedua ditempatkan pada posisi kedua dalam
berkas dan seterusnya.</div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%;">
Begitu pula pada waktu
pengaksesan dan pada waktu berkas ini digunakan sebagai input, record-record
harus diakses secara berurutan.</div>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="border-collapse: collapse; margin-left: 45.9pt; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-table-layout-alt: fixed;">
<tbody>
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="mso-ignore: vglayout; position: relative; z-index: 251659776;"><span style="height: 12px; left: 0px; left: 186px; position: absolute; top: -1px; width: 90px;"><img height="12" src="file:///C:\Users\HORAS\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image001.gif" width="90" /></span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Beginning file</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Record 1</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Record 2</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>.</span></div>
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>.</span></div>
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<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 4;">
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<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 130.5pt;" valign="top" width="174">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Record I – 1</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Record I</span></div>
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</td>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 130.5pt;" valign="top" width="174">
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Record I + 1</span></div>
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<td style="padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 85.5pt;" valign="top" width="114">
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<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 130.5pt;" valign="top" width="174">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>.</span></div>
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<td style="padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 85.5pt;" valign="top" width="114">
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<td style="padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 85.5pt;" valign="top" width="114">
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</td>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 130.5pt;" valign="top" width="174">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>.</span></div>
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Record N – 1</span></div>
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<span style="mso-ignore: vglayout; position: relative; z-index: 251660800;"><span style="height: 12px; left: 0px; left: 186px; position: absolute; top: -1px; width: 90px;"><img height="12" src="file:///C:\Users\HORAS\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image002.gif" width="90" /></span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-no-proof: yes;">End of file</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Record N</span></div>
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<h1>
Gambar Struktur Sequential file</h1>
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<span style="mso-ignore: vglayout; position: relative; z-index: 251661790;"><span style="height: 50px; left: 0px; left: 388px; position: absolute; top: -1px; width: 79px;"><img height="50" src="file:///C:\Users\HORAS\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image003.gif" width="79" /></span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 8;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>8<span style="mso-tab-count: 4;"> </span></span></div>
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<span style="height: 50px; left: 0px; margin-left: 349px; margin-top: 9px; mso-ignore: vglayout; position: absolute; width: 79px; z-index: 251662814;"><img height="50" src="file:///C:\Users\HORAS\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image004.gif" width="79" /></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>Input
Record<span style="mso-tab-count: 3;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>5<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
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<span style="height: 40px; left: 0px; margin-left: 311px; margin-top: 11px; mso-ignore: vglayout; position: absolute; width: 79px; z-index: 251663838;"><img height="40" src="file:///C:\Users\HORAS\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image005.gif" width="79" /></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
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<span style="height: 40px; left: 0px; margin-left: 273px; margin-top: 12px; mso-ignore: vglayout; position: absolute; width: 78px; z-index: 251664862;"><img height="40" src="file:///C:\Users\HORAS\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image006.gif" width="78" /></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 6;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>4</span></div>
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<span style="height: 50px; left: 0px; margin-left: 234px; margin-top: 13px; mso-ignore: vglayout; position: absolute; width: 79px; z-index: 251665886;"><img height="50" src="file:///C:\Users\HORAS\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image007.gif" width="79" /></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 3;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>3<span style="mso-tab-count: 3;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>2<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span></span></div>
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<span style="mso-ignore: vglayout;">
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<table align="left" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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<td height="4" width="266"><br /></td>
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<tr>
<td><br /></td>
<td><img height="82" src="file:///C:\Users\HORAS\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image008.gif" width="15" /></td>
</tr>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"> </span>
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<br clear="ALL" style="mso-ignore: vglayout;" />
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<span style="height: 59px; left: 0px; margin-left: 215px; margin-top: 9px; mso-ignore: vglayout; position: absolute; width: 108px; z-index: 251666910;"><img height="59" src="file:///C:\Users\HORAS\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image009.gif" width="108" /></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Program</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="mso-ignore: vglayout;">
</span></div>
<table align="left" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td height="10" width="266"><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><br /></td>
<td><img height="101" src="file:///C:\Users\HORAS\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image010.gif" width="15" /></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"> </span>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<br clear="ALL" style="mso-ignore: vglayout;" />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Sequential file</span></div>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-insideh: .5pt solid windowtext; mso-border-insidev: .5pt solid windowtext; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-table-layout-alt: fixed;">
<tbody>
<tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 73.8pt;" valign="top" width="98">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">2</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 73.8pt;" valign="top" width="98">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">3</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 73.8pt;" valign="top" width="98">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">4</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 73.8pt;" valign="top" width="98">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">5</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 73.8pt;" valign="top" width="98">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">8</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="height: 36px; left: 0px; margin-left: 474px; margin-top: 3px; mso-ignore: vglayout; position: absolute; width: 63px; z-index: 251667968;"><img height="36" src="file:///C:\Users\HORAS\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image011.gif" width="63" /></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 6;"> </span>New
Record Added Here <span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-insideh: .5pt solid windowtext; mso-border-insidev: .5pt solid windowtext; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-table-layout-alt: fixed;">
<tbody>
<tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 73.8pt;" valign="top" width="98">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">2</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 73.8pt;" valign="top" width="98">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">3</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 73.8pt;" valign="top" width="98">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">4</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 73.8pt;" valign="top" width="98">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">5</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 73.8pt;" valign="top" width="98">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">8</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #B2B2B2; border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-pattern: gray-30 auto; mso-shading: white; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 73.8pt;" valign="top" width="98">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%;">
Jadi dalam organisasi berkas
sekuensial, bukan berarti bahwa record-record tersebut disimpan dalam urutan
numerik .</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Jika kita ingin
menambahkan suatu record pada berkas sekuensial, maka record tersebut akan
tercetak pada <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">akhir berkas</b> .</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Organisasi berkas sekuensial dapat terdiri dari
record-record yang berbeda jenis </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<h2>
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Contoh </span></h2>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Dalam sistem penggajian terpadu<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>( intergrated personnel-payroll system)
mempunyai<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>subuah berkas pegawai (
employee file ) yang terdiri dari dua jenis record yaitu : </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Personnel record
dan payroll record .</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoBodyText">
Record-record pada berkas tersebut tidak memerlukan format
dan ukuran yang sama </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Pada contoh tersebut ,berkas disortir berdasarkan : EMP-NO ,
REC – TYPE .</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<h4>
<span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Proses</span></h4>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%;">
Karena record-record dalam
organisasi berkas sekuensial harus diakses secara berurutan, maka berkas
sekuensial lebih sering menggunakan batch processing dari pada interactive
processing </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<h2>
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Keuntungan dan
keterbatasan </span></h2>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%;">
Adapun keuntungan utama dari
teknik organisasi berkas sekuensial adalah kemampuan untuk mengakses record
berikutnya secara cepat .</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Sedangkan
keterbatasan dari organisasi berkas sekuensial adalah kita tidak dapat
mengakses langsung pada record yang diinginkan .</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<h2>
POLA<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>AKSES </h2>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Pola akses adalah
penentuan akses berdasarkan field tertentu .</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Selama pola akses,
berkas sekuensial dapat dipasangkan dengan record-record yang sudah diurut pada
berkas, maka waktu aksesnya sangat baik .</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%;">
Jadi kita harus menentukan pola
akses terlebih dahulu, kemudian baru menentukan organisasi berkas sekuensial
berdasarkan urutan yang sesuai dengan pola aksesnya , jangan sebaliknya .</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<h2>
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">CONTOH</span></h2>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%;">
Berkas gaji yang disusun secara
sequential berdasarkan NIP, hendak diakses berdasarkan NAMA, maka program tidak
baik .</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Juga tidak baik mengakses record dengan urutan sebagai
berikut<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>: </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>NIP ; 15024508 ,NIP ;
15024607</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>NIP : 15024115 ,NIP :
15028001</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Dimana NIP tersebut belum tersortir </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<h2>
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Media penyimpanan
berkas sequensial </span></h2>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%;">
Berkas sequential dapat disimpan
dalam SASD seperti maknetic tape atau pada DASD seperti maknetic disk .</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Beberapa alasan untuk menyimpan berkas sequential pada DASD
: </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Pada umumnya komputer dihubungkan dengan sedikit tape drive
sehingga tidak cukup untuk menunjang program aplikasi yang banyak membutuhkan
berkas sequential .</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Contoh : </span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%;">
Jika 3 berkas sequential seperti
master file, transaction file dan updata master file yang digunakan oleh sebuah
program, karena hanya ada 2 tape drive, maka salah satu dari ketiga berkas
tersebut<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>disimpan dalam disk .</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Sistem yang dikonfigurasikan untuk fungsi berkas tertentu,
selalu disimpan dalam disk .</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<h2>
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Contoh </span></h2>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%;">
Printer hanya dapat menerima
semua berkas yang akan dicetak, bila terlebih dahulu berkas tersebut disimpan
dalam disk.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Jadi bila kita ingin membuat
sebuah berkas laporan maka harus ditetukan dari disk ke printer. Karakteristik
lalu lintas saluran dan kapasitas saluran pada sistem dapat dibuat menguntungkan
dengan cara memisahkan berkas-berkas dalam media penyimpanan .</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<h4>
<span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Contoh </span></h4>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%;">
Sebuah sistem akan
dikonfigurasikan dengan 2 tape drive pada satu saluran dan 2 disk drive pada
saluran lain.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Jika volume data besar
yang dihasilkan oleh sebuah program dari 2 berkas sequential maka akan
menguntungkan bila berkas berkas tersebut diletakan pada peralatan yang
salurannya digunakan bersama sama .</div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<h2>
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Pembuatan Berkas
Sequential </span></h2>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Pembuatan berkas
sequential meliputi penulisan record-record dalam serangkaian yang diinginkan
pada media penyimpanan .</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Pembuatan berkas
transaksi sequential meliputi tugas tugas<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>;</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: list .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Pengumpulan data </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: list .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Perubahan data dalam bentuk bahasa yand dapat dibaca oleh
mesin .</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: list .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Pengeditan data </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: list .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Pemeriksaan transaksi yang ditolak </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: list .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Penyortiran edit data </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<h2>
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Pembuatan Berkas
Laporan </span></h2>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Dalam Pembuatan
berkas laporan sequential dikenal 3 jenis record<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>: </span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: list .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">¨<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Header record </span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%;">
Mencakup report header page
header dan group header Dikenal sebagai informasi pengenal<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>( identifying information ) .</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo6; tab-stops: list .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">¨<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Detail record </span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Mencakup isi laporan yang umumnya disusun dalam kolom .</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo7; tab-stops: list .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">¨<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Footer record </span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%;">
Mencakup report footer page
footer dan group footer Dikenal sebagai informasi ringkasan<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>( Summary information ) .</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<h2>
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Rietrieval
Terhadap Berkas Sequential </span></h2>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Record pada berkas
sequential diretrieve secara berurutan, urutan dimana<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>record tersebut ditulis pada berkas
menentukan urutan dimana record tersebut didapat kembali.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Retrieve dari sebuah berkas dapat dibagi 2 yaitu<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><b>report generation</b> dan <b>inquiry .</b>
</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Pada umumnya bekas
sequential diakses dalam model report generation .karena record-record harus
diakses secara berurutan, tentunya lebih efisien mengakses setiap record dari
berkas tersebut.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%;">
Inquiry dari berkas sequential
mengalami hambatan karena organisasi berkas ini memerlukan pengaksesan record
secara satu persatu namun ada inquiry yang memerlukan pengaksesan semua record
dari berkas </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Contoh<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>:</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo8; tab-stops: list .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">¨<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Beberapa jumlah mahasiswa yang berumur diatas 20 tahun ?</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo8; tab-stops: list .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">¨<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Berapa jumlah pegawai yang mempunyai gaji dibawah Rp
1.000.000.-?</span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<h2>
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Hit Ratio </span></h2>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%;">
Banyaknya record yang harus
diakses untuk mendapatkan informasi yang diinginkan dibagi dengan banyaknya
record dalam berkas tersebut. </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Contoh :</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%;">
Inquiry NPM : 0028907 memerlukan
pengaksesan record sebanyak 10 dari 100 record yang ada dalam berkas mahasiswa
.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>10 </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="height: 2px; left: 0px; margin-left: 196px; margin-top: 12px; mso-ignore: vglayout; position: absolute; width: 31px; z-index: 251641344;"><img height="2" src="file:///C:\Users\HORAS\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image012.gif" width="31" /></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Hit<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Ratio<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>=<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>=<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>0.1</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>100<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo9; tab-stops: list .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">¨<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Semakin rendah hit ratio semakin tidak baik bila menggunakan
organisasi sequential</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo9; tab-stops: list .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">¨<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Semakin tinggi hit ratio semakin baik bila menggunakan
organisasi sequential. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<h2>
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Update terhadap
berkas sequntial </span></h2>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Telah kita ketahui
bahwa master file berisi data yang relatif tetap tetapi kadang kadang kita
perlu mengadakan perubahan pada berkas tersebut .</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Hal ini kita sebut
sebagai <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">proses update</b> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Frekuensi dimana
sebuah master file harus diupdata bergantung pada faktor faktor : </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo10; tab-stops: list .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">Ø<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Tingkat perubahan
data </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo10; tab-stops: list .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">Ø<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Ukuran dari master
file </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo10; tab-stops: list .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">Ø<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Kebutuhan yang
mendesak dari data yang sedang berjalan pada master file </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo10; tab-stops: list .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">Ø<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">File activity
ratio </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<h2>
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">File Activity
ratio</span></h2>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%;">
Banyaknya record pada master file
yang diupdata dibagi dengan banyaknya record pada master file .</div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Contoh<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>: </span></b></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><b>Transaction file<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Master File </b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">101<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Bimo<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>75<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>101 Bimo je.A<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>50</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">102 <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Amalia <span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>70<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>103 seno je.C<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>30</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">103<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Seno<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>60<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>104 Henni je
Z<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>50</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>105 Pandu je.D 70</span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="height: 2px; left: 0px; margin-left: 167px; margin-top: 16px; mso-ignore: vglayout; position: absolute; width: 40px; z-index: 251642368;"><img height="2" src="file:///C:\Users\HORAS\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image013.gif" width="40" /></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">File Activity Ratio<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>1+1= 0.5</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>4</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Semakin tinggi file activity ratio, semakin lama proses
peng-update-an master file</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Semakin tinggi kebutuhan akan data yang baru pada master
file, maka semakin sering file tersebut diakses.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Semakin sering master file diupdate, semakin tinggi biaya
pemrosesannya. </span></div>
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
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<div class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%;">
Kebanyakan berkas sequential
tidak dapat diupdate<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>langsung ditempat,
karena untuk mengupdate biasanya diperlukan berkas baru sebagai pengganti
berkas lama.</div>
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><br clear="all" style="mso-special-character: line-break; page-break-before: always;" />
</span>
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<div class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%;">
Dibawah ini akan ditunjukkan
gambar system flow diagram untuk meng-up-date sebuah berkas sequential.</div>
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<span style="mso-ignore: vglayout;">
</span></div>
<table align="left" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td height="17" width="388"><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><br /></td>
<td><img height="69" src="file:///C:\Users\HORAS\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image014.gif" width="79" /></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"> </span>
<br clear="ALL" style="mso-ignore: vglayout;" />
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<span style="height: 69px; left: 0px; margin-left: 100px; margin-top: 8px; mso-ignore: vglayout; position: absolute; width: 79px; z-index: 251643392;"><img height="69" src="file:///C:\Users\HORAS\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image015.gif" width="79" /></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 10;"> </span>Old</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Sorted<span style="mso-tab-count: 10;"> </span>Master</span></div>
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<span style="height: 121px; left: 0px; margin-left: 478px; margin-top: 6px; mso-ignore: vglayout; position: absolute; width: 113px; z-index: 251654656;"><img height="121" src="file:///C:\Users\HORAS\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image016.gif" width="113" /></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Transactions</span></div>
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<span style="mso-ignore: vglayout;">
</span></div>
<table align="left" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td height="10" width="148"><br /></td>
<td width="64"><br /></td>
<td width="114"><br /></td>
<td width="93"><br /></td>
<td width="142"><br /></td>
<td width="25"><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="19"><br /></td>
<td colspan="2"><br /></td>
<td align="left" rowspan="4" valign="top"><img height="93" src="file:///C:\Users\HORAS\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image017.gif" width="93" /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="23"><br /></td>
<td align="left" rowspan="2" valign="top"><img height="73" src="file:///C:\Users\HORAS\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image018.gif" width="64" /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="50"><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td align="left" rowspan="3" valign="top"><img alt="Next Cycle" height="105" src="file:///C:\Users\HORAS\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image019.gif" width="25" /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="1"><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="54"><br /></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"> </span>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<br clear="ALL" style="mso-ignore: vglayout;" />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="height: 137px; left: 0px; margin-left: 474px; margin-top: 14px; mso-ignore: vglayout; position: absolute; width: 117px; z-index: 251655680;"><img height="137" src="file:///C:\Users\HORAS\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image020.gif" width="117" /></span><span style="height: 69px; left: 0px; margin-left: 205px; margin-top: 5px; mso-ignore: vglayout; position: absolute; width: 127px; z-index: 251645440;"><img height="69" src="file:///C:\Users\HORAS\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image021.gif" width="127" /></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 11;"> </span></span></div>
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<span style="mso-ignore: vglayout;">
</span></div>
<table align="left" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td height="16" width="100"><br /></td>
<td width="107"><br /></td>
<td width="28"><br /></td>
<td width="33"><br /></td>
<td width="12"><br /></td>
<td width="20"><br /></td>
<td width="30"><br /></td>
<td width="140"><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="22"><br /></td>
<td colspan="2"><br /></td>
<td align="left" colspan="3" valign="top"><img alt="UPDATE" height="22" src="file:///C:\Users\HORAS\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image022.gif" width="65" /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="15"><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="79"><br /></td>
<td align="left" rowspan="3" valign="top"><img height="135" src="file:///C:\Users\HORAS\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image023.gif" width="107" /></td>
<td colspan="2"><br /></td>
<td align="left" valign="top"><img height="79" src="file:///C:\Users\HORAS\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image024.gif" width="12" /></td>
<td colspan="2"><br /></td>
<td align="left" rowspan="2" valign="top"><img height="83" src="file:///C:\Users\HORAS\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image025.gif" width="140" /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="4"><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="52"><br /></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"> </span>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<br clear="ALL" style="mso-ignore: vglayout;" />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="height: 70px; left: 0px; margin-left: 426px; margin-top: 1px; mso-ignore: vglayout; position: absolute; width: 79px; z-index: 251648512;"><img height="70" src="file:///C:\Users\HORAS\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image026.gif" width="79" /></span><span style="height: 79px; left: 0px; margin-left: 225px; margin-top: 1px; mso-ignore: vglayout; position: absolute; width: 126px; z-index: 251647488;"><img height="79" src="file:///C:\Users\HORAS\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image027.gif" width="126" /></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Rejected<span style="mso-tab-count: 10;"> </span>New</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="height: 28px; left: 0px; margin-left: 254px; margin-top: 3px; mso-ignore: vglayout; position: absolute; width: 63px; z-index: 251656704;"><img alt="Report" height="28" src="file:///C:\Users\HORAS\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image028.gif" width="63" /></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Transaction<span style="mso-tab-count: 9;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Master</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<h4>
Generation File</h4>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%;">
Selama next cycle pada proses
update, new master file yang sekarang akan menjadi old master file.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Menjadi banyaknya master file inilah yang
disebut sebagai Generation file.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>File
yang mempunyai nama yang sama, tetapi berbeda nomor generasinya.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Jika old master sekarang merupakan generasi 1
maka new master berikutnya merupakan generasi 2 new master pada next cycle
menjadi generasi 3 dst</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><br clear="all" style="mso-special-character: line-break; page-break-before: always;" />
</span>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<h4>
<span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Jenis update </span></h4>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Ada</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"> 3 jenis update yang dapat dilaksanakan
pada master file : </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Insert a new record </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Delete an existing record</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Modify an existing record </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<h2>
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Menangani
Kesalahan </span></h2>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Dalam pelaksanaan update dapat ditemukan beberapa kesalahan
,seperti<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>: </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Insert record that already exists</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Delete a record that does not exist</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Modify a record that does not exist</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Contoh : </span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<h2>
<span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Master File<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Trans –Type </span></h2>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">101<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>101<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>1</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">102<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>103<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>2<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span><span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>1 : Delete</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">103<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>105<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>1<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>2
: Insert</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">104<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>107<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>3<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>3
: Modify</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 202.5pt; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo11; tab-stops: list 2.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -60.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">101<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">2</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1.5in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">1</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="height: 2px; left: 0px; margin-left: 138px; margin-top: 4px; mso-ignore: vglayout; position: absolute; width: 21px; z-index: 251671040;"><img height="2" src="file:///C:\Users\HORAS\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image029.gif" width="21" /></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">File activity ratio :<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>4</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><br clear="all" style="mso-special-character: line-break; page-break-before: always;" />
</span>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<h2>
<span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Contoh </span></h2>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Sebuah master file berisi 10 record.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Transaksi yang akan diproses adalah sebagai
berikut :</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="border-collapse: collapse; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-table-layout-alt: fixed;">
<tbody>
<tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;">
<td style="padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 110.7pt;" valign="top" width="148">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 110.7pt;" valign="top" width="148">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Rec-Id</span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 110.7pt;" valign="top" width="148">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Trans – Type</span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 110.7pt;" valign="top" width="148">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 1;">
<td style="padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 110.7pt;" valign="top" width="148">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 110.7pt;" valign="top" width="148">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">111</span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 110.7pt;" valign="top" width="148">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">2</span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 110.7pt;" valign="top" width="148">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 2;">
<td style="padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 110.7pt;" valign="top" width="148">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 110.7pt;" valign="top" width="148">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">111</span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 110.7pt;" valign="top" width="148">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">1</span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 110.7pt;" valign="top" width="148">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 3;">
<td style="padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 110.7pt;" valign="top" width="148">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 110.7pt;" valign="top" width="148">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">96</span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 110.7pt;" valign="top" width="148">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">3</span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 110.7pt;" valign="top" width="148">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 4;">
<td style="padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 110.7pt;" valign="top" width="148">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 110.7pt;" valign="top" width="148">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">400</span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 110.7pt;" valign="top" width="148">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">1</span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 110.7pt;" valign="top" width="148">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">1 : Insert</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 5;">
<td style="padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 110.7pt;" valign="top" width="148">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 110.7pt;" valign="top" width="148">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">96</span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 110.7pt;" valign="top" width="148">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">1</span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 110.7pt;" valign="top" width="148">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">2 : Delete</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 6;">
<td style="padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 110.7pt;" valign="top" width="148">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 110.7pt;" valign="top" width="148">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">111</span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 110.7pt;" valign="top" width="148">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">2</span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 110.7pt;" valign="top" width="148">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">3 : Modify</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 7;">
<td style="padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 110.7pt;" valign="top" width="148">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 110.7pt;" valign="top" width="148">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">400</span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 110.7pt;" valign="top" width="148">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">3</span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 110.7pt;" valign="top" width="148">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 8;">
<td style="padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 110.7pt;" valign="top" width="148">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 110.7pt;" valign="top" width="148">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">342</span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 110.7pt;" valign="top" width="148">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">3</span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 110.7pt;" valign="top" width="148">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 9; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 110.7pt;" valign="top" width="148">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 110.7pt;" valign="top" width="148">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">96</span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 110.7pt;" valign="top" width="148">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">2</span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 110.7pt;" valign="top" width="148">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 7;"> </span>4</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="height: 2px; left: 0px; margin-left: 330px; margin-top: 11px; mso-ignore: vglayout; position: absolute; width: 31px; z-index: 251672064;"><img height="2" src="file:///C:\Users\HORAS\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image030.gif" width="31" /></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 3;"> </span>File
activity ratio<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>= <span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 7;"> </span>10</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<h2>
<span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">DEKLARASI BERKAS SEQUENTIAL DALAM
BAHASA COBOL</span></h2>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="height: 38px; left: 0px; margin-left: 191px; margin-top: 26px; mso-ignore: vglayout; position: absolute; width: 14px; z-index: 251673088;"><img height="38" src="file:///C:\Users\HORAS\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image031.gif" width="14" /></span><span style="height: 38px; left: 0px; margin-left: 251px; margin-top: 26px; mso-ignore: vglayout; position: absolute; width: 14px; z-index: 251674112;"><img height="38" src="file:///C:\Users\HORAS\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image032.gif" width="14" /></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">SELECT [OPTIONAL] filename ASSIGN TO
[implementor-name] …</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>[ RESERVE
integer<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>AREAS<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>]</span></div>
<h6 style="line-height: normal;">
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>AREA<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></h6>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">[ ORGANIZATION<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>is<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>SEQUENTIAL ]</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>[ ACCESS MODE<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>is<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>SEQUENTIAL ]</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
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jujurhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05687765228352366156noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2068584858024834626.post-60638513678005773412016-04-05T10:33:00.002-07:002016-04-05T10:33:06.495-07:00 OPERASI FILE<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 5"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 5"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 5"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 6"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 6"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="42" Name="Plain Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="43" Name="Plain Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="44" Name="Plain Table 4"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51" Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 4"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46" Name="List Table 1 Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51" Name="List Table 6 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52" Name="List Table 7 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 6"/>
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<![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 10]>
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<![endif]-->
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">:: OPERASI FILE ::</span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .25in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">v<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">KONSEP
DASAR</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level4 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Bahasa
C mendukung penyimpanan dan pembacaan data dari sebuah file.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level4 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">File: </span></b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">sembarang sumber untuk
penyimpanan/pembacaan data, mencakup keyboard, layar/monitor, printer, file
pada disk, dsb.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level4 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Pengaksesan
file pada C menggunakan konsep <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">stream</b>.
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Stream </b>merupakan penghubung antara
programmer dengan <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">file</b>.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level4 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Sebuah
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">stream </b>terhubung dengan file melalui
operasi <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">open</b> dan terputus dari file
melalui operasi <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">close</b>.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level4 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Ada</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"> dua tipe <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">stream</b>: <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">text </b>(untuk tipe
data karakter) dan <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">biner </b>(untuk
sembarang tipe data).</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .25in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">v<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">PERINTAH
MEMBUKA FILE DAN MENGHUBUNGKANNYA DENGAN STREAM dengan </span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New";">fopen
</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">(library </span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New";">stdio.h</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">) DAN MENUTUPNYA DENGAN </span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New";">fclose</span></b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New";">FILE *fopen(char *nama_file,
char *mode)</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New";">FILE *fclose(FILE
*pointer_file)</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Mode
merupakan cara pengaksesan file. Berikut daftar mode yang dapat digunakan:</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in;">
<br /></div>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; margin-left: 23.4pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 480;">
<tbody>
<tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;">
<td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 117.0pt;" valign="top" width="156">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Mode</span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 5.25in;" valign="top" width="504">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Arti</span></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 1;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 117.0pt;" valign="top" width="156">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">r</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 5.25in;" valign="top" width="504">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Membuka
sebuah file teks untuk pembacaan</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 2;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 117.0pt;" valign="top" width="156">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">w</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 5.25in;" valign="top" width="504">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Membuat
sebuah file teks untuk penulisan</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 3;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 117.0pt;" valign="top" width="156">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">a</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 5.25in;" valign="top" width="504">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Menambahkan
data ke sebuah file teks</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 4;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 117.0pt;" valign="top" width="156">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">rb</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 5.25in;" valign="top" width="504">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Membuka
sebuah file binary untuk pembacaan</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 5;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 117.0pt;" valign="top" width="156">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">wb</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 5.25in;" valign="top" width="504">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Membuat
sebuah file binary untuk penulisan</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 6;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 117.0pt;" valign="top" width="156">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">ab</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 5.25in;" valign="top" width="504">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Menambahkan
data ke sebuah file binary</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 7;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 117.0pt;" valign="top" width="156">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">r+</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 5.25in;" valign="top" width="504">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Membuka
sebuah file teks untuk pembacaan/penulisan</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 8;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 117.0pt;" valign="top" width="156">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">w+</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 5.25in;" valign="top" width="504">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Membuat
sebuah file teks untuk pembacaan/penulisan</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 9;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 117.0pt;" valign="top" width="156">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">a+</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 5.25in;" valign="top" width="504">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Menambahkan
data/membuat file teks untuk pembacaan/penulisan</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 10;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 117.0pt;" valign="top" width="156">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">r+b atau rb+</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 5.25in;" valign="top" width="504">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Membuka
sebuah file binary untuk pembacaan/penulisan</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 11;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 117.0pt;" valign="top" width="156">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">w+b atau wb+</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 5.25in;" valign="top" width="504">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Membuat
sebuah file binary untuk pembacaan/penulisan</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 12; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 117.0pt;" valign="top" width="156">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">a+b atau ab+</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 5.25in;" valign="top" width="504">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Menambahkan
data ke file binary untuk pembacaan/penulisan</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level4 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Jika
operasi open berhasil, </span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New";">fopen() </span></b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">mengembalikan sebuah <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">file
pointer</b></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New";"> </span></b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">yang
valid.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level4 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Jika
operasi gagal, maka </span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New";">fopen()</span></b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">mengembalikan sebuah <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">null
pointer</b>, sehingga harus selalu dicek pada saat pembukaan file. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Contoh:</b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="border: solid windowtext 1.5pt; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; mso-element: para-border-div; padding: 1.0pt 4.0pt 1.0pt 4.0pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="border: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 4.0pt 1.0pt 4.0pt; padding: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"><span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Courier New";">FILE *fp;</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="border: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 4.0pt 1.0pt 4.0pt; padding: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>if((fp=fopen(“fileku.txt”,”r”)==NULL)
{</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="border: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 4.0pt 1.0pt 4.0pt; padding: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-tab-count: 3;"> </span>printf(“Error
dalam pembukaan file\n”);</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="border: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 4.0pt 1.0pt 4.0pt; padding: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-tab-count: 3;"> </span>exit(1);</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="border: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 4.0pt 1.0pt 4.0pt; padding: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>}</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="border: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 4.0pt 1.0pt 4.0pt; padding: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>fclose(fp);<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>//menutup stream file</span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .25in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">v<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">FUNGSI
UNTUK OPERASI FILE TEKS</span></b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level4 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New";">fgetc() </span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">dan </span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New";">fputc()</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Sintaks:</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>int fgetc(FILE *fp);</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>int fputc(int ch, FILE *fp);</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><br clear="all" style="page-break-before: always;" />
</span>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Contoh:</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="border: solid windowtext 1.5pt; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; mso-element: para-border-div; padding: 1.0pt 4.0pt 1.0pt 4.0pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="border: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 4.0pt 1.0pt 4.0pt; padding: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New";">#include <stdio.h></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="border: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 4.0pt 1.0pt 4.0pt; padding: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New";">#include <stdlib.h></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="border: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 4.0pt 1.0pt 4.0pt; padding: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="border: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 4.0pt 1.0pt 4.0pt; padding: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New";">void main()</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="border: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 4.0pt 1.0pt 4.0pt; padding: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New";">{</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="border: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 4.0pt 1.0pt 4.0pt; padding: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>FILE *fp;</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="border: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 4.0pt 1.0pt 4.0pt; padding: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>int i;</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="border: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 4.0pt 1.0pt 4.0pt; padding: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>int ch;</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="border: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 4.0pt 1.0pt 4.0pt; padding: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>fp = fopen("foo.abc",
"w");//buka file foo.abc untuk ditulisi</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="border: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 4.0pt 1.0pt 4.0pt; padding: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>for (i=0;i<10;i++)
{<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>//loop untuk meletakkan karakter2</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="border: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 4.0pt 1.0pt 4.0pt; padding: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>fputc('A',fp);<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>//menuliskan karakter A</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="border: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 4.0pt 1.0pt 4.0pt; padding: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>fputc('\n',fp);<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>//menuliskan pergantian baris</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="border: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 4.0pt 1.0pt 4.0pt; padding: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>}</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="border: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 4.0pt 1.0pt 4.0pt; padding: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>fclose(fp);</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="border: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 4.0pt 1.0pt 4.0pt; padding: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="border: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 4.0pt 1.0pt 4.0pt; padding: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>if((fp =
fopen("foo.abc", "r"))==NULL) {</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="border: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 4.0pt 1.0pt 4.0pt; padding: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>printf("Error
reading file...\n");</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="border: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 4.0pt 1.0pt 4.0pt; padding: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>exit(1);</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="border: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 4.0pt 1.0pt 4.0pt; padding: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>}</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="border: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 4.0pt 1.0pt 4.0pt; padding: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>while (ch!=EOF) {<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>//baca file sampai tanda EOF (End of File)<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>ch=fgetc(fp);<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>//ambil satu karakter</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="border: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 4.0pt 1.0pt 4.0pt; padding: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>putchar(ch);<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>//menampilkan karakter ke layar</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="border: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 4.0pt 1.0pt 4.0pt; padding: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>}</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="border: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 4.0pt 1.0pt 4.0pt; padding: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="border: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 4.0pt 1.0pt 4.0pt; padding: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>fclose(fp);<span style="mso-tab-count: 3;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="border: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 4.0pt 1.0pt 4.0pt; padding: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New";">}</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level4 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New";">fgets() </span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">dan</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New";">
fputs()</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Sintaks:</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>int fputs(char *str, FILE *fp);</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>char *fgets(char *str, int num, FILE *fp);</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Contoh:</span></div>
<div style="border: solid windowtext 1.5pt; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; mso-element: para-border-div; padding: 1.0pt 4.0pt 1.0pt 4.0pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="border: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 4.0pt 1.0pt 4.0pt; padding: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New";">#include <stdio.h></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="border: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 4.0pt 1.0pt 4.0pt; padding: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New";">#include <stdlib.h></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="border: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 4.0pt 1.0pt 4.0pt; padding: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="border: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 4.0pt 1.0pt 4.0pt; padding: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New";">void main()</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="border: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 4.0pt 1.0pt 4.0pt; padding: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New";">{</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="border: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 4.0pt 1.0pt 4.0pt; padding: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>FILE *fp;</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="border: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 4.0pt 1.0pt 4.0pt; padding: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>char ch[14];</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="border: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 4.0pt 1.0pt 4.0pt; padding: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>fp =
fopen("foo.abc", "w");//buka file foo.abc untuk ditulisi</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="border: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 4.0pt 1.0pt 4.0pt; padding: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>fputs("String Contoh",fp);//menuliskan
string</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="border: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 4.0pt 1.0pt 4.0pt; padding: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>fclose(fp);</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="border: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 4.0pt 1.0pt 4.0pt; padding: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="border: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 4.0pt 1.0pt 4.0pt; padding: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>if((fp =
fopen("foo.abc", "r"))==NULL) {</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="border: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 4.0pt 1.0pt 4.0pt; padding: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>printf("Error
reading file...\n");</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="border: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 4.0pt 1.0pt 4.0pt; padding: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>exit(1);</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="border: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 4.0pt 1.0pt 4.0pt; padding: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>}</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="border: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 4.0pt 1.0pt 4.0pt; padding: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>puts(fgets(ch,sizeof(ch),fp));//cetak
string di foo ke layar</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="border: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 4.0pt 1.0pt 4.0pt; padding: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="border: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 4.0pt 1.0pt 4.0pt; padding: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>fclose(fp);<span style="mso-tab-count: 3;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="border: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 4.0pt 1.0pt 4.0pt; padding: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New";">}</span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><br clear="all" style="page-break-before: always;" />
</span></b>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level4 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New";">fscanf() </span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">dan</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New";">
fprintf()</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 63.0pt; mso-list: l1 level3 lfo1; tab-stops: list 63.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">§<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Mirip
dengan sintaks </span><span style="font-family: "Courier New";">scanf() </span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">dan<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span></span><span style="font-family: "Courier New";">printf()</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 63.0pt; mso-list: l1 level3 lfo1; tab-stops: list 63.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">§<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Dapat
digunakan untuk sembarang file (tidak hanya monitor/layar)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 63.0pt; mso-list: l1 level3 lfo1; tab-stops: list 63.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">§<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Dapat
menggunakan format data</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Sintaks:</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>int fprintf(FILE *fp, const char *format,
…);</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>int fscanf(FILE *fp, const char *format,
…);</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Contoh:</span></div>
<div style="border: solid windowtext 1.5pt; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; mso-element: para-border-div; padding: 1.0pt 4.0pt 1.0pt 4.0pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="border: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 4.0pt 1.0pt 4.0pt; padding: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New";">#include <stdio.h></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="border: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 4.0pt 1.0pt 4.0pt; padding: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New";">#include <stdlib.h></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="border: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 4.0pt 1.0pt 4.0pt; padding: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="border: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 4.0pt 1.0pt 4.0pt; padding: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New";">void main()</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="border: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 4.0pt 1.0pt 4.0pt; padding: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New";">{</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="border: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 4.0pt 1.0pt 4.0pt; padding: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>FILE *fp;</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="border: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 4.0pt 1.0pt 4.0pt; padding: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>int i;</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="border: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 4.0pt 1.0pt 4.0pt; padding: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>char x[100];</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="border: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 4.0pt 1.0pt 4.0pt; padding: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>fp =
fopen("foo.abc", "w");<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>//buka file foo.abc untuk ditulisi</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="border: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 4.0pt 1.0pt 4.0pt; padding: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>fprintf(fp,
"\nSample Code\n\n");<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>//menuliskan sesuatu</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="border: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 4.0pt 1.0pt 4.0pt; padding: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>for (i = 1; i <= 10
; i++) {</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="border: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 4.0pt 1.0pt 4.0pt; padding: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>fprintf(fp,
"i = %d\n", i);</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="border: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 4.0pt 1.0pt 4.0pt; padding: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>}</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="border: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 4.0pt 1.0pt 4.0pt; padding: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>fclose(fp);<span style="mso-tab-count: 3;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="border: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 4.0pt 1.0pt 4.0pt; padding: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="border: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 4.0pt 1.0pt 4.0pt; padding: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>if((fp=fopen("foo.abc","r"))==NULL)
{</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="border: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 4.0pt 1.0pt 4.0pt; padding: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>printf("Error
membuka file\n");</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="border: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 4.0pt 1.0pt 4.0pt; padding: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>exit(1);</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="border: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 4.0pt 1.0pt 4.0pt; padding: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>}</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="border: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 4.0pt 1.0pt 4.0pt; padding: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>while(!feof(fp)) {</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="border: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 4.0pt 1.0pt 4.0pt; padding: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>fscanf(fp,"%s",&x);</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="border: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 4.0pt 1.0pt 4.0pt; padding: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>puts(x);</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="border: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 4.0pt 1.0pt 4.0pt; padding: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>}</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="border: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 4.0pt 1.0pt 4.0pt; padding: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>fclose(fp);</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="border: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 4.0pt 1.0pt 4.0pt; padding: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New";">}</span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level4 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New";">fread() dan fwrite()</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">§<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Untuk
membaca dan menulis blok data (mis. Karakter, integer, structure, dll)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">§<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Untuk
dapat menggunakan </span><span style="font-family: "Courier New";">fwrite()</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">, file harus dibuka dengan tambahan
opsi “b” (binary)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">§<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Sintaks:
<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New";">fwrite(void *buffer, int
b_byte, int c, file *fp);</span></b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1.5in; text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New";">fread(void
*buffer, int b_byte, int c, file *fp);</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">§<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Keterangan:</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .75in; text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">buffer
<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span></b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">: pointer ke area di memori yang menampung data yg akan
dibaca ke file</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .75in; text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">b_byte</span></b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"> <span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>:
banyaknya byte data yang akan dibaca/tulis (dapat menggunakan </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .25in;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></b><span style="font-family: "Courier New";">sizeof(buffer)</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">)</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">c<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span></b>:
banyaknya blok data yang akan dibaca/ditulis</span></div>
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</span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">fp<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span></b>: pointer ke file</span></div>
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jujurhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05687765228352366156noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2068584858024834626.post-57981095364427067452016-04-05T10:32:00.002-07:002016-04-05T10:32:08.201-07:00SIKLUS INSTRUKSI DALAM SEBUAH KOMPUTER<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<div dir="ltr" id="docs-internal-guid-5fac52b8-e77b-1f12-9860-1f6b5588dc3f" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 17.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><br /></span></div>
<br /><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 17.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><img height="322" src="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/62ptchZU4P4CRkmpOVX8OjWqPfoglz5sc04BHx_wdvrSx2Ztn8MR43R8p9D9AMSy7l9iuCUlcCiMTTzQxGQXQ7lmWEgjpntrYVV9WhSFO7-_Kqki2j4QZo-7Dd1UWszuidiuej70FaUjxWYj9w" style="-webkit-transform: rotate(0.00rad); border: none; transform: rotate(0.00rad);" width="282" /></span></div>
<br /><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 15.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Fungsi dasar yang dibentuk komputer adalah eksekusi program. Program yang akan dieksekusi berisi sejumlah instruksi yang tersimpan di dalam memori. CPU melakukan tugas ini dengan cara mengeksekusi suatu program. Pandangan paling sederhana tentang hal ini adalah dengan mengambil pengolahan instruksi yang terdiri dari dua langkah: instruksi (fetch) CPU dari memori pada suatu saat, kemudian CPU mengeksekusi setiap instruksi. Eksekusi program terdiri dari proses pengulangan fetch dan eksekusi instruksi. Tentu saja, eksekusi sebuah instruksi sendiri dapat terdiri sejumlah langkah. Pada tahap ini, kita dapat membagi pengolahan instruksi menjadi dua tahap, fetch dan eksekusi seperti berikut: fetch instruksi adalah operasi umum bagi setiap instruksi, dan terdiri dari pembacaan instruksi dari suatu lokasi di dalam memori. Eksekusi instruksi dapat melibatkan sejumlah operasi dan tergantung pada sifat-sifat instruksi. Pengolahan yang diperlukan untuk instruksi tunggal disebut siklus instruksi. Kedua langkah itu berkaitan dengan siklus fetch dan siklus eksekusi. Eksekusi program akan terhenti apabila mesin dimatikan, terjadi kesalahan, atau terdapat instruksi program yang menghentikan komputer.</span></div>
<br /><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 15.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Pada awal siklus instruksi, CPU membaca instruksi dari memori. Pada CPU yang umum, suatu register yang disebut program counter (PC) dipakai untuk mengawasi instruksi yang akan dibaca selanjutnya. Dengan tidak ada perkecualian tertentu, CPU selalu menambahkan PC setiap kali membaca instruksi, sehingga CPU akan membaca instruksi selanjutnya secara berurutan yaitu instruksi yang terletak pada alamat yang lebih tinggi berikutnya di dalam memori. Instruksi yang dibaca akan dimuatkan ke dalam sebuah register di dalam CPU yang dikenal sebagai instruction register (IR). Instruksi berbentuk kode biner yang menentukan apa yang perlu dilakukan oleh CPU. CPU menginterprestasikan instruksi dan melakukan aksi yang diperlukan.</span></div>
<br /><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 17.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">BUS</span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 15.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Bus merupakan lintasan komunikasi yang menghubungkan dua atau lebih perangkat. Karakteristik penting sebuah bus adalah bahwa bus merupakan media transmisi yang dapat digunakan bersama. Sejumlah perangkat yang terhubung ke bus, dan suatu signal yang ditransmisikan oleh salah satu perangkat ini dapat diterima oleh salah satu perangkat yang yang terhubung ke bus. Bila dua buah perangkat melakukan transmisi dalam waktu yang bersamaan, maka signal-signalnya akan bertumpang tindih dan menjadi rusak. Dengan demikian, hanya sebuah perangkat saja yang akan berhasil melakukan transmisi pada suatu saat tertentu.</span></div>
<br /><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 15.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Fungsi dari tiap-tiap bus adalah sebagai berikut:</span></div>
<ol style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 15.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: decimal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 15.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Bus data</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 15.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> berfungsi sebagai jalan data dari satu komponen ke komponen lain. Bus data dapat terdiri dari 8, 16, dan 32 jalur paralel atau lebih. Karena data yang dikirim berupa data digital yang satu word-nya (kata-nya) minimal mempunyai lebar 8 bit (BInary digiT), maka paling tidak terdapat delapan jalur paralel untuk melewatkan satu word tiap pengiriman. Jumlah jalur bus data ditentukan oleh mikroprosesor sehingga memori dan port harus mempunyai jumlah jalur bus yang dapat disesuaikan. Arah aliran data dari satu komponen ke komponen lain dalam sistem biasanya bolak-balik (bidirectional), kecuali yang berhubungan dengan ROM. Arah alirannya dari ROM ke komponen lain karena ROM hanya dapat dibaca saja. Contoh : bila bus data lebarnya 8 bit, dan setiap instruksi panjangnya 16 bit, maka CPU harus dua kali mengakses modul memori dalam setiap siklus instruksinya.</span></div>
</li>
<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 15.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: decimal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 15.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Bus alamat</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 15.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> digunakan oleh mikroprosesor untuk memilih lokasi memori atau port yang akan ditulis atau dibaca. Proses pemilihan lokasi ini dilakukan terlebih dahulu sebelum data ditulis atau dibaca dari memori atau port. Semua memori dan port dibagi menjadi kapling-kapling yang ditandai dengan alamat-alamat tersendiri. Tiap alamat hanya dimiliki oleh satu kapling sehingga jika pemilihan alamatnya benar, data akan dikirim ke/diambil dari alamat memori atau port yang sesuai. Aliran data alamat yang dikirim hanya satu arah (unidirectional), yaitu dari mikroprosesor ke memori atau port. Contoh : pada bus 8 bit, alamat 01111111 dan dibawahnya dapat mereferensi lokasi-lokasi di dalam modul memori (modul 0) dengan 128 word memori, dan alamat 10000000 dan di atasnya berkaitan dengan perangkat-perangkat yang terhubung ke sebuah modul I/O (modul 1).</span></div>
</li>
<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 15.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: decimal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 15.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Bus kontrol</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 15.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> digunakan mikroprosesor antara lain untuk mengatur memori atau port agar siap ditulis atau dibaca. Bus kontrol juga digunakan memori atau port untuk memberi tahu kesiapan mereka menerima/mengirim data ke mikroprosesor. Karena kedua fungsi ini, maka bus kontrol terdiri dari beberapa jalur unidirectional dengan arah keluar mikroprosesor dan beberapa jalur unidirectional dengan arah masuk ke mikroprosesor.</span></div>
</li>
</ol>
<br /><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 15.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Referensi :</span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 15.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Stallings,William.2003.Organisasi dan Arsitektur Komputer.Jakarta:Gramedia</span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: justify;">
<a href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:73H72cfnoMcJ:didoe.files.wordpres" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: blue; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 15.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:73H72cfnoMcJ:didoe.files.wordpres</span></a><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 15.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">s.com/2008/03/kenalan-dengan-otakkomputer.doc+fungsi+bus&cd=7&hl=id&ct=clnk&gl=id</span></div>
</div>
jujurhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05687765228352366156noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2068584858024834626.post-37959884245595964652016-04-05T10:31:00.002-07:002016-04-05T10:31:06.119-07:00Sistem Bus <div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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</span></span></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Pengertian
Sistem Bus </b></div>
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System bus atau bus sistem, dalam
arsitektur komputer merujuk pada bus yang digunakan oleh sistem komputer untuk
menghubungkan semua komponennya dalam menjalankan tugasnya. Sebuah bus adalah
sebutan untuk jalur di mana data dapat mengalir dalam komputer. Jalur-jalur ini
digunakan untuk komunikasi dan dapat dibuat antara dua elemen atau lebih. Data
atau program yang tersimpan dalam memori dapat diakses dan dieksekusi oleh CPU
melalui perantara sistem bus.Suatu Komputer tersusun atas beberapa komponen
penting seperti CPU, memori, perangkat Input/Output. setiap computer saling
berhubungan membentuk kesatuan fungsi. Sistem bus adalah penghubung bagi
keseluruhan komponen computer dalam menjalankan tugasnya. Transfer data antar
komponen komputer sangatlah mendominasi kerja suatu computer. Data atau program
yang tersimpan dalam memori dapat diakses dan dieksekusi CPU melalui perantara
bus, begitu juga kita dapat melihat hasil eksekusi melalui monitor juga
menggunakan system bus.</div>
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<span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">Ø<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Cara Kerja Sistem Bus</b></div>
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Pada sistem komputer yang lebih
maju, arsitektur komputernya<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>akan<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>lebih kompleks, sehingga untuk
meningkatkan<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>performa, digunakan beberapa
buah bus. Tiap bus merupakan jalur data antara beberapa device yang berbeda.
Dengan cara ini RAM, Prosesor, GPU (VGA AGP) dihubungkan oleh bus utama
berkecepatan tinggi yang lebih dikenal dengan nama FSB (Front Side Bus) .
Sementara perangkat lain yang lebih lambat dihubungkan oleh bus yang
berkecepatan lebih rendah yang terhubung dengan bus lain yang lebih cepat
sampai ke bus utama. Untuk komunikasi antar bus ini digunakan sebuah bridge.</div>
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<span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">Ø<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Pengertian Interrupt</b></div>
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Interupsi adalah suatu permintaan khusus pada microprocessor untuk
melakukan sesuatu, jika terjadi interupsi maka computer akan menghentikan
dahulu apa yang sedang dikerjakan dan melakukan apa yang diminta oleh yang
menginterupsi.Interrupt merupakan sub rutin yang sudah tersedia dalam memori
computer.</div>
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jujurhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05687765228352366156noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2068584858024834626.post-32105306576955008962016-04-05T10:30:00.002-07:002016-04-05T10:30:29.756-07:00KOMPONEN - KOMPONEN KOMPUTER BESERTA ARTI DAN FUNGSINYA <div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<div dir="ltr" id="docs-internal-guid-774e66e7-e779-971f-6ee0-e943a488fb66" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 14pt; margin-top: 5pt;">
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: blue; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><img alt="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhcLfHK9vIfg_tGX7i8NBP9qXh5ThDTu-N3r_1tWywk5gqiPjXzBMr6Fui1upqCOrbkOgjxpCbg2nilZ3Hc_hTX1vSEWlsd-P0KcCoI1IORqXK1Xhl7O2gHyvg1Smek8fo7Zp5ToSWZkFM/s1600/Untitled.jpg" height="277" src="https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/K6MCizL7GWOFO6E1UT-69A48wDfVuktb0PuNbve9P-4EMUqZSqUW4-SWEF9mBVdjCf6Ejx_awdAhbmpNQ34n6ALh-6cWr6WJ4k5CKQJZ_Q3rZK0l_khntbGDJ0kYADqo5c0y9fcC-1CgBpkLSQ" style="-webkit-transform: rotate(0.00rad); border: none; transform: rotate(0.00rad);" width="304" /></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Central Processing Unit (CPU) merupakan komponen terpenting dari sistem computer, komponen pengolah data berdasarkan instruksi yang diberikan kepadanya. Dalam mewujudkan fungsi dan tugasnya CPU tersusun atas beberapa komponen.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Beberapa fungsi CPU seperti yang tersebut di atas dijalankan oleh bagian-bagian yang berbeda. Dalam hal ini, bagian-bagian prosesor atau CPU komputer adalah:</span></div>
<ul style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 14pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">ALU (</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Arithmetic Logic Unit</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">)</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">, yaitu bagian CPU yang dapat melakukan perthitungan terhadap data-data dalam bentuk bilangan dan membuat keputusan logis berdasarkan perhitungan tersebut.</span></div>
</li>
<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Register</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">, yaitu tempat atau lokasi memori khusus untuk menyimpan informasi sementara waktu.</span></div>
</li>
<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Unit Pengatur Program</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">, yaitu bagian yang dapat melakukan pengaturan terhadap program-program komputer.</span></div>
</li>
<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Bus</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">, yaitu bagian yang berfungsi untuk membawa informasi-informasi digital.</span></div>
</li>
<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 14pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Memori Lokal</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">, yaitu bagian penyimpanan pada CPU.</span></div>
</li>
</ul>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Sementara itu, untuk CPU atau prosesor yang lebih rumit dan canggih terdapat bagian yang disebut </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Cache Memory</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">,</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> yaitu</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">bagian CPU yang dirancang untuk mempercepat akses data dari dan ke peralatan penyimpanan data luar (</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">external data-storage device</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">).</span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Pada dasarnya, fungsi dari masing-masing bagian CPU tersebut didukung dan diatur oleh sejumlah perintah </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">software</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> yang masuk ke dalam memori komputer (RAM). Secara sederhana, alur kerja komputer yang melibatkan fungsi CPU dapat dijelaskan sebagai berikut.</span></div>
<ul style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 14pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Data masuk ke dalam komputer melalui perangkat masukan, seperti </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">keyboard, mouse, </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">dan lain-lain.</span></div>
</li>
<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Data mengalir menuju ke memori komputer melalui CPU melalui kabel antarmuka (</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">interface</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">) dan kembali ke CPU.</span></div>
</li>
<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Data yang kembali ke CPU dari RAM diterjemahkan oleh unit pengolahan yang disebut dekoder perintah yang kemudian diteruskan pada bagian ALU untuk mengalami proses selanjutnya dan disimpan dalam register.</span></div>
</li>
<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 14pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Data yang telah diolah dalam ALU dapat dikirim kembali ke memori atau disimpan pada register yang lain untuk penggunaan tertentu, misalnya diakses melalui perangkat keluaran.</span></div>
</li>
</ul>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">CPU merupakan hal terpenting dalam komputer itu sendiri, sebenarnya komputer itu sendiri identik dihubungkan dengan CPU itu tersendiri, dan di dalam CPU itu sendiri terdapat bagian/komponen lainnya sebagai berikut :</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">1.1 Motherboard</span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: blue; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><img alt="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgUmWzpnBrUMg7TQzwLW1HawqZymdFWgTm8XOBRpx96y6_hcx5rKMd3cb694qYYp7QzrYgf4mmDGoeF2oz4NWqKHvgaazNkPYn_7lhxZXGH-46hOlY6mAZkHzN8OZCP3m_TJ-OGaXyaM3U/s1600/Untitled.jpg" height="188" src="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/C5Sq6_amgGs1fnlrbwvbFOiNqhjARcF_EyrqsLhPWktNU2nc4UGJODBT8T00h7v4H7iE1mtC8DQtKnbxYQejsjcHdx4BhGiXAhzElax497asD1sNaJ32w1c1f78tKR7WqyJvBIpfytmHKaNLwg" style="-webkit-transform: rotate(0.00rad); border: none; transform: rotate(0.00rad);" width="268" /></span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><br class="kix-line-break" /></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Motherboard berbentuk suatu papan yang terdiri dari beberapa komponen elektronik lagi yang memiliki fungsi mereka tersendiri. Semua perangkat komputer yang penting sebagian besar diletakkan disini, seperti </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Processor, RAM, VGA Card, LAN Card, dsb</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">.</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><br class="kix-line-break" /></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Jika ingin melihat motherboard ini secara langsung dapat dilihat apabila kita sudah membuka chasing/penutup dari komputer kita.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">1.2 Processor</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: blue; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><img alt="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhgsSjvUXOdqq_s-3_nKnjxyf3iD1JARlyRfw5PpyPmX_RzrlWHf02_7fSHZOl9SVlg8fBbluKUT5o7ANBTeqHd9Xv-oRG767bC3MEil-T0hOY1gz7oMC4tQinHWyRn9KaJNXoQxR5hM-Q/s320/Untitled.jpg" height="271" src="https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/j-bDEMCBKZFaEQLgvjYcrM-nO1BAV_tqYwXTz6D0fvFAOfFvmw9a2e1rOlZyL-yFmmwEjzvbMaMwG9S6P-7WH_KuFZM6sLYUgNffM-KPAdQzzvIkrzXiasysOj0kHwQLOqXq9J-Z4eJUTedBJw" style="-webkit-transform: rotate(0.00rad); border: none; transform: rotate(0.00rad);" width="320" /></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Processor atau yang biasa disebut sebagai </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">otak komputer</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> merupakan bagian terpenting dari sebuah komputer, bentuknya memang cukup kecil tetapi bisa melakukan banyak proses secara bersamaan (multitasking), pada gambar diatas emrupakan salah satu contoh processor yang sudah ada pada jaman sekarang.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">1.3 RAM (Random Access Memory)</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: blue; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><img alt="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjt82opu51rUTO9quAB1F6lOc13XsM_uVjdDyTKMCp4XCGrh3x4WRwktrgQDU_WYowGWmQlKoIp_DclohyphenhyphenloOHOcHpSnWZawVzgJJvP-Mmy9pm_2lqdRslEw8ePcqc8PeEOc4MSmsZPZxo/s320/Untitled.jpg" height="300" src="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/HFS1lYW18KwVTUdfeU2ybZfIJJPuZFcswbePPkwoBXtpKzt9uvJB4Vd3komRC2AEbc8Z6G1MMsL0-M7KAXpYUXU1ZtRiGxCrupAnGZjkDllUBVqHdbc98Be3Qdfd0vY7fOFen4gmv5cvQvyj8w" style="-webkit-transform: rotate(0.00rad); border: none; transform: rotate(0.00rad);" width="320" /></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><br class="kix-line-break" /></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Memory adalah perangkat yang berfungsi mengolah data atau intruksi. Semakin besar memori yang disediakan, semakin banyak data maupun intruksi yang dapat mengolahnya. RAM adalah sebuah perangkat yang berfungsi untuk menyimpan data. RAM bersifat sementara atau data yang tersimpan dapat dihapus.lain halnya dengan ROM.ROM mempunyai fungsi yang sama dengan RAM tetapi ROM bersifat permanen atau data yang tersimpan tidak dapat dihapus.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">JENIS-JENIS RAM :</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">SRAM</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">(Static Random Access Memory)</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">RAM yang digunakan sebagai memori tambahan yang tersembunyi.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">EDORAM ( Extended Data Out Dynamic Random Accses Memory )</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Yaitu, RAM yang kepingannya terdiri dari 72 pin dan umumnya pada PC yang menggunakan prosesor intel Pentium 1 dan AMD ke- 5 dan ke- 6.RAM jenis ini harus dipasang pada socketnya dalam jumlah genap ( minimal terdiri dari 2 keping ).Dan memiliki Bus Speed sebesar 66 Mhz atau PC 66.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">SDRAM ( Synchronous Random Acces Memory )</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">RAM yang kemampuan kecepatannya lebih cepat daripada EDORAM dan kepingannya terdiri dari 168 pin.PC denganprosesor intel Pentium 1, Pentium II, Pentium III, AMD ke- 5, AMD ke- 6, AMD ke- 7.Dengan memiliki Bus Speed sebesar 66 Mhz ( PC 66 Mhz ) dan PC 100 Mhz.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">DDRAM ( Double Data Rate Random Acces Memory )</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">RAM yang hampir sama dengan SDRAM, namun memiliki kemampuan kerja yang lebih tinggi.Dengan Bus Speed sebesar 133 Mhz atau PC 133 Mhz.Umumnya digunakan pada PC dengan prosesorintel Pentium III, Pentium IV, AMD Duron, AMD Athlon.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">RDRAM ( Rambus Dynamic Random Acces Memory )</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">RAM yang menggunakan RIMM ( Rambus In Line Memory Module ) sebagai socketnya dengan ukuran yang lebih kecil dari DIMM ( Socket yang digunakan untuk SDRAM dan DDRAM ).Dengan Bus Speed sebesar 800 Mhz.Umumnya digunakan pada PC dengan prosesor intel Pentium 1.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">VGRAM ( Video Graphic Random Acces Memory )</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">RAM yang digunakan secara khusus pada video adapter atau video card.Yang berfungsi untuk mendukung video adapter dalam menghasilkan tampilan proses yang sedang atau yang telah berlangsung pada computer.Besarnya kapasitas VGRAM akan menentukan kualitas gambar atau tampilan yang dihasilakan oleh video adapter tersebut.</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><br class="kix-line-break" /></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">1.4 Hardisk</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: blue; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><img alt="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjMz5c7HRsMzsPtvbNdVU6jKZ_vYZcS_dHj9SqDrzk1xt02-P3Z9U_g640x0nIRYzBx52VGSUZ4grcH6fQbWJhfNasJ21rKAogYEAErGrjE2qW_XxTNNartzjMjS-fQp4dzntKdyfPyS3c/s1600/Untitled.jpg" height="225" src="https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/9JQpBL4nOrsIAsD-jlUVt4WZHUHcF7R0aXvF84XcN-3Mx5w2Gp7MiSIfV0GDIbNplikReQ7bgBBYZ--Q7LR2t2FojH0KGy0Mr-NmMVyDksHphtEBg1ZRb6F8errwL_R2Un8Jz4c3ZS6cD3-BEQ" style="-webkit-transform: rotate(0.00rad); border: none; transform: rotate(0.00rad);" width="225" /></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><br class="kix-line-break" /></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Pada gambar diatas merupakan salah satu contoh Hardisk, hardisk berisikan perangkat elektronik yang berupa lempengan dimana yang mempunyai fungsi untuk menyimpan banyak file pada komputer. Semakin besar hardisk yang kita punya, maka semakin banyak juga file yang dapat kita simpan pada komputer. Kapasitas Hardisk juga bermacam-macam, baik dari 20GB, 40GB, 80GB, bahkan sampai mencapai TerraByte.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">1.5 Power Supply</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: blue; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><img alt="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj5evXw6ocbXZ48HQk2TnIZrMdxsseAC3WjHYAnVunzlVXnGRspG7GMBDMTZ4M-xdHL98ldnG_ENFav4J63TOUzIH81RwydFm12Lzc8WZW6NQN305ZxHUHY-L3Pd9H7ZDs5L-cpnRl9x10/s320/Untitled.jpg" height="196" src="https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/LhQWO-DF-0VA7cYHfaCT38mrGEe25kZjxjnL5uNxGoAkNpAoJLvHfjfKa6Dr3k2Ai3NmAuMIDV8q8LJ1XWuVGUGheqS4roed-d0PrQhs8J7vBGo8ZID9ZDmXpGwZmp_fmfB6u3Tv-4xNhscIYw" style="-webkit-transform: rotate(0.00rad); border: none; transform: rotate(0.00rad);" width="320" /></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><br class="kix-line-break" /></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Power Supply merupakan bagian penting juga dari sebuah komputer. Fungsinya adalah untuk memberikan supply listrik ke komponen komputer yang lainnya, sebagai contoh adalah supply listrik untuk motherboard, hardisk, CD-ROM, dll. Jika tidak memiliki </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Power Supply</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> ini maka sebuah komputer tidak dapat beroperasi.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">1.6 CD-ROM/DVD-ROM/CD-RW/DVD-RW</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: blue; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><img alt="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh3kLdWCtIesSofDAAR67YgR9XJw_peB7basRMCE-akfndqAUYxPYZF6W6Wd-3yk-Q00CXWVmSg9q1D8TkxeDy2AfksAvl3lT3W7xC7WK6ChbEpHo7TUQ3xl-xC00eb9OgZvGFxHUcTnFk/s1600/Untitled.jpg" height="256" src="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/Zwrlrd67cp-OY159LD8xdVmrV4g_QBVhkhwnw7kX3jdkgYRJn4jGyuwcaQnJyXvNxQkZ9vCgH0r4DcqryXfyNpquRzCAiexCKR83zmgiNOxhnOD3qGbrgAwzMewl5kDdC0EOZRcw9e3HMnwHiw" style="-webkit-transform: rotate(0.00rad); border: none; transform: rotate(0.00rad);" width="256" /></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><br class="kix-line-break" /></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">CD ROM mempunyai fungsi untuk meyimpan/membaca file yang ada pada CD. Ini merupakan pilihan tersendiri untuk user jika ingin memakai CD-ROM di dalam komputernya. CD ROM hanya untuk dapat membaca CD, sedangkan kalau ingin burning (copy file ke CD), kita harus memiliki CD-RW (Read/Write). Dapat dilihat pada gambar diatas contoh dari CD-ROM.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">1.7 Kabel Data</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: blue; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><img alt="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg_SEX8JGVRMp3LpEIhhD5zu2e1HJAviwVBrK5b4I4ZfS2nuF-XpQoyN7bNrGr_pui_c9sBrtlRy6vAlmYpMI3E4xLg92wzKWoiFDGENIjOtxcMduxwDj0GJghm63TLfr7XhMl_1Q1M8xE/s320/Untitled.jpg" height="250" src="https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/5B7q_WRjDVzwDlJY2-S7dL1b7FStG3um9Wk1nK5GYyyjBWlwU__u3UKsrBFyyS6hzDpdcMMU8iRaXFq-EvzxiTI1NYBKxpxJG4A_iXjhvXW2ouKQuG3NBRePv_BLAeaj59iYHeTmmInk5apEqw" style="-webkit-transform: rotate(0.00rad); border: none; transform: rotate(0.00rad);" width="320" /></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Kabel data mempunyai fungsi penting juga yakni untuk menghubungkan 1 komponen komputer dengan komponen lainnya, sebagai contoh kabel data ini dapat menghubungkan antara motherboard dan hardisk, tujuannya adalah Hardisk kita dapat terbaca dan melewati sistem yang ada pada motherboard.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">1.8 VGA Card</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: blue; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><img alt="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgSHLZnHYeuLJ24LWxdikbhQlSHNknC7Bukiue861UOXdjidKO1ebyyiKcCIwjLrMgGpI8VPaWQhUiaNzjZfCewmUHrn4FcS7hjgnmVOztg-5ssKCaA8NtvjRMLchhVj91puMYmxA_58JM/s320/Untitled.jpg" height="256" src="https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/Qhaezn9194BGF4DZbMGFKPsuKQUw-5otxovRQ3vzClwvAqzZBgPIeXiC0rfUkxHcWYz4zX61jKSxEsVd8zJJZ0P_Fv6UWTr9VylwkkmTQVA927GItE6Jrczg-BdSXPbZXwwc_ynxwGm2Eo1rdQ" style="-webkit-transform: rotate(0.00rad); border: none; transform: rotate(0.00rad);" width="320" /></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">VGA Card sangat penting untuk memberikan grafis pada komputer kita, sebagai contoh adalah monitor kita, kualitas gambar yang ditampilkan di monitor sangat berpengaruh pada VGA Card kita, semakin bagus VGA Card yang kita punya, maka semakin halus dan bagus gambar yang ditampilkan di komputer.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">1.9 LAN Card (Local Area Network)</span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: blue; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><img alt="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiovZofYUUnee9YJcsdZ2cdRAUexy1VL2STX5YII9mRcUTpXaAic7N82q-vIJxak3-Yc-yl9l239Y5BYTptmbfQtLpwUhsu_ApRtFWL-RrfiazCQKWFJdRwbZyeoFfTixBi_o24_4BEapI/s320/Untitled.jpg" height="320" src="https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/_9-6D2ThlutziFYqXiUH1RtQ5YJjc8wXHgc1LYRolTz98dqoEE_bcy2ZgcAZVfdkFlHT_lPnX8YGN4bPRTKwpreQ9GZkVFTvFa1GgwOnk1_16fXU74jSjkJASN-clnS2if0a-tGc48_b7Pu0Jg" style="-webkit-transform: rotate(0.00rad); border: none; transform: rotate(0.00rad);" width="310" /></span></div>
<br /><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">LAN Card mempunyai fungsi sebagai penghubung antara komputer 1 dengan komputer yang lainnya, selama kita mempunyai LAN Card ini sangat memungkinkan kita dapat terhubung dengan internet (tentunya jika kita mempunyai jaringan ADSL) ataupun bisa terkoneksi dengan komputer yang lainnya (jika terhubung ke dalam HUB/Switch).</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">1.10 Kabel UTP</span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: blue; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><img alt="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi0Isbto7Xe04fJrgvPpNiKBO9gKKcuU5xVebUnIGZfH0CYhyphenhyphenlP_uDWEzUxZbGa3vuCq9Dzg3Jo7GlO1mPe_WqMPQaovzIG-rHQ_oh85OKpioEgT_KWbIJoGKKhD8oY26QBxlNeVdCVIgg/s320/Untitled.jpg" height="240" src="https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/tDl_vLf3O3nZH-Cz8h3B84pwDUoBCMaXYdbrxLbj19dLTbLrX5f9da0mQzZa_iCawykciG0oMeDPIP3HNIvtZTBUw2YoiCk5hbZ797K-doGRElAdD5LUQTY04X11svrQB0rKisTQ3dgFh3yWng" style="-webkit-transform: rotate(0.00rad); border: none; transform: rotate(0.00rad);" width="320" /></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><br class="kix-line-break" /></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Kabel UTP mempunyai fungsi untuk menghubungkan komputer 1 dengan komputer lainnya, jika kita memiliki LAN Card, tapi tidak memiliki kabel UTP maka sangatlah mustahil kita dapat melakukan koneksi antara 1 komputer dengan komputer yang lainnya.</span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><br class="kix-line-break" /></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">1.11 KEYBOARD</span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: blue; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><img alt="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjtfYDpHKMNLtiSj9V7m8AjSPueR0Yu37Nyxr51r0YNkGmxA-noRegrgcE-4zTofbW1mlh6n5_K12O8nSMfy5efezghhgE56zXuIfd-2P1u8viVibu9pJ4pIGcp8yYDNrb58v53FEsHJs4/s320/Untitled.jpg" height="241" src="https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/n9SEeYHapEJujhbc3Pu0eSea_V3XU7lNQjADbjAKeajExHXoZpRzCxAmKz9A1g7u-K3dwd1SRD3pMWFmBgIsmax23vnr1Nv5x8B9I7ZYy3JiBVtfDG_0aruESHqAQhEK20rqx8eHDCSyg2sGog" style="-webkit-transform: rotate(0.00rad); border: none; transform: rotate(0.00rad);" width="320" /></span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><br class="kix-line-break" /></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Fungsi keyboard adalah untuk memasukan data berupa karakter, dengan cara mengetik tombol-tombol atau toutch, jumlah dan susunan tombol pada keyboard ada beberapa tipe, keyboard standar mimiliki 101 tombol, namun ada pula tipe keyboard yang dilengkapi dengan tombol windows, tombol menu, tombol Fn, bahkan beberapa tombol multi media.</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><br class="kix-line-break" /></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><br class="kix-line-break" /></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">1.12 MOUSE</span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: blue; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><img alt="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEihR6IVJd9Ks2tnnrPlvTW45Po9WssCexOuYa9VPpEyLy0e9qIrL_HLhyphenhyphenm3Iin9-_8pJyCT5CjL8XYmM4GbZha0G3PqvrPYdPlfmOqr414uVdk_m1SYUbjSEmvJRYBLtST071CQjjNlvJQ/s320/Untitled.jpg" height="237" src="https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/D2NJbEdtb5zOnECWXEjUHmg4oGy0ZfA6ThK-kH6mF6EIfADbdNn9G5HJ6uq3bx0RenTEsNxrvFFvY1SrYtsOl1ywRx0ge4xC9AL3XatHr6Okw3LGBVGnnUIwWDTrEd-toyrMCWCr_qkbN2J6WQ" style="-webkit-transform: rotate(0.00rad); border: none; transform: rotate(0.00rad);" width="320" /></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><br class="kix-line-break" /></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Mouse digunakan untuk memilih atau menentukan sesuatu objeck pada layar, dan selanjutnya menentukan proses eksekusinya dengan cara meng”klik” tombol pada mouse.</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><br class="kix-line-break" /></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><br class="kix-line-break" /></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">1.13 PRINTER</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><br class="kix-line-break" /></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Printer berfungsi sebagai alat out put dari komputer yang dapat mencetak file sesuai yang diinginkan. Printer adalah salah satu hardware (perangkat keras) yang terhubung ke komputer dan mempunyai fungsi untuk mencetak tulisan, gambar dan tampilan lainnya dari komputer ke media kertas atau sejenis. Istilah yang dikenal pada resolusi printer disebut dpi (dot per inch).</span></div>
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jujurhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05687765228352366156noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2068584858024834626.post-51196653615548766812016-04-05T10:29:00.004-07:002016-04-05T10:29:20.006-07:00INTERKONEKSI BUS<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 10]>
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/* Style Definitions */
table.MsoNormalTable
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mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;
mso-tstyle-colband-size:0;
mso-style-noshow:yes;
mso-style-priority:99;
mso-style-parent:"";
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mso-para-margin-top:0in;
mso-para-margin-right:0in;
mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt;
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BUS adalah Jalur komunikasi yang dibagi pemakai Suatu set
kabel tunggal yang digunakan untuk menghubungkan berbagai sub sistem.
Karakteristik penting sebuah bus adalah bahwa bus merupakan media transmisi
yang dapat digunakan bersama. Sejumlah perangkat yang terhubungke bus dan suatu
sinyal yang ditransmisikan oleh salah satu perangkat ini dapat ditermia oleh
salah satu perangkat yang terhubungke bus. Bila dua buah perangkat melakukan
transmisi dalam waktu yang bersamaan, makasi nyal-sinyal nyaakan
bertumpangtindih dan menjadi rusak. Dengan demikain, hanya sebuah perangkat
saja yang akan berhasil melakukan transimi pada suatu saat tertentu. Umumnya
sebuah bus terdiri dari sejumlah lintasan komunikasi atau saluran.
Masing-masing saluran dapat mentransmisikan sinyal yang menunjukkan biner 1 dan
biner 0. Serangkaian digit biner dapat ditransmisikan melalui saluran tunggal.
Dengan mengumpulkan beberapa saluran dari sebuah bus, dapat digunakan
mentransmisikan digit biner secra bersamaan (paralel). Misalnya sebuah satuan
data 8 bit dapat ditransmisikan melalui bus delapan saluran</div>
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Sistem computer terdiri dari sejumlah bus yang berlainan
yang menyediakan jalan antara dua buah komponen pada bermacam-macam tingkatan
hirarki sistem computer. BUS Sistem adalah Sebuah Bus yang menghubungkan
komponen-komponen utama computer (CPU, Memori,I/O). Suatu transaksi bus
meliputi 2 komponen untuk mengeluarkan perintah dan alamat dan memindahkan
data, yaitu master dan slave.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Master<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>adalah bus yang memulai
transaksi bus. Slave adalah bus yang bereaksi terhadap alamat data. Struktur
interkoneksi komputer yang umum didasarkan pada penggunaan satu bus system atau
lebih. Sebuah bus system terdiri dari 50 hingga 100 saluran yang terpisah.
Masing-masing saluran ditandai dengan arti dan fungsi khusus .Walaupun terdapat
sejumlah rancangan bus yang berlainan, fungsi saluran bus dapat
diklasifikasikan menjadi tiga kelompok, yaitu saluran data, saluran alamat, dan
saluran control.</div>
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Bus alamat adalah jalur satu arah (unidirectional pathway).
Unidirectional berarti informasi hanya bias berjalan satu arah. Fungsi dari
jalur adalah untuk membawa alamat yang dihasilkan dari CPU ke memori dan elemen
I/O dalam computer tersebut. Nomer konduktor dalam bus menentukan ukuran bus
address. Ukuran bus address menentukan nomer lokasi memori dan elemen I/O yang
dapat di-address oleh mikroprosesor.</div>
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Bus data adalah jalur dua arah (bidirectional) untuk arus
data. Bidirectional berarti informasi dapat berjalan dalam dua arah. Data dapat
mengalir sepanjang bus data dari CPU ke memori selama operasi penulisan, dan
data dapat berpindah dari memori computer ke CPU menjelang operasi pembacaan.
Bagaimanapun juga, jika dua peranti mencoba menggunakan bus data ini pada waktu
yang bersamaan, maka akan terjadi kesalahan data. Peranti apapun yang
tersambung ke dalam bus data harus memiliki kemampuan untuk menahan keluaran
(output)-nya sementara ketika tidak terlibat dengan aktivitas dengan
prosesor.Status ini dinamakan status mengambang (floating state). Ukuran bus
data, diukur dalam bit, mewakili ukuran huruf suatu komputer. Secara umum,
semakin besar bus data, semakin cepat system komputernya. Ukuran bus data
normal adalah 8-bit atau 16-bit untuk sistem lama dan 32-bit untuk system baru.
Sistem bus 64-bit saat ini masih dalam tahap pengembangan.</div>
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Bus control membawa control dan sinyal timing yang
dibutuhkan untuk mengkoordinasi aktivitas dari keseluruhan komputer. Sinyal bus
control tidak harus terhubung satu sama lain, tidak seperti bus data dan
alamat. Beberapa merupakan sinyal output dari CPU, beberapa lagi merupakan
sinyal input ke CPU dari elemen I/O dalam sistem. Setiap tipe mikroprosesor
merespon terhadap sinyal kontrol set yang berbeda</div>
</div>
jujurhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05687765228352366156noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2068584858024834626.post-84937729335191455332016-04-05T10:28:00.002-07:002016-04-05T10:28:12.298-07:00SISTEM BUS DAN INTERRUPT<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Nim <span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>:
10112672</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Nama<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>:
Jujur Soaloon</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Kelas<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>:
If-16</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Dosen<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>:M.FajarW,
S.kom</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Organisasi dan Arsitektur Komputer</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">SISTEM
BUS DAN INTERRUPT</span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -.25in;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Pengertian Sistem Bus </span></b></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Bus </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">adalah
Jalur komunikasi yang dibagi pemakai Suatu set kabel tunggal yang digunakan
untuk menghubungkan berbagai subsistem.</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">System bus atau bus sistem, dalam arsitektur komputer merujuk
pada bus yang digunakan oleh sistem komputer untuk menghubungkan semua
komponennya dalam menjalankan tugasnya. Sebuah bus adalah sebutan untuk jalur
di mana data dapat mengalir dalam komputer. Jalur-jalur ini digunakan untuk
komunikasi dan dapat dibuat antara dua elemen atau lebih. Data atau program
yang tersimpan dalam memori dapat diakses dan dieksekusi oleh CPU melalui
perantara sistem bus.Suatu Komputer tersusun atas beberapa komponen penting
seperti CPU, memori, perangkat Input/Output. setiap computer saling berhubungan
membentuk kesatuan fungsi. Sistem bus adalah penghubung bagi keseluruhan
komponen computer dalam menjalankan tugasnya. Transfer data antar komponen
komputer sangatlah mendominasi kerja suatu computer. Data atau program yang
tersimpan dalam memori dapat diakses dan dieksekusi CPU melalui perantara bus,
begitu juga kita dapat melihat hasil eksekusi melalui monitor juga menggunakan
system bus.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">Ø<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Elemen-Elemen Rancangan Bus</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"></span></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Jenis BUS</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Dedicated</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Merupakan metode di mana setiap bus ( saluran ) secara permanen diberi
fungsi atau subset fisik komponen komputer.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Time Multiplexed</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Merupakan metode penggunaan bus yang sama untuk berbagai keperluan,sehingga
menghemat ruang dan biaya.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Metode Arbitrasi</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Metode
arbitrasi adalah metode pengaturan dari penggunaan bus, dan dapat dibedakan
atas :</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 50.15pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: 3.85pt;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Tersentralisasi : menggunakan arbiter sebagai pengatur
sentral</span></div>
<div style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; margin-left: 50.15pt; margin-right: 0in; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-element: para-border-div; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in;">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="border: none; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo2; mso-padding-alt: 0in 0in 0in 0in; padding: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 3.85pt;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Terdistribusi : setiap bus memiliki access control
logic</span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Timing</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Timing
berkaitan dengan cara terjadinya event yang diatur<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>pada bus system dan dapat dibedakan atas:</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 68.15pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Synchronous</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Terjadinya event pada bus ditentukan oleh clock ( pewaktu )</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 68.15pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Asynchronous</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Terjadinya sebuah event pada bus mengikuti dan tergantung</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">pada event
sebelumnya</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Lebar Bus</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Semakin lebar bus data, semakin besar bit yang dapat ditransfer pada suatu
saat.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Jenis
Transfer Data</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Transfer data yang menggunakan bus
di antaranya adalah :</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">1. Operasi Read</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">2. Operasi Write</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">3. Operasi Read Modify Write</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">4. Operasi Read After Write</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">5. Operasi Block</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">Ø<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Bus System dapat dibedakan atas :</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .25in;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Saluran Data</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Saluran data memberikan lintasan bagi perpindahan data antara dua modul
sistem. Saluran ini secara kolektif disebut bus data. Umumnya bus data terdiri
dari 8, 16, 32 saluran, jumlah saluran diakitakan denang lebar bus data. Karena
pada suatu saat tertentu masing-masing saluran hanya dapat membawa 1 bit, maka
jumlah saluran menentukan jumlah bit yang dapat dipindahkan pada suatu saat.
Lebar bus data merupakan faktor penting dalam menentukan kinerja sistem secara
keseluruhan.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .25in;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Saluran
Alamat</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Saluran alamat digunakan untuk menandakan sumber atau tujuan data pada bus
data. Lebar bus alamat akan menentukan kapasitas memori maksimum sistem. Selain
itu, umumnya saluran alamat juga dipakai untuk mengalamati port-port
input/outoput. Biasanya, bit-bit berorde lebih tinggi dipakai untuk memilih
lokasi memori atau port I/O pada modul.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .25in;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Saluran
Kontrol</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Saluran kontrol digunakan untuk mengntrol akses ke
saluran alamat dan penggunaan data dan saluran alamat. Karena data dan saluran
alamat dipakai bersama oleh seluruh komponen, maka harus ada alat untuk
mengontrol penggunaannya.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">Ø<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Cara Kerja Sistem Bus</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: .25in;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Pada sistem komputer yang lebih maju, arsitektur
komputernya<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>akan<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>lebih kompleks, sehingga untuk
meningkatkan<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>performa, digunakan
beberapa buah bus. Tiap bus merupakan jalur data antara beberapa device yang
berbeda. Dengan cara ini RAM, Prosesor, GPU (VGA AGP) dihubungkan oleh bus
utama berkecepatan tinggi yang lebih dikenal dengan nama FSB (Front Side Bus) .
Sementara perangkat lain yang lebih lambat dihubungkan oleh bus yang
berkecepatan lebih rendah yang terhubung dengan bus lain yang lebih cepat
sampai ke bus utama. Untuk komunikasi antar bus ini digunakan sebuah bridge.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: .25in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: .25in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">Ø<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Pengertian Interrupt</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 86.15pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level2 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Interupsi
adalah suatu permintaan khusus pada mikroprocessor untuk melakukan sesuatu,
jika terjadi interupsi maka komputer akan menghentikan dahulu apa yang sedang
dikerjakan dan melakukan apa yang diminta oleh yang menginterupsi.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 86.15pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level2 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Interrupt
merupakan sub rutin yang sudah tersedia dalam memori computer.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 86.15pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level2 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Program
yg melayani suatu interupsi dinamakan Interrupt Handler.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Proses
yang dilakukan oleh mikrokontroler saat melayani interrupt adalah sebagai
berikut:</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo16; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Instruksi
terakhir yang sedang dijalankan diselesaikan terlebih dahulu</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo16; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Program
Counter (alamat dari instruksi yang sedang berjalan) disimpan ke stack</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo16; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Interrupt
Status disimpan secara internal</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo16; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Interrupt
dilayani sesuai peringkat dari interrupt (lihat Interrupt Priority)</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo16; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Program
Counter terisi dengan alamat dari vector interrupt (lihat Interrupt Vector)
sehingga mikrokontroler langsung menjalankan program yang terletak pada vector
interrupt</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Program pada vector
interrupt biasanya diakhiri dengan instruksi RETI di mana pada saat ini proses
yang terjadi pada mikrokontroler adalah sebagai berikut:</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l13 level1 lfo17; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Program
Counter diisi dengan alamat yang tersimpan dalam stack pada saat interrupt
terjadi sehingga mikrokontroler kembali meneruskan</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l13 level1 lfo17; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">program
di lokasi saat interrupt terjadi Interrupt Status dikembalikan ke kondisi
terakhir sebelum terjadi interrupt</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">Ø<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Jenis-Jenis Interrupts</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Internal HW interruptions</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.25in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo7; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Ditimbulkan/digenerasi
oleh peristiwa tertentu yang terjadi pada waktu/selama eksekusi program.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.25in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo7; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Diatur
oleh HW dan tidak mungkin diubah.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 1.25in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo7; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Contoh:
tipe interrupt u/ counter clock internal; HW call interrupt ini u/ memaintance
“time to date”.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1.0in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">External HW interupstions</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: 1.25in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo8; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Ditimbulkan/digenerasi
oleh devais peripheral, mis keyboard,printers, dsb.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.25in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo8; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Biasa
juga ditimbulkan/digenerasi oleh Co-prosessor.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.25in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo8; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Tidak
mungkin mendeaktivekan</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 1.25in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo8; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Tidak
dikirim langsung ke CPU, melainkan ke IC yang memiliki fungsi u/ menghandle
secara eksklusive interrupts ini. (IC => PIC8259A, yg dikontrol oleh CPU dgn
menggunakan urutan komunikasi => PATH Control.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Contoh Kasus</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div>
<ul type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo18; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Pada awal sistem melakukan pencetakan dengan
printer, saat itu terdapat pengiriman data pada saluran komunikasi
sehingga modul komunikasi meminta interupsi.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo18; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Proses selanjutnya adalah pengalihan eksekusi
interupsi mudul komunikasi, sedangkan interupsi printer ditangguhkan.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo18; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Saat pengeksekusian modul komunikasi terjadi
interupsi disk, namun karena prioritasnya lebih rendah maka interupsi disk
ditangguhkan.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo18; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Setelah interupsi modul komunikasi selesai akan
dilanjutkan interupsi yang memiliki prioritas lebih tinggi, yaitu disk.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo18; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Bila interupsi disk selesai dilanjutkan
eksekusi interupsi printer. Selanjutnya dilanjutkan eksekusi program
utama </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
</ul>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1.0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 1.25in; mso-add-space: auto;">
<br /></div>
<div style="line-height: 115%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<strong><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-weight: normal; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">Ø<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></strong><strong><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">SIKLUS INTERUKSI</span></strong></div>
<div style="line-height: 115%;">
<strong><span lang="IN">Fetch dan Eksekusi</span></strong><span lang="IN"></span></div>
<div style="line-height: 115%;">
<span lang="IN">Pada awal setiap siklus instruksi,
CPU membaca instruksi dari memori. Pada CPU yang umum, suatu register yang
disebut program counter (PC) dipakai untuk mengawasi instruksi yang akan dibca
selanjutnya.</span></div>
<div style="line-height: 115%;">
<span lang="IN">Intruksi yang dibaca akan dimuatkan
ke dalam sebuah register di dalam CPU yang dikenal sebagai instruction register
(IR). CPU menginterpretasikan intruksi dam melakukan aksi yang diperlukan.
Secara umum, aksi-aksi ini dapat dibagi menjadi empat kategori:</span><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"></span></div>
<div style="line-height: 115%;">
<br /></div>
<ul type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l15 level1 lfo14; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in;"><em><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">CPU-Memori</span></em><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: data
dapat dipindahkan dari CPU ke memori atau dari memori ke CPU.</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l15 level1 lfo14; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">CPU-I/O:
Data dapat kea tau dunia luar denga pemindahan antara CPU dan modul I/O.</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l15 level1 lfo14; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in;"><em><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Pengolahan data</span></em><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">:
CPU dapat membentuk sejumlah operasi aritmetik atau logic terhadap data.</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l15 level1 lfo14; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in;"><em><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Control</span></em><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: Sebuah instruksi
dapat menguabah urutan eksekusi (misalnya, insruksi lompat IAS, Tabel
2.1). Misalnya, CPU dapat membaca instruksi dari lokasi 149, yang menentukan
bahwa instruksi berikutnya dibaca dari lokasi 182. CPU akan mengingat hal
ini dengan menyetel program counter ke 182. Jadi, pada siklus fetch
berikutnya, instruksi akan dibaca dari lokasi 182, bukannya 150.</span></li>
</ul>
<div style="line-height: 115%;">
<span lang="IN">CPU terdiri dari akumulator (AC)
untuk menyimpan data secara sementara. Baik data dan instruksi panjangnya 16
bit. Format instruksi, menandakan bahwa akan terdapat sejumlah 2<sup>4</sup> =
16 op code yang berlainan dan sejumlah 2<sup>12</sup> = 4096 (4K) word memori
yang dapat diamati secara langsung.</span></div>
<div style="line-height: 115%;">
<span lang="IN">Diperlukan tiga buah instruksi, yang
dapat dijelaskan sebagai tiga siklus fetch dan tiga eksekusi :</span></div>
<div style="line-height: 115%;">
<span lang="IN">1.
Program counter (PC) berisi 300 alamat instruksi pertama. Alamat ini dimuatkan
ke dalam instruction register (IR). Perlu dicatat bahwa proses ini akan
melibatkan penggunaan memory address register (MAR) dan memory buffer register
(MBR). Untuk mudahnya, register-register intermediate-nya di abaikan.</span></div>
<div style="line-height: 115%;">
<span lang="IN">2. 4
bit pertama di dalam IR mengindikasikan bahwa akumulator (AC) akan dimuatkan.
12 bit sisanya menentukan alamat, yaitu 940.</span></div>
<div style="line-height: 115%;">
<span lang="IN">3. PC
dinaikkan nilainya, dan instruksi berikutnya akan diambil.</span></div>
<div style="line-height: 115%;">
<span lang="IN">4. Isi
AC yang lama dan isi lokasi 941 ditambahkan, dan hasilnya disimpan di dalam AC.</span></div>
<div style="line-height: 115%;">
<span lang="IN">5. PC
dinaikkan nilainya, dan instruksi berikutnya akan diambil.</span></div>
<div style="line-height: 115%;">
<span lang="IN">6. Isi
PC akan disimpan pada lokasi 941.</span></div>
<div style="line-height: 115%;">
<span lang="IN">Instruksi PDP-11 yang diungkapkan
secara simbolik sebagai ADD B, A menyimpan jumlah isi lokasi memori B dan A ke
dalam lokasi memori A. Terjadi suatu siklus instruksi tunggal dengan
langkah-langkah sebagai berikut.</span></div>
<div style="line-height: 115%;">
<span lang="IN">1.
Mengambil (fetch) instruksi ADD,</span></div>
<div style="line-height: 115%;">
<span lang="IN">2.
Membaca isi lokasi memori A ke dalam CPU.</span></div>
<div style="line-height: 115%;">
<span lang="IN">3.
Membaca isi lokasi memori B ke dalam CPU. Agar isi A tidak hilang, CPI harus
memiliki sedikitnya dua buah register untuk menyimpan nilai-nilai memoti.</span></div>
<div style="line-height: 115%;">
<span lang="IN">4. Menambahkan
kegua nilai itu.</span></div>
<div style="line-height: 115%;">
<span lang="IN">5.
Menuliskan hasilnya dari CPU Kke lokasi memori A.</span></div>
<div style="line-height: 115%;">
<span lang="IN">Jadi, siklus eksekusi untuk instruksi
tertentu dapat melibatkan lebih dari sebuah referensi ke memori, juga,
disamping referensi memori, suatu instruksi dapat menentukan suatu operasi I/O.
Untuk sembarang siklus instruksi yang diketahui, sebagian keadaan dapat null
dan lainnya dapat lebih dari sekali. Keadaan teersebut adalah :</span></div>
<ul type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l14 level1 lfo15; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in;"><em><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Instruction Address Calculation (aic):</span></em><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">
Menenetukan alamat instruksi berikutnya yang akan dieksekusi. Biasanya,
hal ini melibatkan penambahan bilangan tetap ke alamat instruksi
sebelumnya.</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l14 level1 lfo15; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in;"><em><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Instruction Fetch (if):</span></em><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">
Membaca instruksi dari lokasi memorinya ke dalam CPU.</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l14 level1 lfo15; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in;"><em><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Instruction Operation Decoding (oac):</span></em><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">
Bila operasi melibatkan referensi ke operand didalam memori atau dapat
diperoleh melalui I/O, maka tentukan alamat operand.</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l14 level1 lfo15; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in;"><em><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Operand Fetch (of):</span></em><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">
Ambil operand dari memori dan baca operand itu dari I/O.</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l14 level1 lfo15; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in;"><em><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Data Operation (do):</span></em><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">
Bentuk operasi yang ditunjukkan di dalam instruksi.</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l14 level1 lfo15; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in;"><em><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Operand Store (os):</span></em><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">
Tuliskan hasilnya ke dalam memori atau keluarkan ke I/O.</span></li>
</ul>
<div style="line-height: 115%;">
<span lang="IN">Untuk sebagian mesin, instruksi
tunggal dapat menentukan operasi yang akan di bentuk pada suatu vector (array
dimensi satu) bilangan-bilangan atau suatu string (array dimensi satu)
karakter-karakter.</span><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 3; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">Ø<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Interkoneksi antar komponen dan analisanya </span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 3;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">INTERKONEKSI BUS</b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">BUS adalah Jalur komunikasi yang dibagi pemakai Suatu set
kabel tunggal yang digunakan untuk menghubungkan berbagai sub sistem.
Karakteristik penting sebuah bus adalah bahwa bus merupakan media transmisi
yang dapat digunakan bersama. Sejumlah perangkat yang terhubungke bus dan suatu
sinyal yang ditransmisikan oleh salah satu perangkat ini dapat ditermia oleh
salah satu perangkat yang terhubungke bus. Bila dua buah perangkat melakukan
transmisi dalam waktu yang bersamaan, makasi nyal-sinyal nyaakan
bertumpangtindih dan menjadi rusak. Dengan demikain, hanya sebuah perangkat
saja yang akan berhasil melakukan transimi pada suatu saat tertentu. Umumnya
sebuah bus terdiri dari sejumlah lintasan komunikasi atau saluran.
Masing-masing saluran dapat mentransmisikan sinyal yang menunjukkan biner 1 dan
biner 0. Serangkaian digit biner dapat ditransmisikan melalui saluran tunggal.
Dengan mengumpulkan beberapa saluran dari sebuah bus, dapat digunakan mentransmisikan
digit biner secra bersamaan (paralel). Misalnya sebuah satuan data 8 bit dapat
ditransmisikan melalui bus delapan saluran</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 5.0pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: David; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Pada Sistem Komputer,
terdiri dari 4 bagian komponen, yaitu sebagai berikut :</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 5.0pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo1; mso-outline-level: 3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">Ø<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: David; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Pemroses</span></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo9; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: David; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Berfungsi untuk
mengendalikan operasi komputer dan melakukan fungsi pemrosesan data.</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo9; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: David; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Pemroses melakukan
operasi logika dan mengelola aliran data dengan membaca instruksi dari
memori dan mengeksekusinya.</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo9; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: David; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Langkah kerja pemroses
: </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></li>
<ul type="circle">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l12 level2 lfo9; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: David; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Mengambil
instruksi biner dari memori</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l12 level2 lfo9; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: David; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Mendekode
instruksi menjadi aksi sederhana</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l12 level2 lfo9; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: David; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Melakukan
aksi</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></li>
</ul>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo9; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: David; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">3 Tipe operasi
komputer : </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></li>
<ul type="circle">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l12 level2 lfo9; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: David; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Operasi
aritmatika (ADD, SUBSTRACT, MULTIPLY, DIVIDE)</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l12 level2 lfo9; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: David; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Operasi
logika (OR, AND, XOR, INVERTION)</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l12 level2 lfo9; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: David; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Operasi
pengendalian (LOOP, JUMP)</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></li>
</ul>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo9; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: David; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Pemroses terdiri dari
: </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></li>
<ul type="circle">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l12 level2 lfo9; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: David; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">ALU
(Aritmatic Logic Unit), berfungsi untuk melakukan operasi aritmatika dan
logika</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l12 level2 lfo9; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: David; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">CU
(Control Unit), berfungsi untuk mengendalikan operasi yang dilaksanakan
sistem komputer.</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l12 level2 lfo9; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: David; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Register-register,
berfungsi untuk : </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></li>
<ul type="square">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l12 level3 lfo9; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 1.5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: David; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Membantu
pelaksanaan operasi yang dilakukan pemroses</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l12 level3 lfo9; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 1.5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: David; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Sebagai
memori yang bekerja secara cepat, biasanya untuk tempat operand-operand
dari operasi yang akan dilakukan.</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l12 level3 lfo9; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 1.5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: David; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Terbagi
menjadi register data dan register alamat.</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l12 level3 lfo9; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 1.5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: David; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Register
data terdiri dari general dan special purpose register.</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l12 level3 lfo9; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 1.5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: David; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Register
alamat berisi : </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></li>
<ul type="square">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l12 level4 lfo9; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 2.0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: David; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Alamat
data di memori utama</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l12 level4 lfo9; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 2.0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: David; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Alamat
instruksi</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l12 level4 lfo9; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 2.0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: David; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Alamat
untuk perhitungan alamat lengkap</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l12 level4 lfo9; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 2.0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: David; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Contoh
: register indeks, register penunjuk segmen, register penunjuk stack,
register penanda (flag)</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></li>
</ul>
</ul>
</ul>
</ul>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 2.0in; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<ul type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo10; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: David; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Pemroses
melakukan tugasnya dengan mengeksekusi instruksi-instruksi di program
dengan mekanisme instruksi sebagai berikut :. </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></li>
<ul type="circle">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l10 level2 lfo10; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: David; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Pemroses
membaca instruksi dari memori (fetch)</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l10 level2 lfo10; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: David; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Pemroses
mengeksekusi instruksi (execute)</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></li>
</ul>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo10; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: David; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Eksekusi
program berisi pengulangan fetch dan execute. Pemrosesan satu instruksi
disebut satu siklus instruksi (instruction cycle). </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></li>
</ul>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 5.0pt; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo1; mso-outline-level: 3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">Ø<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: David; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Memori</span></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<ul type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l17 level1 lfo11; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: David; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Berfungsi
untuk menyimpan data dan program</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l17 level1 lfo11; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: David; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Biasanya
volatile, tidak dapat mempertahankan data dan program yang disimpan bila
sumber daya energi (listrik) dihentikan.</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l17 level1 lfo11; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: David; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Konsep
program tersimpan (stored program concept), yaitu program (kumpulan
instruksi) yang disimpan di suatu tempat (memori) dimana kemudian
instruksi tersebut dieksekusi.</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l17 level1 lfo11; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: David; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Setiap
kali pemroses melakukan eksekusi, pemroses harus membaca instruksi dari
memori utama. Agar eksekusi dilakukan secara cepat maka harus diusahakan
instruksi tersedia di memori pada lapisan berkecepatan akses lebih tinggi.
Kecepatan eksekusi ini akan meningkatkan kinerja sistem.</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l17 level1 lfo11; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: David; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Hirarki
memori berdasarkan kecepatan akses : </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></li>
</ul>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: .5in; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<ul type="disc"><ul type="circle">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l17 level2 lfo11; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><b><i><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: David; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Register</span></i></b><b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: David; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: David; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">(tercepat)</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l17 level2 lfo11; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><b><i><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: David; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Cache
memory</span></i></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: David; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> ;
Memori berkapasitas terbatas, berkecepatan tinggi yang lebih mahal
dibanding memori utama. Cache memory adalah diantara memori utama dan
register, sehingga pemroses tidak langsung mengacu memori utama tetapi di
cache memory yang kecepatan aksesnya lebih tinggi.</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l17 level2 lfo11; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><b><i><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: David; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Main
memory</span></i></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l17 level2 lfo11; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><b><i><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: David; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Disk
cache (buffering)</span></i></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: David; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> ;
Bagian memori utama untuk menampung data yang akan ditransfer dari/ke
perangkat masukan/keluaran dan penyimpan sekunder. Buffering dapat
mengurangi frekuensi pengaksesan dari/ke perangkat masukan/keluaran dan
penyimpan sekunder sehingga meningkatkan kinerja sistem.</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l17 level2 lfo11; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><b><i><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: David; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Magnetic
disk</span></i></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l17 level2 lfo11; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><b><i><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: David; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Magnetic
tape, optical disk</span></i></b><i><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: David; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span></i><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: David; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">(paling lambat)</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></li>
</ul>
</ul>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 5.0pt; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo1; mso-outline-level: 3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">Ø<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: David; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Perangkat Masukan dan Keluaran (I/O)</span></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<ul type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo12; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: David; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Adalah perangkat nyata
yang dikendalikan chip controller di board sistem atau card.</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo12; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: David; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Controller dihubungkan
dengan pemroses dan komponen lainnya melalui bus.</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo12; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: David; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Controller mempunyai
register-register untuk pengendaliannya yang berisi status kendali.</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo12; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: David; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Tiap controller dibuat
agar dapat dialamati secara individu oleh pemroses sehingga perangkat
lunak device driver dapat menulis ke register-registernya sehingga dapat
mengendalikannya.</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo12; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: David; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Sistem operasi lebih
berkepentingan dengan pengendali dibanding dengan perangkat fisik mekanis</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo12; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: David; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Perangkat I/O juga
memindahkan data antara komputer dan lingkungan eksternal.</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo12; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: David; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Lingkungan eksternal
dapat diantarmuka (interface) dengan beragam perangkat, seperti : </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></li>
<ul type="circle">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo12; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: David; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Perangkat
penyimpan sekunder</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo12; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: David; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Perangkat
komunikasi</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo12; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: David; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Terminal</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></li>
</ul>
</ul>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 5.0pt; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo1; mso-outline-level: 3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">Ø<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: David; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Interkoneksi antar Komponen</span></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<ul type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l16 level1 lfo13; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: David; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Adalah
struktur dan mekanisme untuk menghubungkan antar komponen dalam sistem komputer
yang disebut bus.</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l16 level1 lfo13; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: David; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Bus
terdiri dari tiga macam, yaitu : </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></li>
<ul type="circle">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l16 level2 lfo13; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><b><i><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: David; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Bus
alamat (address bus)</span></i></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: David; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> ; Berisi 16, 20, 24 jalur sinyal paralel atau
lebih. CPU mengirim alamat lokasi memori atau port yang ingin ditulis
atau dibaca di bus ini. Jumlah lokasi memori yang dapat dialamati
ditentukan jumlah jalur alamat. Jika CPU mempunyai N jalur alamat maka
dapat mengalamati 2 pangkat N (2<sup>N</sup>) lokasi memori dan/atau port
secara langsung.</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></li>
</ul>
</ul>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<ul type="disc"><ul type="circle">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l16 level2 lfo13; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><b><i><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: David; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Bus
data (data bus)</span></i></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: David; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> ;
Berisi 8, 16, 32 jalur sinyal paralel atau lebih. Jalur-jalur data adalah
dua arah (<i>bidirectional</i>). CPU dapat membaca dan mengirim data
dari/ke memori atau port. Banyak perangkat pada sistem yang dihubungkan
ke bus data tetapi hanya satu perangkat pada satu saat yang dapat
memakainya.</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></li>
</ul>
</ul>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<ul type="disc"><ul type="circle">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l16 level2 lfo13; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><b><i><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: David; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Bus
kendali (control bus)</span></i></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: David; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">; Berisi 4-10 jalur sinyal paralel. CPU mengirim
sinyal-sinyal pada bus kendali untuk memerintahkan memori atau port.
Sinyal bus kendali antara lain : </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></li>
<ul type="square">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l16 level3 lfo13; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 1.5in; text-align: justify;"><i><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: David; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Memory
read</span></i><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: David; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> ;
Untuk memerintahkan melakukan pembacaan dari memori.</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l16 level3 lfo13; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 1.5in; text-align: justify;"><i><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: David; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Memory
write</span></i><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: David; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> ;
Untuk memerintahkan melakukan penulisan ke memori.</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l16 level3 lfo13; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 1.5in; text-align: justify;"><i><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: David; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">I/O
read</span></i><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: David; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> ;
Untuk memerintahkan melakukan pembacaan dari port I/O.</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l16 level3 lfo13; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 1.5in; text-align: justify;"><i><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: David; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">I/O
writ</span></i><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: David; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">e
; Untuk memerintahkan melakukan penulisan ke port I/O.</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></li>
</ul>
</ul>
</ul>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 1.5in; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<ul type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l16 level1 lfo13; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: David; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> Mekanisme
pembacaan ; Untuk membaca data suatu lokasi memori, CPU mengirim alamat
memori yang dikehendaki melalui bus alamat kemudian mengirim sinyal memory
read pada bus kendali. Sinyal tersebut memerintahkan ke perangkat memori
untuk mengeluarkan data pada lokasi tersebut ke bus data agat dibaca CPU.</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l16 level1 lfo13; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: David; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Interkoneksi
antar komponen ini membentuk satu sistem sendiri, seperti ISA (Industry
Standard Architecture), EISA (Extended ISA) dan PCI (Peripheral Component
Interconnect).</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l16 level1 lfo13; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: David; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Secara
fisik interkoneksi antar komponen berupa “perkawatan”.</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l16 level1 lfo13; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: David; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Interkoneksi
memerlukan tata cara atau aturan komunikasi agar tidak kacau (<i>chaos</i>)
sehingga mencapai tujuan yang diharapkan.</span></li>
</ul>
<span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: David; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br clear="all" style="mso-special-character: line-break; page-break-before: always;" />
</span>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: .5in; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Sumber
:</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 2.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l16 level4 lfo13; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><a href="http://blog.student.uny.ac.id/rheza/2011/04/06/sistem-interkoneksi-dalam-komputer/"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">http://blog.student.uny.ac.id/rheza/2011/04/06/sistem-interkoneksi-dalam-komputer/</span></a><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><a href="https://www.blogger.com/null"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">file:///D:/FITRI%20NURHAYATI%20%20Interkoneksi%20antar%20komponen%20dan%20analisanya.html</span></a><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 2.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l16 level4 lfo13; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><a href="http://dosen.narotama.ac.id/wp-content/uploads/2012/12/modul-4-STRUKTUR-INTERKONEKSI-BUS-1"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">http://dosen.narotama.ac.id/wp-content/uploads/2012/12/modul-4-STRUKTUR-INTERKONEKSI-BUS-1</span></a><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 2.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l16 level4 lfo13; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><a href="http://ukyku.files.wordpress.com/2008/02/arsitektur-komputer"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">http://ukyku.files.wordpress.com/2008/02/arsitektur-komputer</span></a><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
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jujurhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05687765228352366156noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2068584858024834626.post-46553445882732078202016-04-05T10:27:00.002-07:002016-04-05T10:27:13.572-07:00Vigenere cipher<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">KATA PENGANTAR</b></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="text-indent: 28.35pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Puji
syukur penulis panjatkan kehadirat Tuhan Yang Maha Esa karena atas berkat dan
rahmat-Nya kami dapat menyelesaikan penulisan Proposal Program </span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">vigenere cipher.</i><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="text-indent: 28.35pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="text-indent: 28.35pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Proposal
Program </span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">vigenere cipher</i> <span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ini
merupakan gambaran umum mengenai program kata kunci. Makalah ini diharapkan
dapat memenuhi tugas besar untuk mata kuliah Analisis Algoritma.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="text-indent: 28.35pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.35pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Dalam
penulisan proposal ini kami banyak memperoleh masukkan dari berbagai pihak,
untuk itu<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>mengucapkan terimakasih kepada
semua pihak yang telah membantu kami penyusunan Proposal Program </span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">vigenere cipher.</i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.35pt;">
Adapun untuk
selanjutnya kami berharap untuk dapat mengembangkan program yang kami buat ini
kearah yang akan lebih baik lagi.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.35pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.35pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.35pt;">
<br /></div>
<span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br clear="all" style="mso-special-character: line-break; page-break-before: always;" />
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<br /></div>
<h2 align="center" style="text-align: center;">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="_Toc244685570"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="_Toc243266924"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="_Toc243236869"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc243266924;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc244685570;"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">BAB I<br />
PENDAHULUAN</span></span></span></a></h2>
<h2>
<span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc243236869;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc243266924;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc244685570;"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Latar Belakang</span></span></span></span><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></h2>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Sehubungan
dengan perkembangan teknologi semakin maju, maka dibidang keamanan data ,suatu
program harus lebih akurat untuk melindungi data kita. Sistem keaman sudah
sangat banyak pada jaman modern ini tapi system keamanan yang kami bahas adalah
sistem keamananan </span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">vigenere cipher.</i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Maksud dan Tujuan</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span></b><span style="font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Dapat memberikan kata kunci yang sulit di tebak oleh orang lain dalam
suatu data,Karena </span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">vigenere cipher </i>kembali
memproses kata kunci yang telah kita buat menjadi lebih sulit lagi.</div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%;">BAB II<br />
ISI</span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">A.Defenisi Vigenere cipher</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Vigenere cipher</span></i><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> adalah salah satu jenis kriptografi klasik yang pada dasarnya adalah
melakukan substitusi cipher abjad majemuk (polyalphabetic substitution), yaitu
mengubah plaintext dengan kunci tertentu biasanya berupa sebuah kata atau
kalimat yang berulang sepanjang plaintext sehingga didapatkan ciphertext.
Tetapi salah satu kelemahan dari cipher ini adalah ia mudah diserang dengan
metode Kasiski untuk mengetahui panjang huruf yang digunakan sebagai kunci.
Untuk lebih memperkuat cipher ini, banyak modifikasi dilakukan oleh para
peneliti. Salah satu cara yang saya ajukan sebagai tugas makalah ini adalah
Vigenere cipher dengan metode pembangkitan kunci dengan menggunakan bilangan
euler. Pada dasarnya, metode ini adalah sebuah cara untuk mendapatkan suatu
kunci berbentuk acak yang digenerate dari perkalian matematis antara kunci yang
dimasukkan dengan bilangan Euler. Diharapkan dengan metode ini, kunci yang
dihasilkan untuk Vigenere cipher menjadi lebih panjang dan acak sehingga akan
menyulitkan kriptanalisis untuk menyerang dengan metode Kasiski maupun dengan
analisis frekuensi.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">B. Cara
Kerja Program</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span></b><span style="font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Program </span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Vigenere cipher </span></i><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">akan mengubah plain text dengan kunci tertentu dengan kata yang<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>maupun kalimat yang lain melewati suatu
proses perhitungan dari program <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Vigenere
cipher. </i></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Misalnya
pada sandi Caesar dengan geseran 3, </span><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">A</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> menjadi </span><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">D</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">, </span><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">B</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> menjadi </span><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">E</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> and dan
seterusnya. Sandi Vigenère terdiri dari beberapa sandi Caesar dengan nilai
geseran yang berbeda. Untuk menyandikan suatu pesan, digunakan sebuah tabel
alfabet yang disebut table vigenere.</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-no-proof: yes;"><img alt="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Vigenere-square.png/320px-Vigenere-square.png" height="244" src="file:///C:\Users\HORAS\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image002.png" width="479" /></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Gambar : table
vigenere</span></div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Tabel Vigenère berisi alfabet yang dituliskan
dalam 26 baris, masing-masing baris digeser satu urutan ke kiri dari baris
sebelumnya, membentuk ke-26 kemungkinan sandi Caesar. Setiap huruf disandikan
dengan menggunakan baris yang berbeda-beda, sesuai kata kunci yang diulang.</span></div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Cara Pemrosesan Program</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Misalnya ,plainteks </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">yang hendak
disandikan adalah perintah “Sari kaya”</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Sarikaya</i></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Sedangkan
kata kunci adalah "Roti"</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">“roti”
akan di ulang dengan plainteks menjadi “rotiroti”</span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Huruf
pertama pada plainteks, </span><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">S</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">, disandikan dengan menggunakan baris
berjudul </span><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">R</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">, huruf pertama pada kata kunci. Pada
baris </span><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">R</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> dan kolom </span><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">S</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> di tabel Vigenère, terdapat huruf J .
Demikian pula untuk huruf kedua, digunakan huruf yang terletak pada baris O
(huruf kedua kata kunci) dan kolom </span><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">A</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> (huruf kedua plaintext), yaitu huruf </span><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">O</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">. Proses ini dijalankan terus sehingga di
peroleh hasil :</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">JOkQBORI<br />
<br />
<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Seperti hal itulah </span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">vigenere cipher </i>melakukan pemrosesan
sehingga menghasilkan kata yang sulit ditebak atau di ketahui oleh orang lain.<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span></div>
</div>
jujurhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05687765228352366156noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2068584858024834626.post-302837977155935882016-04-05T10:24:00.001-07:002016-04-05T10:24:40.040-07:00Dampak Perkembangan Teknologi Informasi <div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 3;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">BAB I</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">PENDAHULUAN</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Kemajuan teknologi saat ini tidak bisa dipisahkan dari
kehidupan masyarakat. Berbagai informasi yang terjadi di berbagai belahan dunia
kini telah dapat langsung kita ketahui berkat kemajuan teknologi (globalisasi).
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<a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="more"></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Kalau dahulu kita mengenal kata
pepatah “dunia tak selebar daun kelor”, sekarang pepatah itu selayaknya
berganti; dunia saat ini selebar daun kelor, karena cepatnya akses informasi di
berbagai belahan dunia membuat dunia ini seolah semakin sempit dikarenakan kita
dapat melihat apa yang terjadi di Amerika misalnya, meskipun kita berada di
Indonesia. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Tentu kemajuan teknologi ini menyebabkan perubahan yang
begitu besar pada kehidupan umat manusia dengan segala peradaban dan kebudayaannya.
Perubahan ini juga memberikan dampak yang begitu besar terhadap transformasi
nilai-nilai yang ada di masyarakat. Khususnya masyarakat dengan budaya dan adat
ketimuran seperti Indonesia. Saat ini, di Indonesia dapat kita saksikan begitu
besar pengaruh kemajuan teknologi terhadap nilai-nilai kebudayaan yang di anut
masyarakat, baik masyarakat perkotaan maupun pedesaan (modernisasi). Kemajuan
teknologi seperti televisi, telepon dan telepon genggam (HP), bahkan internet
bukan hanya melanda masyarakat kota, namun juga telah dapat dinikmati oleh
masyarakat di pelosok-pelosok desa. Akibatnya, segala informasi baik yang
bernilai positif maupun negatif, dapat dengan mudah di akses oleh masyarakat.
Dan di akui atau tidak, perlahan-lahan mulai mengubah pola hidup dan pola
pemikiran masyarakat khususnya masyarakat pedesaan dengan segala image yang
menjadi ciri khas mereka.</span></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-transform: uppercase;">bab ii</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-transform: uppercase;">pembahasan</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2.1<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Pengertian Teknologi<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Informasi</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Untuk
mengetahui <i>pengertian teknologi informasi</i> terlebih dahulu kita harus
mengerti pengertian dari teknologi dan informasi itu sendiri. Berikut ini
pengertian teknologi dan informasi :</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Teknologi </span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">adalah pengembangan dan aplikasi
dari alat, mesin, material dan proses yang menolong manusia menyelesaikan
masalahnya<b> </b></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Informasi</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> adalah hasil pemrosesan,
manipulasi dan pengorganisasian/penataan dari sekelompok data yang mempunyai
nilai pengetahuan (<i>knowledge</i>) bagi penggunanya<b> </b></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Pengertian
teknologi informasi menurut beberapa ahli teknologi informasi : </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<ol start="1" type="1">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Teknologi
Informasi</span></i><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">adalah studi atau peralatan
elektronika, terutama komputer, untuk menyimpan, menganalisa, dan
mendistribusikan informasi apa saja, termasuk kata-kata, bilangan, dan
gambar <i>(kamus Oxford, 1995)<b> </b> </i></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Teknologi Informasi</span></i><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">adalah seperangkat alat yang
membantu anda bekerja dengan informasi dan melaksanakan tugas-tugas yang
berhubungan dengan pemrosesan informasi <i>(Haag & Keen, 1996) </i></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Teknologi Informasi</span></i><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">tidak hanya terbatas pada
teknologi komputer (software & hardware) yang digunakan untuk
memproses atau menyimpan informasi, melainkan juga mencakup teknologi
komunikasi untuk mengirimkan informasi <i>(Martin, 1999) </i></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Teknologi Informasi</span></i><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">adalah segala bentuk teknologi
yang diterapkan untuk memproses dan mengirimkan informasi dalam bentuk
elektronis <i>(Lucas, 2000) </i></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Teknologi Informasi</span></i><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">adalah teknologi yang
menggabungkan komputasi (komputer) dengan jalur komunikasi berkecepatan
tinggi yang membawa data, suara, dan video <i>(William & Sawyer, 2003)</i></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></li>
</ol>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Secara
implisit dan eksplisit IT tidak sekedar berupa teknologi komputer, tetapi juga
mencakup teknologi komunikasi.Dengan kata lain, yang disebut Teknologi
Informasi adalah gabungan antara Teknologi Komputer dan Teknologi
Telekomunikasi</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
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<u><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Teknologi
Informasi</span></u><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">adalah suatu teknologi yang digunakan
untuk mengolah data, termasuk memproses, mendapatkan, menyusun, menyimpan,
memanipulasi data dalam berbagai cara untuk menghasilkan <b>informasi yang
berkualitas</b>, yaitu informasi yang relevan, akurat dan tepat waktu, yang
digunakan untuk keperluan pribadi, bisnis, dan pemerintahan dan merupakan
informasi yang strategis untuk pengambilan keputusan.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Teknologi
yang memanfaatkan komputer sebagai perangkat utama untuk mengolah data menjadi
informasi yang bermanfaat.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2.2<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Dampak Perkembangan Teknologi<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Informasi</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 5.0pt; text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">DAMPAK
POSITIF KEMAJUAN TEKNOLOGI INFORMASI</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Perkembangan
teknologi juga dapat menjadikan dampak positif dan dampak negatif, hal ini
dapat dilihat dari berbagai bidang yaitu:</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">
</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> 1) <b>Bidang politik</b></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 5.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">a. Timbulnya kelas menengah baru<b> </b>Pertumbuhan
teknologi dan ekonomi di kawasan ini akan mendorong munculnya kelas menengah
baru. Kemampuan, keterampilan serta gaya hidup mereka sudah tidak banyak
berbeda dengan kelas menengah di negara-negera Barat. Dapat diramalkan, kelas
menengah baru ini akan menjadi pelopor untuk menuntut kebebasan politik dan
kebebasan berpendapat yang lebih besar.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 5.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">b. Proses regenerasi kepemimpinan.<b> </b>Sudah barang
tentu peralihan generasi kepemimpinan ini akan berdampak dalam gaya dan
substansi politik yang diterapkan. Nafas kebebasan dan persamaan semakin
kental.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 5.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">c. Di bidang politik internasional, juga terdapat
kecenderungan tumbuh berkembangnya regionalisme. Kemajuan di bidang teknologi
komunikasi telah menghasilkan kesadaran regionalisme. Ditambah dengan kemajuan
di bidang teknologi transportasi telah menyebabkan meningkatnya kesadaran
tersebut. Kesadaran itu akan terwujud dalam bidang kerjasama ekonomi, sehingga
regionalisme akan melahirkan kekuatan ekonomi baru.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 5.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">2) <b>Bidang Informasi dan komunikasi</b></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Dalam bidang
informasi dan komunikasi telah terjadi kemajuan yang sangat pesat. Dari
kemajuan dapat kita rasakan dampak positipnya antara lain:</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 5.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">a. Kita akan lebih cepat mendapatkan
informasi-informasi yang akurat dan terbaru di bumi bagian manapun melalui
internet. </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 5.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">b. Kita dapat berkomunikasi dengan teman, maupun
keluarga yang sangat jauh hanya dengan melalui handphone</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 5.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">c. Kita mendapatkan layanan bank yang dengan sangat
mudah. Dan lain-lain</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 5.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> 3) <b>Bidang Ekonomi dan Industri</b></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Dalam bidang
ekonomi teknologi berkembang sangat pesat. Dari kemajuan teknologi dapat kita
rasakan manfaat positifnya antara lain:</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">
</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 5.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">a. Pertumbuhan ekonomi yang semakin tinggi</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 5.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">b. Terjadinya industrialisasi.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 5.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">c. Produktifitas dunia industri semakin meningkat </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 5.0pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Kemajuan
teknologi akan meningkatkan kemampuan produktivitas dunia industri baik dari
aspek teknologi industri maupun pada aspek jenis produksi. Investasi dan
reinvestasi yang berlangsung secara besar-besaran yang akan semakin
meningkatkan produktivitas dunia ekonomi. Di masa depan, dampak perkembangan teknologi
di dunia industri akan semakin penting. Tanda-tanda telah menunjukkan bahwa
akan segera muncul teknologi bisnis yang memungkinkan konsumen secara
individual melakukan kontak langsung dengan pabrik sehingga pelayanan dapat
dilaksanakan secara langsung dan selera individu dapat dipenuhi, dan yang lebih
penting konsumen tidak perlu pergi ke toko.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 5.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">d. Persaingan dalam dunia kerja sehingga menuntut
pekerja untuk selalu menambah skill dan pengetahuan yang dimiliki.Kecenderungan
perkembangan teknologi dan ekonomi, akan berdampak pada penyerapan tenaga kerja
dan kualifikasi tenaga kerja yang diperlukan. Kualifikasi tenaga kerja dan
jumlah tenaga kerja yang dibutuhkan akan mengalami perubahan yang cepat.
Akibatnya, pendidikan yang diperlukan adalah pendidikan yang menghasilkan
tenaga kerja yang mampu mentransformasikan pengetahuan dan <i>skill</i> sesuai
dengan tuntutan kebutuhan tenaga kerja yang berubah tersebut.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 5.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">e. Di bidang kedokteran dan kemajauan ekonomi mampu
menjadikan produk kedokteran menjadi komoditi. Meskipun demikian ada pula
dampak negatifnya antara lain;1. terjadinya pengangguran bagi tenaga kerja yang
tidak mempunyai kualifikasi yang sesuai dengan yang dibutuhkan2. Sifat
konsumtif sebagai akibat kompetisi yang ketat pada era globalisasi akan juga
melahirkan generasi yang secara moral mengalami kemerosotan: konsumtif, boros
dan memiliki jalan pintas yang bermental <i>“instant”.</i></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 5.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">4) <b>Bidang Sosial dan Budaya</b></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Akibat
kemajuan teknologi bisa kita lihat :</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">
</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 5.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">a. Perbedaan kepribadian pria dan wanita. Banyak pakar
yang berpendapat bahwa kini semakin besar porsi wanita yang memegang posisi
sebagai pemimpin, baik dalam dunia pemerintahan maupun dalam dunia bisnis.
Bahkan perubahan perilaku ke arah perilaku yang sebelumnya merupakan pekerjaan
pria semakin menonjol.Data yang tertulis dalam buku Megatrend for Women:From
Liberation to Leadership yang ditulis oleh Patricia Aburdene & John
Naisbitt (1993) menunjukkan bahwa peran wanita dalam kepemimpinan semakin
membesar. Semakin banyak wanita yang memasuki bidang politik, sebagai anggota
parlemen, senator, gubernur, menteri, dan berbagai jabatan penting lainnya.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 5.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">b. Meningkatnya rasa percaya diriKemajuan ekonomi di
negara-negara Asia melahirkan fenomena yang menarik. Perkembangan dan kemajuan
ekonomi telah meningkatkan rasa percaya diri dan ketahanan diri sebagai suatu
bangsa akan semakin kokoh. Bangsa-bangsa Barat tidak lagi dapat melecehkan
bangsa-bangsa Asia.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 5.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">c. Tekanan, kompetisi yang tajam di pelbagai aspek
kehidupan sebagai konsekuensi globalisasi, akan melahirkan generasi yang
disiplin, tekun dan pekerja keras.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 5.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> 5) <b>Bidang Pendidikan</b></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 5.0pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Teknologi
mempunyai peran yang sangat penting dalam bidang pendidikan antara lain:</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 5.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">a. Munculnya media massa, khususnya media elektronik
sebagai sumber ilmu dan pusat pendidikan. Dampak dari hal ini adalah guru
bukannya satu-satunya sumber ilmu pengetahuan</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 5.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">b. Munculnya metode-metode pembelajaran yang baru,
yang memudahkan siswa dan guru dalam proses pembelajaran. Dengan kemajuan
teknologi terciptalah metode-metode baru yang membuat siswa mampu memahami
materi-materi yang abstrak, karena materi tersebut dengan bantuan teknologi
bisa dibuat abstrak.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 5.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">c. Sistem pembelajaran tidak harus melalui tatap
muka </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 5.0pt; text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">DAMPAK
NEGATIF PERKEMBANGAN TEKNOLOGI INFORMASI</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 5.0pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Disamping
keuntungan-keuntungan yang kita peroleh ternyata kemajuan kemajuan teknologi
tersebut dimanfaatkan juga untuk hal-hal yang negatif, antara lain:</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 5.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">1.</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> <b>Bidang Informasi dan Komunikasi :</b></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 5.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">a. Pemanfaatan jasa komunikasi oleh jaringan teroris
(Kompas)</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 5.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">b. Penggunaan informasi tertentu dan situs tertentu
yang terdapat di internet yang bisa disalah gunakan fihak tertentu untuk tujuan
tertentu</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 5.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">c. Kerahasiaan alat tes semakin terancam Melalui
internet kita dapat memperoleh informasi tentang tes psikologi, dan bahkan
dapat memperoleh layanan tes psikologi secara langsung dari internet.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 5.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">d. Kecemasan teknologi Selain itu ada kecemasan skala
kecil akibat teknologi komputer. Kerusakan komputer karena terserang virus,
kehilangan berbagai file penting dalam komputer inilah beberapa contoh stres
yang terjadi karena teknologi. Rusaknya modem internet karena disambar petir.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 5.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">2.</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> <b>Bidang Sosial dan Budaya :</b></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 5.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">1. Kemerosotan moral di kalangan warga masyarakat,
khususnya di kalangan remaja dan pelajar. Kemajuan kehidupan ekonomi yang
terlalu menekankan pada upaya pemenuhan berbagai keinginan material, telah
menyebabkan sebagian warga masyarakat menjadi “kaya dalam materi tetapi miskin
dalam rohani”.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 5.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">2. Kenakalan dan tindak menyimpang di kalangan remaja
semakin meningkat semakin lemahnya kewibawaan tradisi-tradisi yang ada di
masyarakat, seperti gotong royong dan tolong-menolong telah melemahkan
kekuatan-kekuatan sentripetal yang berperan penting dalam menciptakan kesatuan
sosial. Akibat lanjut bisa dilihat bersama, kenakalan dan tindak menyimpang di
kalangan remaja dan pelajar semakin meningkat dalam berbagai bentuknya, seperti
perkelahian, corat-coret, pelanggaran lalu lintas sampai tindak kejahatan.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 5.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">3. Pola interaksi antar manusia yang berubah Kehadiran
komputer pada kebanyakan rumah tangga golongan menengah ke atas telah merubah
pola interaksi keluarga. Komputer yang disambungkan dengan telpon telah membuka
peluang bagi siapa saja untuk berhubungan dengan dunia luar. Program internet
relay chatting (IRC), internet, dan e-mail telah membuat orang asyik dengan
kehidupannya sendiri. Selain itu tersedianya berbagai warung internet (warnet)
telah memberi peluang kepada banyak orang yang tidak memiliki komputer dan
saluran internet sendiri untuk berkomunikasi dengan orang lain melalui
internet. Kini semakin banyak orang yang menghabiskan waktunya sendirian dengan
komputer. Melalui program internet relay chatting (IRC) anak-anak bisa asyik
mengobrol dengan teman dan orang asing kapan saja.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 5.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">3.</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> <b>Bidang Pendidikan :</b></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 5.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">a. Kerahasiaan alat tes semakin terancam Program tes
inteligensi seperti tes Raven, Differential Aptitudes Test dapat diakses
melalui compact disk. Implikasi dari permasalahan ini adalah, tes psikologi
yang ada akan mudah sekali bocor, dan pengembangan tes psikologi harus berpacu
dengan kecepatan pembocoran melalui internet tersebut.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">b. Penyalahgunaan pengetahuan bagi
orang-orang tertentu untuk melakukan tindak kriminal. Kita tahu bahwa kemajuan
di badang pendidikan juga mencetak generasi yang berepngetahuan tinggi tetapi
mempunyai moral yang rendah. Contohnya dengan ilmu komputer yang tinggi maka
orang akan berusaha menerobos sistem perbankan dan lain-lain.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2.3<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Cara
Mengatasi Dampak Negatif Teknologi Informasi</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Semakin
majunya Teknologi Informasi , semakin banyak juga dampak negatif yang dibuat
olehnya terhadap kehidupan manusia. Meskipun Teknologi Informasi mempunyai sisi
yang positif , tetap saja ia juga mempunyai sisi negatif , yang dimana sisi
negatif ini harus kita singkirkan. Contohnya jangan jauh - jauh , kita lihat
dunia maya atau biasa disebut dengan Internet .<br />
<br />
Dunia maya adalah dunia khayalan , dunia imajinasi atau dunia kedua setelah
dunia nyata. Di dunia itu kita dapat berselancar mondar - mandir , kesana -
kemari mencari tugas ataupun mencari yang gak jelas yang membuat kita tahu
semua yang ada di belahan dunia ini secara cepat dan instan yang diperantarai
oleh Web,Blog,Social Network dan sejenisnya .<br />
<br />
Dari sini saja kita sudah dapat memahami bahwa Internet mempunyai pengaruh yang
sangat besar terhadap kehidupan manusia. Pada bagian sisi negatifnyalah yang
menjadi titik berat para pengguna Internet. Bagaimana cara untuk menghindari
atau menanggulangi sisi tersebut?</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<ol start="1" type="1">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Berinternetlah
dengan Sehat > Maksudnya? Maksudnya berinternet sesuai dengan
kebutuhan.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Bermain
Internet (Komputer atau yang berhubungan dengan Teknologi Informasi)
dengan Bijak. Maksudnya? Anda pasti tahu maksudnya</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Lakukanlah
Kegiatan yang lain. Kita juga punya kehidupan nyata yang harus dijalan. </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Tidak
mengeklik link yang gak jelas atau link yang diperpendek yang bertujuan
untuk menyembunyikan link aslinya (jika menurut anda link tersebut aman
silahkan saja , tetapi jika menurut anda tidak aman jangan diklik).</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Memblokir
situs-situs yang dianggap mempunyai dampak buruk.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Mengurangi
waktu bermain Internet atau Komputer.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></li>
</ol>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">BAB III</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">KESIMPULAN</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">3.1<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Kesimpulan</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Kemajuan teknologi adalah sesuatu
yang tak bisa kita hindari dalam kehidupan ini, karena kemajuan teknologi
seiring dengan majunya ilmu pengetahuan. Setiap inovasi atau penemuan baru
manusia di harapkan memberikan dampak positif bagi umat manusia. Begitu banyak
kemudahan yang dan kenyamanan diberikan teknologi baru,namun pada dasarnya
tidak dapat dipungkiri juga bahwa pada kenyataannya teknologi juga mempunyai
dampak negatif seperti di atas. Untuk mengatasi dampak negatif itu sendiri
harus dimulai dari diri kita sendiri.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
http://computers-inc.blogspot.com/2012/03/pengertian-teknologi-informasi.html</div>
</div>
jujurhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05687765228352366156noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2068584858024834626.post-58055197668700369342016-04-05T10:23:00.001-07:002016-04-05T10:23:24.366-07:00MODUL PELATIHAN PHP <div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">1. PENDAHULUAN</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>PHP adalah salah satu bahasa pemrograman di
Internet. PHP bersifat cepat, gratis dan murah ( gratis ), selain itu PHP
mendukung penggunaan database seperti MySQL, PostgreSQL, mSQL, Oracle etc.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Untuk
dapat menjalankan PHP melalui browser, maka anda diharuskan terlebih dahulu
menginstall web server ( misalnya Apache, PWS, IIS ) lalu menginstall PHP,
sedangkan untuk menjalankan MySQL anda tidak perlu menginstall web server,
hanya saja jika ingin dijalankan melalui browser, maka anda harus menginstall
web server. Prosedur penginstallan web server, PHP dan MySQL dapat anda baca
pada manual masing – masing. Adapun manual dan instalan Apache, PHP maupun
MySQL dapat anda cari di</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><a href="http://ftpsearch.itb.ac.id/">http://ftpsearch.itb.ac.id</a> .</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Jika anda tidak ingin direpotkan dengan
prosedur penginstallan PHP, anda dapat menjalankan PHP di direktori <i>public_html</i>
anda di <i>s.ee.itb.ac.id</i>. Hal itu dapat dilakukan karena PHP bersifat <i>server
side </i>artinya script PHP di jalankan di server, bukan di computer client.
Jadi semakin banyak client yang menjalankan script PHP di suatu situs, maka
beban yang ditanggung oleh server semakin bertambah. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Sintaks – sintaks dalam PHP banyak yang
sama dengan C++, dalam hal ini penulis tidak memberikan penjelasan penggunaan
sintaks – sintaks tersebut mengingat para cakru telah memperoleh pengajaran
tersebut di dalam kuliah maupun praktikum EL – 207 Komputer dan Pemrograman.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">2. DASAR PHP</span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>PHP dijalankan dalam file berekstensi
.php, .php3 atau .phtml, itu tergantung dengan settingan PHP anda, tetapi
secara umum ekstensi file PHP adalah .php.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Kode PHP menyatu dengan tag – tag HTML
dalam satu file. Kode PHP diawali dengan tag <? atau <?php dan ditutup
dengan ?>.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Contoh :</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><?</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>phpinfo();</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>?></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Struktur penulisan dalam PHP, sama seperti
dalam C++, yaitu setiap pernyataan diakhiri oleh semicolon ( ; ) dan bersifat <i>case
sensitive untuk penulisan nama variabel.</i> Cara penulisan komentar dalam PHP
juga sama dengan C++.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Contoh :</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><?</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>$nama = “divisi komputer hme
itb”;<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>// Huruf kecil semua</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>$NAMA = “DIVISI KOMPUTER HME
ITB”;<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>// Huruf besar semua</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>print “$nama<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-symbol-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Wingdings;">à</span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> variable menggunakan huruf kecil.<br>”;</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>print “$NAMA </span><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-symbol-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Wingdings;">à</span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> variable menggunakan huruf besar.”;</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>?></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">3. TIPE DATA</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>PHP mengenal 5 tipe data yaitu integer,
floating point, string, array dan object. Penggunaan tipe data tidak secara
ekspilisit di deklarasikan seperti dalam C++.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Contoh : </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><?</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>// Penggunaan tipe data int, float dan
string seta type castingnya</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>$var = 2002 ; // var sebagai integer </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>print “Sekarang tahun
$var.<br>”;</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>$var = “dua ribu dua”; // var sebagai
string</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>print “Sekarang tahun
$var.<br>”;</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>$var = 2002.5; // var sebagai bilangan
bulat / float</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>print “Tahun $var, ada atau nggak ?”;</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>?></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><? </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>// Penggunaan tipe data object</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 27.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>class himp</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 27.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>{</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 27.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>var $divisi =
"Divkom HME ITB";</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 27.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>function
ubah($str)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 27.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>{</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 27.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>$this->divisi = $str;</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 27.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>}</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 27.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>}</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 27.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 27.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>$hme = new
himp;</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 27.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>print
$hme->divisi;</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 27.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>print
"<br>";</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 27.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>$hme->ubah("Divisi Komputer HME
ITB");</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 27.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>print
$hme->divisi;</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>?></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Penggunaan tipe data array akan di bahas
di bagian operasi </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">array.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">4. OPERATOR</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Dalam PHP terdapat operator artimatika,
assignment, bitwise, perbandingan, logika , increment / decrement yang
kesemuanya sama dengan C++ dalam cara penggunaannya.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">5. PERNYATAAN</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Dalam PHP juga terdapat <i>conditional
statement</i> yang cara penggunaannya sama seperti dalam C++.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">6. FUNGSI</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Dalam PHP, tipe data balikan sebuah fungsi
tidak di deklarasikan secara eksplisit seperti dalam C++. Dalam PHP, fungsi
tidak perlu dideklarasikan, cukup di definisikan saja. Pendefinisian fungsi
dapat diletakkan di awal, tengah, akhir maupun di file lain.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Contoh :</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>print "<form
action='$PHP_SELF?action=1' method='post'>";</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>print "Masukkan Nama
Anda : <input type='text' name='nama'<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>size=25>";<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>print "<input
type='submit' value=' OK '></form>";</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>if($action==1)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>{ </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>greet($nama);</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>}</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>function greet($str)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>{</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>$date = date(G); </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>if($date<11 &&
$date>=0)print"Selamat Pagi $str";</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>else if($date>=11
&& $date<15)print "Selamat Siang $str";</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>else if($date>=15
&& $date<18)print "Selamat Sore $str";</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>else print"Selamat
Malam $str";</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>}<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>?></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">7. OPERASI ARRAY</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Deklarasi array :</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">$divisi[3] = {“Divkom”,”Elektron”,”WS”};</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">$divisi = array(“Divkom”,”Elektron”,”WS”);</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Menghitung jumlah elemen array menggunakan fungsi count($array) </span><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-symbol-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Wingdings;">à</span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> contoh : count($divisi) menghasilkan nilai 3;</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Mengambil potongan elemen dari suatu array, menggunakan array_slice()</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>array_slice(variable_array,parameter_offset,
panjang);</span></div>
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<i><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">variable_array</span></i><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> adalah nama
variable array yang ingin kita potong. <i>Parameter_offset</i>, jika positif
menunjukkan elemen awal pemotongan dihitung dari depan, sedangkan jika negatif
di hitung dari belakang ( yaitu urutan ke <i>parameter_offset</i> dari belakang
). <i>Panjang</i> yaitu menentukan panjang elemen yang dipotong. Jika <i>panjang</i>
tidak diberikan, maka array dipotong mulai dari nilai elemen yang ditentukan
oleh <i>parameter_offset</i> sampai elemen terakhir.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">8. OPERASI FILE</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Membuka File </span><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-symbol-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Wingdings;">à</span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> fopen(nama_file, mode_akses);</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Menutup File<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-symbol-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Wingdings;">à</span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> fclose(file_pointer)</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Membaca Isi File </span><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-symbol-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Wingdings;">à</span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> fgets(file_pointer, panjang_string)<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Tag HTML
tidak diabaikan</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>fgetss(file_pointer, panjang_string) </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Mengabaikan tag HTML</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Menulis ke File </span><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-symbol-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Wingdings;">à</span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> fputs(file_pointer,string)</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Memeriksa apakah pointer telah berada di
akhir file </span><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-symbol-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Wingdings;">à</span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">
feof(file_pointer)</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Ket : </span><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-symbol-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Wingdings;">à</span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> Gunakan fungsi</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>mode_akes pada PHP sama dengan mode
akses pada C++.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>$file = fopen(“coba.txt”,”r+w”).
$file disebut sebagai file_pointer</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">9. PHP DAN MYSQL</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Bagian ini tidak membahas tentang MySQL,
namun bagian ini membahas pengaturan hubungan antara PHP dan MySQL secara
general. Mengenai struktur database, table, field mauoun pengertian querinya
diberikan pada modul MySQL.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Untuk dapat berhubungan dengan MySQL, PHP
harus membuka hubungan ke server MySQL, yaitu dengan</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>mysql_connect(nama_host, nama_user,
password);</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Setelah tersambung,
maka user memilih database, yaitu dengan</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>mysql_select_db(nama_database);</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Untuk mengeksekusi
query – query yang ada pada MySQL namun tidak dimiliki oleh PHP digunakan
fungsi</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>mysql_query(query);</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Mengenai query –
query yang ada, dapat anda lihat dalam modul MySQL.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Untuk mengambil hasil
query yang dilakukan oleh mysql_query() digunakan fungsi</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>mysql_fetch_row(result_id) atau</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>mysql_fetch_array(result_id)</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Beda antara
mysql_fetch_row() dan mysql_fetch_array() adalah pada mysql_fetch_array() hasil
yang diperoleh dalam bentuk array assosiatif.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Setelah penggunaan database mysql selesai,
maka koneksi diputus dengan menggunakan </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>mysql_close();</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">MODUL
PELATIHAN MySQL </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">oleh : m.irwan.hrp</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">1. PENDAHULUAN</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Untuk dapat mengakses database, maka
seorang user harus login terlebih dahulu</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"># mysql –u <i>nama_user
</i>–p</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>password : **********</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Jika berhasil ada</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Welcome to the MySQL monitor.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Commands end with ; or \g.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Your MySQL connection id is 2 to server
version: 3.23.32</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to
clear the buffer</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Adapun nama_user dan
password di buat oleh root mysql dengan perintah</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">mysql > insert
into user(host,user,password) </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>values(“localhost”,”nama_user”,password(“password”);</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Secara default,
privileges yang diberikan kepada user biasa adalah ‘N’ semua.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Jika anda ingin
memberikan privileges ‘Y’ kepada user anda, anda dapat melihat field privileges
pada table user.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">NB : Setiap query
diakhiri dengan tanda (;). Jika tanda ( ; ) tidak diberikan, maka MySQL</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Akan menganggap bahwa query anda belum
selesai.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">2. DATABASE, TABLE
DAN FIELD DASAR</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Dalam MySQL data disusun dalam suatu database,
yang didalamnya terdiri dari beberapa table dan didalam table terdapat beberapa
field.</span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">_______________DATABASE_____________</span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">|<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>|<span style="mso-tab-count: 3;"> </span> |</span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">TABLE1<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>TABLE2<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>TABLE3</span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">/<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>\<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>|<span style="mso-tab-count: 3;"> </span>/<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>\</span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">FIELD1<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>FIELD2<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>FIELD3<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>FIELD4<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>FIELD5</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Didalam Field itulah
entri data kita disimpan</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Untuk melihat semua
database:</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">mysql> show
databases;</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">+--------------------+</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">| Database<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>|</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">+--------------------+</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">| chat<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>|</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">| db_hnawri<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>|</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">| irwan00<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>|</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">| mysql<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>|</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">| questionnare <span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>|</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">| radio_kampus <span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>|</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">| smun39<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>|</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">| test<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>|</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">| waterbalance <span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>|</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">+-------------------<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>+</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">9 rows in set (0.00
sec)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Terlihat ada 9 buah
database. Secara default, database hanya ada 2, yaitu mysql dan test.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Misalkan saya ingin
menambahkan sebuah database baru bernama database divkom, maka</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">mysql> create
database divkom;</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Query OK, 1 row
affected (0.11 sec)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Untuk melihat apakah
database saya sudah ada, gunbakan kembali query show databases;</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Setelah database
divkom berhasil dibuat, maka kita akan akan membuat table – table.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Sebelum kita membuat
table di dalam database divkom maka kita harus memilih database divkom terlebih
dahulu dengan query.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">mysql> use divkom;</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Database changed</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Misalkan akan dibuat
table - table</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">1. Table kru yang
isinya </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>nama , nim , ttgl, alamat_bdg, telpon_bdg,
alamat_libur, telp_libur, skill</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">2. Table cakru yang
isinya</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>nama, nim, email, spesialisasi, nilai,
absensi</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Peintahnya</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">mysql> create
table kru(nama varchar(75),nim int(9),ttgl varchar(30),alamat_bdg</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">longtext,telp_bdg
varchar(15),alamat_libur longtext,telp_libur varchar(15), skill longtext,id
int(3) auto_increment primary key);</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Query OK, 0 rows
affected (0.17 sec)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">mysql> create
table cakru(nama varchar(75),nim int(9), email varchar(50), spesia</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">lisasi
varchar(15),nilai int(3), absensi int(3), id int(3) auto_increment primary
key);</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Query OK, 0 rows
affected (0.00 sec)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Untuk melihat table
yang telah kita buat</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">mysql> show
tables;</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">+-------------------------------+</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">| Tables_in_divkom <span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>|</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">+-------------------------------+</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">| cakru<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>|</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">| kru<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>|</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">+-------------------------------+</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">2 rows in set (0.00
sec)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Terlihat ada dua
table, yaitu cakru dan kru. Tapi kemanakah nama, nim dan sebagainya ?</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Nama, nim, ttgl,
email, dst disebut sebagai field.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Untuk melihat field –
fileds di dalam sebuah table digunakan perintah</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">mysql > show
fields from <i>nama_table;</i></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Misalkan kita ingin
melihat fields dari table kru, maka</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">mysql> show fields
from kru;</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">+--------------------+--------------------+---------+---------+----------
+----------------------------<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>+</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">| Field<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>|
Type<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>| Null <span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>| Key <span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>| Default<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>| Extra<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>|</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">+--------------------+-------------------<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>+---------<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>+---------<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>+----------+----------------------------<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>+</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">| nama<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>|
varchar(75)<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>| YES<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>|<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>| NULL<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>|<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>|</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">| nim<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>|
int(9)<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>| YES<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>|<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>| NULL<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>|<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>|</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">| ttgl<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>|
varchar(30) <span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>| YES<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>|<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>|
NULL<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>|<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>|</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">| alamat_bdg<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>|
longtext<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>| YES<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>|<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>| NULL<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>|<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>|</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">| telp_bdg<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>|
varchar(15) <span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>| YES<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>|<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>|
NULL<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>|<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>|</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">| alamat_libur <span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>| longtext<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>| YES<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>|<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>|
NULL<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>|<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>|</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">| telp_libur<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>|
varchar(15) <span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>| YES<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>|<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>|
NULL<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>|<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>|</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">| skill<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>|
longtext<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>| YES<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>|<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>| NULL<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>|<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>|</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">| id<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>|
int(3)<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>|<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>| PRI <span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>|
NULL<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>| auto_increment <span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>|</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">+--------------------+-------------------<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>+---------<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>+---------<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>+-----------+----------------------------<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>+</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">9 rows in set (0.07
sec)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">untuk mengisi table
kru gunakan</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">mysql> insert into
kru<nama,nim,ttgl,alamat_bdg,alamat_libur,telp_libur,skill)
values("Irwan”, "13200166","Jakarta 26 Juli
1982","Cisitu Indah","022 - 2530877</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">","Jakarta","021 -
8726154","PHP, MySQL, JavaScript, C, C++, FreeBSD, Linux, Ms</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Windows 2000
Professional");</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Dengan perintah
seperti diatas, anda dapat mengisi sebagian fields saja.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Untuk melihat seluruh
isi field gunakan</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">mysql > select *
from kru;</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Untuk melihat nama
dan nim saja gunakan perintah</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">mysql> select
nama,nim from kru;</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Untuk melihat nama
dan nim dari kru yang bernama Irwan gunakan perintah</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">mysql> select
nama,nim from kru where nama=”Irwan”;</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Untuk melihat nama
dan nim dari kru yang rumah aslinya di Jakarta,
gunakan perintah</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">mysql> select nama,nim
from kru where alamat_libur like “%Jakarta%”;</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Query like di gunakan
untuk mencari kata yang mirip, sedangkan ( % ) analoginya sama dengan tanda *
dalam unix atau windows, yaitu sebagai <i>wildchar character.</i></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">3. DATABASE, TABLE
DAN FIELD LANJUT</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>3.1.Menghapus database</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>mysql> drop database divkom;</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 9.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>3.2 Menghapus table kru</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 9.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>mysql> drop table kru;</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 9.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>3.3 Menghapus field spesialisasi
dalam table cakru;</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 9.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>mysql> alter table cakru
drop spesialisasi;</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 9.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>3.4 Menambah field spesialisasi dalam
table cakru</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 9.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>mysql> alter table cakru
drop spesialisasi varchar(5);</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 9.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>3.5 Ternyata ukuran data
spesialisasi terlalu kecil dan ingin diubah menjadi varchar(25)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 9.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>mysql> alter table cakru
modify spesialisasi varchar(25);</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>3.6 Menghapus semua entri dalam field</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 9.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>mysql> delete from<i> </i>kru;</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>3.7 Menghapus entri dalam field ( misalkan
entri yang bernama Irwan saja)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>mysql> delete from<i> </i>kru<i> </i>where
nama=”Irwan”;</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
</div>
jujurhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05687765228352366156noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2068584858024834626.post-44378148841314422392016-04-05T10:22:00.000-07:002016-04-05T10:22:00.972-07:00SASD, DASD, Batch Processing, On-Line Processing dan Real Time Processing (Tugas 4)<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<div dir="ltr" id="docs-internal-guid-294738ce-e771-d880-37e0-305b34637dda" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 14pt; margin-top: 5pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 32px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><br /></span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">18 Oct </span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 14pt; margin-top: 14pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Dalam penulisan blog sekarang saya akan membahas tentang apa itu SASD, DASD, Batch Processing, On-Line Processing dan Real Time Processing. SASD dan DASD itu merupakan media penyimpanan atau dua cara pengasksesan data, sedangkan Bacth Processing, On-Line Processing dan Real Time Processing adalah Teknik-teknik pengolahan data atau pemrosesan data. Media penyimpanan/storage atau memori pada komputer dapat dibedakan menjadi 2 yaitu primary memory dan secondary memory. Untuk lebih jelasnya akan coba saya jelaskan… semoga bisa bermanfaat buat yang membaca.</span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 14pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">A. Media Penyimpanan</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 9.6px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: super;">(1)</span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 14pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">1. Primary Memory</span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 14pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> Primary memory merupakan primary storage atau internal storage</span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 14pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">a. </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Ada 4 bagian di dalam primary storage, yaitu</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> :</span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 14pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">1) Input Storage Area : untuk menampung data yang dibaca.</span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 14pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">2) Program Storage Area : penyimpanan instruksi-instruksi untuk pengolahan.</span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 14pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">3) Working Storage Area : tempat dimana pemrosesan data dilakukan.</span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 14pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">4) Output Storage Area : penyimpanan informasi yang telah diolah untuk sementara waktu sebelum disalurkan ke alat-alat output.</span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 14pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">b. Primary Memory komputer terdiri dari 2 bagian yaitu :</span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 14pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> 1) RAM (Random Acces Memory)</span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 14pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Bagian dari main memory, yang dapat kita isi dengan data atau program dari disket atau sumber lain. Dimana data-data dapat ditulis maupun dibaca pada lokasi dimana saja didalam memori.</span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 14pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> 2) ROM (Read Only Memory)</span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 14pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Memori yang hanya dapat dibaca. Pengisian ROM dengan program maupun data, dikerjakan oleh pabrik. ROM biasanya sudah ditulisi program maupun data dari pabrik dengan tujuan-tujuan khusus. Misalnya : diisi penterjemah dalam bahasa BASIC.</span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 14pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> 2. Secondary Memory</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 9.6px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: super;">(2)</span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 14pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Memori pada CPU sangat terbatas sekali dan hanya dapat menyimpan informasi untuk sementara waktu. Karena itu alat penyimpanan data yang permanen sangat diperlukan. Informasi yang disimpan pada alat-alat tersebut dapat diambil dan ditransfer pada CPU pada saat diperlukan. Alat tersebut dinamakan secondary memory/auxiliary memory atau backing storage.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">a. Jenis-jenis Secondary Storage, yaitu :</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">1) Serial/Sequential Access Storage Device (SASD)</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Prosesnya lambat karena untuk mencari data tertentu harus selalu dimulai dari awal. Sudah jarang dipakai dan umumnya hanya untuk bcakup data seperti Magnetic Tape. </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 9.6px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: super;">(3)</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> Contoh : Magnetic Tape, Punched Card, Punched Paper Tape.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">a. Magnetic Tape </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 9.6px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: super;">(4)</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Magnetic tape adalah model pertama dari secondary memory. Tape ini juga dipakai untuk alat Input/Output dimana informasi dimasukkan ke CPU dari tape dan informasi diambil dari CPU lalu disimpan pada tape lainnya. Panjang tape pada umumnya 2400 feet, lebarnya 0.5 inch dan tebalnya 2 mm. Data disimpan dalam bintik kecil yang bermagnit dan tidak tampak pada bahan plastik yang dilapisi ferroksida. Flexible plastiknya disebut mylar. Mekanisme aksesnya adalah tape drive. Jumlah data yang ditampung tergantung pada model tape yang digunakan. Untuk tape yang panjangnya 2400 feet, dapat menampung kira-kira 23.000.000 karakter. Penyimpanan data pada tape adalah dengan cara sekuensial.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: blue; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><img alt="http://moethya26.files.wordpress.com/2012/10/magnetic-tape-sasd1.jpg?w=227&h=300" height="300" src="https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/iyrw0BnN97460Ti0VgWATzpMZXabijMCY6x25E-MDNfCsqGiNZKyk-ni_5faeJLe3NelSqnZB6CWe4hUeuLH6v7wLiyLrm1VnX2zmiO9Q6RD0rwaHI_tZD3muFQxjDSSTVRGxtXXDffg_i3wsQ" style="-webkit-transform: rotate(0.00rad); border: none; transform: rotate(0.00rad);" width="227" /></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: blue; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><img alt="http://moethya26.files.wordpress.com/2012/10/punched-card-reader-sasd.jpg?w=252&h=300" height="300" src="https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/LDcRdeZnS6YJ0KYdm1g3toXwFJv6eRsc8opl0ZMgxWrCWdJT1U6QvPkKSrRTuHwdlz92NI3IbD1e9E0bgR_JcOfsMd9XPZUJb16DbLsxtIl2CahcNk1BlPICPEjq2gsGEkmomlV-1MI6fSwG2A" style="-webkit-transform: rotate(0.00rad); border: none; transform: rotate(0.00rad);" width="252" /></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: blue; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><img alt="http://moethya26.files.wordpress.com/2012/10/paper-tape-sasd.jpg?w=256&h=300" height="300" src="https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/EnVVeI5MWWiD8eXaFOcgO6JxYG_Au_OTHr5D_jbd0MWSb4B0GYeQi4EBfLV55S29KYilBFLK_mzwlyOD2BBV-sV-vgqaWGv8HSptVhH9oSalgGoD4jtB5hybQmF5-VpB11QigDFk7P64T2UzNQ" style="-webkit-transform: rotate(0.00rad); border: none; transform: rotate(0.00rad);" width="256" /></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">a) Keuntungan Penggunaan Magnetic Tape</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">- Panjang record tidak terbatas.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">- Density data tinggi.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">- Volume penyimpanan datanya besar dan harganya murah.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">- Kecepatan transfer data tinggi.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">- Sangat efisien bila semua atau kebanyakan record dari sebuah</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">tape file memerlukan pemrosesan seluruhnya.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">b) Keterbatasan Penggunaan Magnetic Tape</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">- Akses langsung terhadap record lambat.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">- Masalah lingkungan.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">- Memerlukan penafsiran terhadap mesin.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">- Proses harus sekuensial.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">2) Direct Access Storage Device (DASD)</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">DASD atau media penyimpanan akses langsung adalah media arsip utama (file master) yang baik, arsip utama adalah gambaran konseptual dari salah satu sumber daya perusahaan atau unsur lingkungan. Penggunaan DASD lainnya yang populer adalah media penyimpanan sementara yang berfungsi untuk menampung data semi-terproses, misalnya data dapat di transfer dari satu program ke program lainnya dalam bentuk piringan</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 9.6px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: super;">(5). </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Dalam pengambilan data tertentu tidak perlu dicari dari awal, tetapi bisa langsung ke data yang dituju. Oleh karena itu, prosesnya lebih cepat dibanding SASD. </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 9.6px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: super;">(6)</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> Contoh : Magnetic Disk, Floppy Disk, Mass Storage.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">a. Magnetic Disk</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 9.6px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: super;">(7)</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">RAMAC </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">(Random Access) adalah DASD pertama yang dibuat oleh industri komputer. Pada magnetic disk kecepatan rata-rata rotasi piringannya sangat tinggi. Access arm dengan read/write head yang posisinya diantara piringanpiringan, dimana pengambilan dan penyimpanan representasi datanya pada permukaan piringan. Data disimpan dalam track.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">b. Karakteristik Secara Fisik Pada Magnetic Disk</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 9.6px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: super;">(8)</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">- Disk pack adalah jenis alat penyimpanan pada magnetic disk, yang terdiri dari beberapa tumpukan piringan alumunium.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">- Dalam sebuah pack/tumpukan umumnya terdiri dari 11 piringan, setiap piringan diameternya 14 inch (8 inch pada minidisk) dan menyerupai piringan hitam.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">- Permukaannya dilapisi dengan metal oxide film yang mengandung magnetisasi seperti pada magnetic tape. Banyaknya track pada piringan menunjukkan karakteristik penyimpanan pada lapisan permukaan, kapasitas disk drive dan mekanisme akses.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">- Disk mempunyai 200-800 track per permukaan (banyaknya track pada piringan adalah tetap). Pada disk pack yang terdiri dari 11 piringan mempunyai 20 permukaan untuk menyimpan data.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">- Kedua sisi dari setiap piringan digunakan untuk menyimpan data, kecuali pada permukaan yang paling atas dan paling bawah tidak digunakan untuk menyimpan data, karena pada bagian tersebut lebih mudah terkena kotoran/debu dari pada permukaan yang di dalam. Arm pada permukaan luar hanya dapat mengakses separuh data.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">- Untuk mengakses, disk pack disusun pada disk drive yang didalamnya mempunyai sebuah controller, access arm, read/write head dan mekanisme untuk rotasi pack.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">c. Keuntungan Penggunaan Magnetic Disk</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 9.6px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: super;">(9)</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">- Akses terhadap suatu record dapat dilakukan secara sekuensial atau direct.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">- Waktu yang dibutuhkan untuk mengakses suatu record lebih cepat.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">- Respon time cepat.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">d. Keterbatasan Penggunaan Magnetic Disk</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">- Harga lebih mahal</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">B. Teknik-teknik Pengolahan Data atau Pemrosesan Data</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Ada berbagai macam teknik pengolahan data, beberapa diantaranya akan dijelaskan di bawah ini :</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">1. Batch Processing</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Batch Processing juga dikenal sebagai Sequential Processing atau serial processing, yaitu suatu pengolahan data di mana data dikumpulkan dalam kelompok-kelompok yang agak besar sebelum dimasukkan sebagai input dalam komputer untuk periode tertentu kemudian baru dilakukan pengolahan data yang klasik. Proses ini jauh lebih banyak digunakan dalam sistem informasi manajemen.</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 9.6px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: super;">(10)</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Proses pengolahan data dengan cara menumpuk pekerjaan dan nantinya akan dikerjakan sekaligus. Batch processing merupakan cara terbaik untuk memanfaatkan waktu komputer. Namun untuk mengembangkan program komputer, cara batch sangat tidak efisien.</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 9.6px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: super;">(11)</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Batch Processing adalah suatu model pengolahandata, dengan menghimpun data terlebih dahulu, dandata, dengan menghimpun data terlebih dahulu, dandiatur pengelompokkan datanya dalam kelompok diatur pengelompokkan datanya dalam kelompok–kelompok yang disebut batch.kelompok yang disebut batch.</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 9.6px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: super;">(12)</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">a. Enam tahap yang harus dilalui pada batch processing, yaitu :</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 9.6px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: super;">(13)</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">1) Conversion atau konversi</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">2) Edit atau koreksi</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">3) Sorting atau pengurutan</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">4) File maintenance atau pemelihharaan file</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">5) File extraction atau pengutip/cuplikan</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">6) Report generator atau membuat laporan</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> 2. On Line Processing (Pengolahan Langsung)</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">On-Line Processing adalah pengolahan data yang dilaksanakan oleh peralatan yang secara langsung dikontrol CPU, pada pengolahan ini dalam banyak hal masih diperlukan peralatan tambahan untuk data yang dikirim dan diolah yaitu Magnetic tape Unit atau Disc Storage device dan lainnya. </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 9.6px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: super;">(14)</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Pengolahan langsung dikembangkan untuk mengatasi masalah arsip yang ketinggalan jaman. Terobosan teknologi yang memungkinkan pengolahan langsung adalah penyimpanan piring magnetik</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 9.6px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: super;">(15)</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">3. Real Time Processing</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Real Time adalah pengolahan data yang berjalan secara paralel dengan proses fisik sehingga hasil dari pengolahan data itu muncul secara berurutan, real time dalam sistem pemesanan tempat pada penerbangan udara adalah waktu yang diperlukan untuk mengolah jawabannya selagi pelanggan masih berada pada pesawat teleponnya.</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 9.6px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: super;">(16)</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Istilah yang sesungguhnya sering digunakan berkaitan dengan sistem komputer. Sistem yang sesungguhnya ini ada yang mengatakan sebenarnya merupakan sistem yang langsung (online) juga. Anda mungkin sering mendengar seseorang berkata “Kami memiliki sistem yang realtime”. Sistem yang sesungguhnya adalah suatu sistem yang mengendalikan sistem fisik. Sistem ini mengharuskan komputer merespon dengan cepat status sistem fisik. Sistem yang sesungguhnya adalah bentuk khusus dari sistem langsung, sistem langsung menyediakan sumber daya konseptual yang mutahir dan sistem yang sesungguhnya memperluas kemampuan tersebut dengan menggunakan daya konseptual untuk menentukan operasi dari sitem fisik. Misalnya kalian ingin menulis cek untuk membayar pembelian disebuah toko serba ada, dan petugasnya menanyakan nomor kartu identitas anda. Lalu petugas memasukkan nomor tersebut ke dalam mesin cash register yang dihubungkan dengan komputer, dan komputer melakukan pemeriksaan pinjaman (Credit), jika pinjaman anda baik anda diijinkan untuk melakukan pembelian, jika tidak anda tidak bisa membeli dengan kartu kredit. Itu artinya komputer menentukan apakah suatu penjualan terjadi, komputer mengendalikan sistem fisik. (dasd4)</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 9.6px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: super;">(17)</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">a. Berdasarkan batasan waktu yang dimilikinya, Real time system ini dibagi atas:</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 9.6px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: super;">(18) </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">1. Hard Real time</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">2. Soft Real time</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">3. Firm Real time</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">b. Komponen dari Real time system ini adalah:</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 9.6px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: super;"> (19)</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">1. Perangkat keras</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">2. Sistem Operasi Real time</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">3. Bahasa Pemrograman Real time</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> 4. Sistem Komunikasi</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Referensi :</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 9.6px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: super;">(1)(2)(4)(7)(8)(9)</span><a href="http://scholar.google.co.id/scholar?hl=id&q=media+penyimpanan+SASD&btnG" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: blue; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;">http://scholar.google.co.id/scholar?hl=id&q=media+penyimpanan+SASD&btnG</span></a></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 9.6px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: super;">(3)(6)</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> Ukar, K. (2006). </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Student guide series: Pengenalan komputer</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">. Jakarta : PT Elex Media Komputindo. (google.books.co.id).</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 9.6px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: super;">(5)(15)(17)</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> Jimmy L. Gaol. (2008). </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Sistem informasi manajemen : Pemahaman dan aplikasi</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">. Grasindo (google.books.co.id).</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 9.6px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: super;">(10)(14)(16)</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> Suyanto, M. (2005). </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Pengantar teknologi informasi untuk bisnis. </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Yogyakarta : C.V. Andi Offset (Penerbit Andi). (google.books.co.id)</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 9.6px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: super;">(11) </span><a href="http://deskripsi.com/komputer/batch-processing" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: blue; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;">http://deskripsi.com/komputer/batch-processing</span></a></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 9.6px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: super;">(12) </span><a href="http://www.scribd.com/doc/56135038/Batch-Processing-System" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: blue; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;">http://www.scribd.com/doc/56135038/Batch-Processing-System</span></a></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 9.6px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: super;">(13)</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Sulianta, F. (2010). </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">IT ergonomics</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">. Jakarta : PT Elex Media Komputindo. (google.books.co.id).</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 9.6px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: super;"> (18-19)</span><a href="http://rapiudin357.blogspot.com/2011/02/real-time-audit-real-time-audit-atau.html" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: blue; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;">http://rapiudin357.</span></a></div>
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<a href="http://moethya26.wordpress.com/2012/10/18/sasd-dasd-batch-processing-on-line-processing-dan-real-time-processing-tugas-4/" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: blue; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;">http://moethya26.wordpress.com/2012/10/18/sasd-dasd-batch-processing-on-line-processing-dan-real-time-processing-tugas-4/</span></a></div>
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jujurhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05687765228352366156noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2068584858024834626.post-54047819737243660832016-04-05T10:18:00.001-07:002016-04-05T10:18:52.295-07:00MAKALAH APLIKASI IT<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 18.666666666666664px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">MAKALAH APLIKASI IT</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Diajukan untuk memenuhi salah satu tugas mata kuliah</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Aplikasi IT tentang web menggunakan Css dan Html</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><img alt="C:\Users\Asus\Pictures\jpg\unikomm.jpg" height="288" src="https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/jnhZGIPPEHW_Cdcm-ynuzXjY3QMjKg5OvUxQtpO7UxWPf8FVOGgLsnlu1WMQgld3bDblQGYR2c9fK2dhgnlax0ctY0NcjmrV_67vxDdda2EUcO9CQ_DEGXBrUvvcq9LbctGkWcH9JEQGClxwnQ" style="-webkit-transform: rotate(0.00rad); border: none; transform: rotate(0.00rad);" width="318" /></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;">Disusun Oleh:</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Nama:</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">1.Edwin Aulia Nugraha/10112696</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">2.Kristo Lamhot Siallagan/10112687</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">3. Jujur Soaloon Sitanggang/10112672</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">FAKULTAS TEKNIK DAN ILMU KOMPUTER</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">UNIVERSITAS UNIKOM INDONESIA</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">2012/2013</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 18.666666666666664px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">KATA PENGANTAR</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Dengan nama Allah yang maha pengasih dan maha penyayang. Segala puji dan syukur bagi Allah yang dengan ridho-Nya kita dapat menyelesaikan makalah ini dengan baik dan lancar. Sholawat dan salam tetap kami haturkan kepada junjungan kita Nabi besar Muhammad saw dan untuk para keluarga, sahabat dan pengikut-pengikutnya yang setia mendampingi beliau. Terima kasih kepada keluarga teman-teman dan yang terlibat dalam pembuatan makalah ini yang dengan do'a dan bimbingannya makalah ini dapat terselesaikan dengan lancar.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Dalam makalah ini, kami menguraikan tentang ”Membuat web dengan menggunakan Css dan Html” yang kami ambil dari berbagai sumber, diantaranya buku dan internet. Makalah ini diharapkan bisa menambah wawasan dan pengetahuan yang selama ini kita cari. Kami berharap bisa dimafaatkan semaksimal mugkin.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Tidak ada gading yang tak retak, demikian pula makalah ini, oleh karena itu saran dan kritik yang membangun tetap kami nantikan dan kami harapkan demi kesempurnaan makalah ini.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> Bandung, Januari 2013</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Penyusun</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">KATA PENGANTAR </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">i</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">DAFTAR ISI</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">ii</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">DAFTAR GAMBAR</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">iii</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">BAB I PENDAHULUAN</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">1</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">1.1 Pendahuluan</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">1</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">1.2 Latar Belakang</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">1</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">1.3 Maksud dan Tujuan</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">2</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">1.3.1 Maksud</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">2</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">1.3.2 Tujuan</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">2</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">1.4 Rumusan / Batasan Masalah</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">3</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">BAB II LANDASAN TEORI</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">4</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">2.1 Menu</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">4</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">2.2 HTML (Hyper Text Markup languange)</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">4</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">2.2.1 HTML Secara Umum</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">4</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">2.2.2 HTML Secara Khusus</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">5</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">2.3 CSS (Cassading style sheet)</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">5</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">2.3.1 CSS Secara Umum</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">5</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">2.3.2 CSS Secara Khusus</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">6</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">BAB III IMPLEMENTASI</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">7</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">3.1 Hasil Web Site</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">7</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">3.2 Penggunaan Syntax HTML</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">7</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">3.3 Penggunaan Syntax CSS</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">12</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">BAB IV PENUTUP</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">15</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">4.1 Kesimpulan</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">15</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">4.2 Penutup………………………………………………………………………...15</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 18.666666666666664px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">DAFTAR GAMBAR</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Gambar 3.1 Tampilan Home</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">10</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Gambar 3.2 Tampilan Menu</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">11</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Gambar 3.3 Tampilan Menu Home Sebelum Diklik</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">11</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Gambar 3.4 Tampilan Menu Home Setelah Diklik</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">12</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Gambar 3.5 Tampilan Bagian Menu jika </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: red; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">#nav-v li </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Tidak di gunakan</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">13</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 18.666666666666664px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">BAB I</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 18.666666666666664px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">PENDAHULUAN</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">1.1 </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Pendahuluan</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Dewasa ini,penggunaan website sebagai salah satu media penyampain informasi sudah sedemikian luasnya.Biaya yang murah, kemudahan akses dan efesiensi menjadi salah satu alasan semakin luasnya penggunaan website tersebut. Kebutuhan akan sebuah informasi juga menjadi salah satu faktor pendorong perkembangan website.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Sebagai salah satu organisasi yang bersifat nasional,segala informasi yang berhubungan dengan website menyediakan berbagai media yang mungkin untuk memenuhi kebutuhan akan informasi mengenai website.Dengan alasan tersebut, maka dikembangkanlah sebuah website yang bertujuan sebagai media penyampaian informasi mengenai segala sesuatu yang erhubungan dengan website. Diharapkan dengan adanya website ini masyarakat akan semakin mengenal siapa itu website berikut sepak terjangnya.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Selain sebagai media informasi,website website juga bertujuan menjadi salah satu media komunikasi bagi anggota-anggotanya. website yang bersifat nasional,tentunya memiliki anggota-anggota dari berbagai pelosok daerah.tentunya dengan hambatan berupa jarak dan waktu,menyebabkan terhambatnya komunikasi.Diharapkan dengan adanya website website,hambatan komunikassi tersebut dapat diatasi.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Saat ini,website website telah dilauncing.untuk menjelaskan bagaimana penggunaan dan pengoperasian dari website website.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">1.2 </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Latar Belakang</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Era intenet yang berkembang kian pesat telah melahirkan sebuah tutunan terhadap penguasaan dalam pembuatan css dan html. Sebuah html maupun css menarik dan interaktif dapat digunakan sebagai salah satu cara meningkatkan sebuah web site. Banyak bahasa yang digunakan untuk membangun web site antaralain adalah HTML,CSS,JavaScrip,dan XML.Maka dari itu penulis membuat web untuk memudahkan dalam membuat web site tanpa harus membuat di content.banyak orang yang membuat web site dengan tidak memerhatikan desain dari web sitenya tersebut dan terkadang web site tersebut tidak berfungsi sebagai mestinya yang dibutuhkan oleh sipembuat website,karena banyaknya content yang harus diketik,maka dari itu css dapat mempersingkat penulisan content tersebut.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">1.3</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> Maksud dan Tujuan</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">1.3.1 Maksud</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Maksud dibuatnya web menggunakan Css dan Html ini adalah</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Sebagai salah satu syarat untuk memenuhi tugas besar yang diberikan bapak erik wijaya. S.kom</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Sebagai salah satu tahap syarat untuk lulus semester dua</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Untuk memperoleh pengetahuan tentang web yang dibuat dengan menggunakan Css dan Html.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Tujuan</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> Selama membuat tugas besar web menggunakan Css dan Html ini memiliki tujuan sebagai berikut: </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Meningkatkan dan memperluaskan pendidikan dibidang teknologi dan informasi khususnya Web site</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Memberi pengalaman nyata dalam membuat Web menggunakan Css dan Html</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Melatih kemampuan berfikir dalam mendesain sebuah Web</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">1.4</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> Rumusan / Batasan Masalah</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Bagaimana agar web site yang akan kita buat berfungsi sesuai dengan yang kita inginkan?</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Bagaimana membuat suatu menu itu beraturan?</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Bagaimana agar menu tersebut dapat berfungsi sesuai dengan yang kita inginkan?</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Bagaimana agar web site tersbut terlihat bagus dan mempunyai desain yang menarik ?</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 18.666666666666664px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">BAB II </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 18.666666666666664px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">LANDASAN TEORI</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">2.1 </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Menu</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Menu adalah serangkaian pilihan-pilihan yang dapat di klik atau dipilih unutuk melakukan tugas tertentu.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Menu dan elemen - elemen menu :</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Menu Bar : baris menu utama yang terletak dibagian atas suatu aplikasi.menu utama ini mengandung pilihan pilihan menu.</span></div>
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<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.3800000000000001; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Pilihan Menu : pilihan menu yang dapat dipilih oleh user.</span></div>
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<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.3800000000000001; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Submenu : pilihan menu didalam menu.</span></div>
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<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.3800000000000001; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Superator : garis pemisah antara menu.</span></div>
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<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.3800000000000001; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Tanda Cek : symbol yang menendakan menu tersebut sedang dipilih.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Shortcut : tombol kombinasi yang dapat ditekan pada keyboard untuk menjalankan perintah menu.</span></div>
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<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.3800000000000001; margin-bottom: 10pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.3800000000000001; margin-bottom: 10pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">2.2 </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">HTML (Hyper Text Markup Languange)</span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.3800000000000001; margin-bottom: 10pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">2.2.1 HTML Secara Umum</span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.7999999999999998; margin-bottom: 10pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Salah satu elemen teknologi informasi ialah perangkat lunak yang mendukung operasi perangkat keras computer</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">.</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> Secara umum HTML (Hyper Text Markup languange) yaitu untuk memanipulasi browser sehingga dapat dibaca oleh pengguna computer.Tampilan tersebut dilakukan melalui tag-tag yang ditulis dalam HTML. Dengan demikian browser akan menghasilkan tampilan yang sesuai dengan perintah-perintah yang sudah dibuat atau ditetapkan terlebih dahulu. Fungsi utama Html adalah memberi perintah kepada browser untuk melakukan manipulasi tampilan melalui tag – tag yang di tulis dalam Html dengan demikian browser akan menghasilkan tampilan yang sesuai dengan perintah – perintah yang sudah di buat atau di terapkan terlebih dahulu. Untuk menuliskan suatu dokumen Html dapat di gunakan perangkat lunak sederhana atau pun yang khusus , di antaranya adalah :</span></div>
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<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.7999999999999998; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Note pad</span></div>
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<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.7999999999999998; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Dreamweaver</span></div>
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<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.7999999999999998; margin-bottom: 10pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Ultraedit , dll.</span></div>
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</ul>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.7999999999999998; margin-bottom: 10pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Setelah menulliskan dokumen tersebut di atas lakukan perintah save as dengan nama dan </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">.HTML</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> dan pada bagian perintah save as types pilih all files.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">2.2.2 HTML Secara Khusus</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Format Html yang kami buat dalam website ini yaitu:</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><html></span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.3800000000000001; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><head></span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.3800000000000001; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><title></span></div>
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<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.3800000000000001; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"></title></span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.3800000000000001; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"></head></span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.3800000000000001; margin-bottom: 10pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><body></span></div>
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<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.3800000000000001; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"></body></span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.3800000000000001; margin-bottom: 10pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"></html></span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.3800000000000001; margin-bottom: 10pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Keterangan :</span></div>
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<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.3800000000000001; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><Html> sebagai tag pembuka pada html</span></div>
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<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.3800000000000001; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><HTML> sampai dengan </HEAD> disebut sebagai bagian pertama.</span></div>
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<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.3800000000000001; margin-bottom: 10pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Antara <BODY> sampai dengan </HTML> disebut sebagai bagian kedua atau isi.</span></div>
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<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.3800000000000001; margin-bottom: 10pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">2.3 </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">CSS (Cassading Style Sheet)</span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.3800000000000001; margin-bottom: 10pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">2.3.1 CSS Secara Umum</span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.7999999999999998; margin-bottom: 10pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Secara umum CSS (Cassading style sheet) adalah standard pembuatan dan pemakaian style untuk dokumen terstuktur,CSS digunakan untuk mempersingkat tag HTML dan menjadi lebih ringkas sehingga tidak terjadi pengulangan tulisan. Css juga digunakan untuk mengatur tampilan suatu website, baik letaknya, jenis huruf, warna dan semua yang berhubungan dengan tampilan. Sebagai ilustrasi bahwa HTML diibaratkan adalah orang dan CSS yang membuat orang tersebut menjadi tampil cantik atau tampan dengan menggunakan pakaian yang bagus, perhiasan, make-up dan sebagainya. CSS dapat diimplementasikan dalam 3 cara yaitu :</span></div>
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<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.7999999999999998; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Inline Style</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> yaitu menjadi atribut dalam tag HTML, atributnya adalah style. Cara pendefinisian property dan nilainya adalah sebagai berikut : </span><img height="33" src="https://docs.google.com/drawings/d/sR5H5fbxhPsNyyTq05rH9Fw/image?w=525&h=33&rev=1&ac=1" style="-webkit-transform: rotate(0.00rad); border: none; transform: rotate(0.00rad);" width="525" /></div>
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</ul>
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<ul style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.3800000000000001; margin-bottom: 10pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Internal Style Sheet </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">atau </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Embed Style</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> yaitu berada di dalam tag <HEAD> yakni untuk CSS didefinisikan sebagai berikut :</span><img height="33" src="https://docs.google.com/drawings/d/sei7pb7QRPYTQh3F5ye4h7w/image?w=525&h=33&rev=1&ac=1" style="-webkit-transform: rotate(0.00rad); border: none; transform: rotate(0.00rad);" width="525" /></div>
</li>
</ul>
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<ul style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.3800000000000001; margin-bottom: 10pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">External Style Sheet </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">yaitu style CSS berada terpisah pada sebuah file .CSS sedangkan untuk pemanggilannya dalam dokumen HTML yang akan menggunakannya dilakukan dengan cara :</span><img height="33" src="https://docs.google.com/drawings/d/sO6SV9AKPs2W6i3cVW5rB7g/image?w=525&h=33&rev=1&ac=1" style="-webkit-transform: rotate(0.00rad); border: none; transform: rotate(0.00rad);" width="525" /></div>
</li>
</ul>
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<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.3800000000000001; margin-bottom: 10pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">2.3.2 CSS Secara Khusus</span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.7999999999999998; margin-bottom: 10pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Css didalam adalah sebagai pengatur warna dan tampilan agar website terlihat lebih bagus dan dalam website yang kami buat ini yang lebih di tonjolkan adalah desain website dan image,dalam css ini kami juga membuat aturan penggunaan css seperti selector,property dan lain sebagainya. </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.3800000000000001; margin-bottom: 10pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 18.666666666666664px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">BAB III</span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.3800000000000001; margin-bottom: 10pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 18.666666666666664px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">IMPLEMENTASI</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">3.1</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> Hasil Web Site</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Sesuai dengan Tugas yang di berikan oleh Bapak yaitu membuat web menggunakan Css , maka hasil kerja tidak dapat di lihat dalam makalah ini , karena menggunakan alat komputerisai dan hanya dapat di lihat dalam computer makalah ini hanya menjelaskan secara teori saja, maka dari itu kami juga melaporkan web dalam bentuk CD . Sehingga dapat di lihat secara detail dan keseluruhan dalam web site sederhana ini .</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">3.2</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Penggunaan Syntax HTML </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Dalam pembuatan sebuah web ini kami menggunakan tag Html sebagai berikut :</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;"><html></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Diawali dengan pembuka yaitu html.</span><img height="3" src="https://docs.google.com/drawings/d/s3r997B7q5EBcoXxwsdm5ew/image?w=85&h=3&rev=1&ac=1" style="-webkit-transform: rotate(0.00rad); border: none; transform: rotate(0.00rad);" width="85" /></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;"><head></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Berfungsi untuk menulisakan keterangan tentang web yang akan di tampilkan.</span><img height="3" src="https://docs.google.com/drawings/d/sxOpbCFpulLPzH5df4rn-qw/image?w=85&h=3&rev=1&ac=1" style="-webkit-transform: rotate(0.00rad); border: none; transform: rotate(0.00rad);" width="85" /></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;"><title>saroha</title</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">> yaitu judul dari web site tersebut</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">dan tanda / adalah sebagai penutup.</span><img height="3" src="https://docs.google.com/drawings/d/sIZNuOXAfUqZoIp9EJxSgug/image?w=85&h=3&rev=1&ac=1" style="-webkit-transform: rotate(0.00rad); border: none; transform: rotate(0.00rad);" width="85" /></div>
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<img height="63" src="https://docs.google.com/drawings/d/sqmLBU0ZpC93f6cFRWd__QA/image?w=524&h=63&rev=1&ac=1" style="-webkit-transform: rotate(0.00rad); border: none; transform: rotate(0.00rad);" width="524" /><br />
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Fungsi </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;"><link rel="stylesheet" href=”isi yang akan dipanggil” >untuk memangil sebuah Css yang telah di buat.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;"></head></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> tanda / adalah sebagai penutup head</span><img height="3" src="https://docs.google.com/drawings/d/sikhIwuTghtDjvOjYf-GSaA/image?w=85&h=3&rev=1&ac=1" style="-webkit-transform: rotate(0.00rad); border: none; transform: rotate(0.00rad);" width="85" /></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;"><body></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> Merupakan section utama dalam dokumen web dan semua isi dokumen akan ditampilkan didalam browser. </span><img height="3" src="https://docs.google.com/drawings/d/s34A4RYytkqdgvMovhhJVYA/image?w=85&h=3&rev=1&ac=1" style="-webkit-transform: rotate(0.00rad); border: none; transform: rotate(0.00rad);" width="85" /></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;"><table border="1" width="1000"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> untuk menebalkan table </span><img height="3" src="https://docs.google.com/drawings/d/sHW5TEPKrM_jakjDSuvn6EA/image?w=85&h=3&rev=1&ac=1" style="-webkit-transform: rotate(0.00rad); border: none; transform: rotate(0.00rad);" width="85" /></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;"> <tr></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;"> <td colspan="3" width="1000" height=100 align="center" background="sipiso-piso.jpg"></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> untuk menampilkan gambar</span><img height="3" src="https://docs.google.com/drawings/d/sXS26RLfq72qtd8NW-wdiKQ/image?w=85&h=3&rev=1&ac=1" style="-webkit-transform: rotate(0.00rad); border: none; transform: rotate(0.00rad);" width="85" /></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;"><font size=16 face="DigifaceWide" Color="00FF00">APLIKASI IT</font></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;"></tr> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">_</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> untuk menampilkan kata “APLIKASI IT” dengan warna hijau muda.</span><img height="3" src="https://docs.google.com/drawings/d/sBBaZOprDZkmwMV-8UjiUSQ/image?w=85&h=3&rev=1&ac=1" style="-webkit-transform: rotate(0.00rad); border: none; transform: rotate(0.00rad);" width="85" /></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;"> <tr> </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;"> <td colspan="3" width="1000" height="30" align="center" bgcolor="grey"></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;"> <center> </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;"> <font face="gabriola" color="#00FF00"></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">untuk menentukan jenis huruf.</span><img height="3" src="https://docs.google.com/drawings/d/s8r1SYLti0NzP7mUlTR6XbA/image?w=85&h=3&rev=1&ac=1" style="-webkit-transform: rotate(0.00rad); border: none; transform: rotate(0.00rad);" width="85" /></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;"> <div id="nav-h"></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> Untuk nge-Link ke tab lain.</span><img height="3" src="https://docs.google.com/drawings/d/srOBgSETUUm924TVHu71Vqg/image?w=85&h=3&rev=1&ac=1" style="-webkit-transform: rotate(0.00rad); border: none; transform: rotate(0.00rad);" width="85" /></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;"> <a href="aplikasi1.html">Home </a></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;"> <a href="aplikasi2.html"> Pengenalan <i>HTML</i> </a></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;"> <a href="aplikasi3.html"> Dasar-dasar <i>HTML</i></a></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;"> <a href="aplikasi4.html"> Menyisipkan Gambar Dan Link</a></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;"> <a href="aplikasi5.html"> Membuat Tabel Pada <i>HTML</i></a></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> Sebagai isi dari link Tab.</span><img height="3" src="https://docs.google.com/drawings/d/so3FF_fENoHR-kgspfyIXvA/image?w=85&h=3&rev=1&ac=1" style="-webkit-transform: rotate(0.00rad); border: none; transform: rotate(0.00rad);" width="85" /></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;"> </font> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> / tag penutup font</span><img height="3" src="https://docs.google.com/drawings/d/sDxdK-6jjOqBnTbAlC_Qy-A/image?w=85&h=3&rev=1&ac=1" style="-webkit-transform: rotate(0.00rad); border: none; transform: rotate(0.00rad);" width="85" /></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;"> </div></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;"> </center> </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;"> </td></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;"> </tr></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;"> <tr></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;"> <td width=200 height=400 valign="top" bgcolor="black"><font face="gabriola"></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> Sebagai warna huruf</span><img height="3" src="https://docs.google.com/drawings/d/sTkNBXRUSaJ2kYSgSEs6hLw/image?w=85&h=3&rev=1&ac=1" style="-webkit-transform: rotate(0.00rad); border: none; transform: rotate(0.00rad);" width="85" /></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;"> <div id="nav-v"></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> Sebagai Nge-ngelink ke tab lain </span><img height="3" src="https://docs.google.com/drawings/d/sM_lRU0w76-5x2iQecoyr8A/image?w=85&h=3&rev=1&ac=1" style="-webkit-transform: rotate(0.00rad); border: none; transform: rotate(0.00rad);" width="85" /></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> Sebagai isi dari link Tab.Dan telah mempunyai isinya masing-masing,ini akan dipanggil sehingga dapat ditampilkan menjadi menu.</span><img height="3" src="https://docs.google.com/drawings/d/s30OvSq8Uw1sA1njArnzxHA/image?w=47&h=3&rev=1&ac=1" style="-webkit-transform: rotate(0.00rad); border: none; transform: rotate(0.00rad);" width="47" /></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;"> </div> <font face="Old English Text MT" color="red" size="8"><center>H<br>A<br>N<br>D<br></font><font color="white">of</font><font face="Old English Text MT" color="red" size="8"><br>G<br>O<br>D<br></font></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;"> </td></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;"> <td height=400 valign="top" bgcolor="00FF00"></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;"><font face="Gabriola" size="4"><h1>Pengenalan<i> HTML</i></h1> <hr width="700" align="left"><img src="html.jpg" width="150" align="left"></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Sebagai ukuran huruf,warna dan gambar pada awal dari teks.</span><img height="3" src="https://docs.google.com/drawings/d/sXhLrwMt0v3VgyJfkmYE9NA/image?w=85&h=3&rev=1&ac=1" style="-webkit-transform: rotate(0.00rad); border: none; transform: rotate(0.00rad);" width="85" /></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;">(Pendahuluan secara umum internet merupakan suatu jaringan komputer yang terdiri dari berbagai macam ukuran jaringan komputer diseluruh dunia mulai dari sebuah PC, jaringan lokal skala kecil,jaringan skala menengah,hingga jaringan utama yang menjadi backbound internet. Cara agar dapat mengakses internet adalah dengan menggunakan browser, yaitu software atau perangkat lunak yang digunakan untuk menampilkan hamalan-halaman web yang berada di internet. Salah satu elemen dari internet yang paling populer,cepat berkembang dan selalu digunakan oleh browser adalah WWW(word wide web).WWW bekerja berdasarkan 3 mekanisme,yaitu : -Protokol –Address –HTML Pengenalan HTML Hyper Text Markup Languange(HTML) adalah bahasa pengkodean yang digunakan untuk menghasilkan dokumen-dokumen hypertext untuk digunakan di WWW atau menampilkan sebuah halaman dokumen web. HTML terlihat seperti bahasa pengkodean lama, yang diawali dan diakhiri dengan command-command HTML dimana menunjukkan bagaimana keluarannya pada saat dijalankan pada sebuah web browser. Yang membedakan dokumen HTML dengan dokumen-dokumen lainnya adalah adanya elemen HTML yang disebut juga dengan Command HTML dan biasa disebut dengan TAG yang digunakan untuk menentukan tampilan dari dokumen HTML. Setiap dokumen HTML diawali dan diakhiri denga tag HTML.) Ini adalah isi dari body</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;"></pre></font><hr width="600"></td></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> sebagai tag penutup.</span><img height="7" src="https://docs.google.com/drawings/d/sn4VBDq9IdAyGamuWBvd5Sg/image?w=65&h=7&rev=1&ac=1" style="-webkit-transform: rotate(0.00rad); border: none; transform: rotate(0.00rad);" width="65" /><img height="7" src="https://docs.google.com/drawings/d/siD3GnHz69jaG0y9T0u2PqQ/image?w=65&h=7&rev=1&ac=1" style="-webkit-transform: rotate(0.00rad); border: none; transform: rotate(0.00rad);" width="65" /></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;">Bagaimana Menurut Anda Web Ini?</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;"><input type="radio" name="saroha"> Sangat Bagus</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;"><input type="radio" name="saroha"> Bagus</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;"><input type="radio" name="saroha"> Cukup</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;"><input type="radio" name="saroha"> Kurang Bagus</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;"><input type="radio" name="saroha"> Sangat Buruk</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;"><input type="submit" name="Kirim" Value="Kirim"> <input type="reset" name="batal" value="Cancel"></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> radio untuk menentukan suatu pilihan dari teks yang kita ingingkan.</span><img height="3" src="https://docs.google.com/drawings/d/sWlWSqDvwPlJvOoTbh4ptqA/image?w=85&h=3&rev=1&ac=1" style="-webkit-transform: rotate(0.00rad); border: none; transform: rotate(0.00rad);" width="85" /></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;"><hr><img src="apple.jpg" width="120"></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> Untuk memunculkan gambar dengan lebar 120.</span><img height="3" src="https://docs.google.com/drawings/d/sLBibftHaM-PEnqLS8eBWwA/image?w=85&h=3&rev=1&ac=1" style="-webkit-transform: rotate(0.00rad); border: none; transform: rotate(0.00rad);" width="85" /></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;"><hr><img src="apple.jpg" width="120"></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;"></pre></font></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;"> <td colspan="3" width="1000" height="20" align="center" bgcolor="00FF00"> <marquee behavior="alternate"> <img src="w1.png"><img src="w2.png"><img src="w3.png"><img src="w4.png"><img src="w5.png"><img src="w6.png"><img src="w7.png"><img src="w8.png"><img src="w9.png"><img src="w10.png"><img src="w11.png"><img src="w12.png"><img src="w13.png"><img src="w14.png"><img src="w15.png"></marquee></td></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> Untuk memunculkan gambar bergerak.</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;"></tr></span><img height="3" src="https://docs.google.com/drawings/d/svGTXXyNM7Rb0lRRFP49d9Q/image?w=85&h=3&rev=1&ac=1" style="-webkit-transform: rotate(0.00rad); border: none; transform: rotate(0.00rad);" width="85" /></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;"></table> </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;"></body></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;"></html></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> Sebagai tag penutup akhir dari tag Html.</span><img height="3" src="https://docs.google.com/drawings/d/szk3Q6qKjphzCXguq4I12lQ/image?w=85&h=3&rev=1&ac=1" style="-webkit-transform: rotate(0.00rad); border: none; transform: rotate(0.00rad);" width="85" /></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Dari sintak diatas maka akan muncul gambar seperti dibawah ini.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><img alt="C:\Users\Edwin\Documents\home.png" height="365" src="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/WQ4dqxftu7vMeOM_OO87oCZ9ZWheyhN237zW4cbipW9pp6kYAOj0NZdBbHiAbBzvb-F7ouYKOFZuAPtSBLcwPdkZVlHRKXiZ7S81S3XxTyK5PCylxmZQFZmjY3XKH-gdZD32TaH7qUIJPe-tFA" style="-webkit-transform: rotate(0.00rad); border: none; transform: rotate(0.00rad);" width="529" /></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Gambar 3.1 Tampilan Home</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Untuk tampilan menu syntak nya adalah sebagai berikut :</span><img height="149" src="https://docs.google.com/drawings/d/sRp4LX82kGJvi3aFH-I5IUw/image?w=527&h=149&rev=1&ac=1" style="-webkit-transform: rotate(0.00rad); border: none; transform: rotate(0.00rad);" width="527" /></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Dari tag diatas akan menampilkan gambar seperti dibawah ini,</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><img alt="C:\Users\Edwin\Documents\Menu.png" height="376" src="https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/yqna1nwmLNmmZXSV8liI7qtQakaUkRR7c30j01G4eCP0bmKjn74gsUfyqmyg5fXRfI2hfqBbgewD4BXkcH4HhDToiRtKdzg7Xf7I6wKw6IBG8pT-z8L8mmu_X5jbiRYpRo3QAbpVpDhnMjR6ag" style="-webkit-transform: rotate(0.00rad); border: none; transform: rotate(0.00rad);" width="127" /></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Gambar 3.2 Tampilan Menu</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Seperti yang telah di jelaska sebelumnya fungsi dari <a href= “nama.html” yaitu untuk mengelink ke halaman atau conten yang berbeda . Maka jika mengeklik menu Home, dsb akan pindah ke halaman yang berbeda dari sebelumnya dan akan berubah warna tulisan / menu jika saat di klik .Sebagai contoh </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Gambar 3.3 Tampilan Menu Home Sebelum Diklik</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><img alt="C:\Users\Edwin\Documents\gfgf.jpg" height="77" src="https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/iEurrn6fUwwvtFFH44AadNg8roYXeVcMI7MEEYTeubSiG10hGQT8Gp2lwQwHrKgPKsoNx7lJ0_7Yy78GQbu6Tdz0dUndmcS1U6kLEFIAk0ZSEpcbCEEoM0ONs44QBfZckNaC_6-x67YSEyN45Q" style="-webkit-transform: rotate(0.00rad); border: none; transform: rotate(0.00rad);" width="182" /></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Gambar 3.4 Tampilan Menu Home Setelah Diklik</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">3.3</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Penggunaan Syntax CSS </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Dalam syntak web yang kami buat diatas CSS yang di gunakan adalah sebagai berikut:</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><style type="text/css"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #4f81bd; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">sebagai alamat CSS,jika diperlukan dapat di panggil dengan menggunakan sintak</span><img height="7" src="https://docs.google.com/drawings/d/s-ZAl5QJUm9x72KwV0eVHGg/image?w=59&h=7&rev=1&ac=1" style="-webkit-transform: rotate(0.00rad); border: none; transform: rotate(0.00rad);" width="59" /></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> #nav-v {</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #4f81bd; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Untuk Tab baru sebagai Nge-Link ke tab lain</span><img height="7" src="https://docs.google.com/drawings/d/suX6N_gfW4XY4evDdIZq8hw/image?w=59&h=7&rev=1&ac=1" style="-webkit-transform: rotate(0.00rad); border: none; transform: rotate(0.00rad);" width="59" /></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> width: 150px; </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #4f81bd; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Sebagai memperbesar ukuran sesuai dengan yang kita butuhkan </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> font-family:gabriola;</span><img height="7" src="https://docs.google.com/drawings/d/s7ohSsnSwETVl67Q1o-E0hQ/image?w=59&h=7&rev=1&ac=1" style="-webkit-transform: rotate(0.00rad); border: none; transform: rotate(0.00rad);" width="59" /></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> }</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> #nav-v ul{</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #4f81bd; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Untuk Tab baru sebagai Nge-Link ke tab lain</span><img height="7" src="https://docs.google.com/drawings/d/sqEWvYNUbN_al7oQenkImEQ/image?w=59&h=7&rev=1&ac=1" style="-webkit-transform: rotate(0.00rad); border: none; transform: rotate(0.00rad);" width="59" /></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> list-style:none; </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> margin: 0;</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #4f81bd; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">sebagai pengatur (rata tengah,kiri,maupun tengah)</span><img height="7" src="https://docs.google.com/drawings/d/sLUdB6kII5qKErHohs3q1VA/image?w=59&h=7&rev=1&ac=1" style="-webkit-transform: rotate(0.00rad); border: none; transform: rotate(0.00rad);" width="59" /></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> padding:0;</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> }</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> #nav-v li {</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> border-bottom:1px solid #ED9F9F; </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #4f81bd; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Mempertebal tulisan dan warna tulisan</span><img height="7" src="https://docs.google.com/drawings/d/snWjLE3_LwrBMPj1u4TRdTA/image?w=59&h=7&rev=1&ac=1" style="-webkit-transform: rotate(0.00rad); border: none; transform: rotate(0.00rad);" width="59" /></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> padding-top:5px;</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> }</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">#nav-v li a:link, #nav-v li a:visited {</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> display: block;</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> padding:5px 5px 5px 0.5em;</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> border-left: 12px solid #FF8040;</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #4f81bd; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">tebal rata kiri</span><img height="7" src="https://docs.google.com/drawings/d/sb1yGh8h0jpzWHikD4R0OcA/image?w=59&h=7&rev=1&ac=1" style="-webkit-transform: rotate(0.00rad); border: none; transform: rotate(0.00rad);" width="59" /></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> border-right: 12px solid #FF8040;</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #4f81bd; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">tebal rata kanan</span><img height="7" src="https://docs.google.com/drawings/d/sGh3syPydfNuWi4aqaRMIkQ/image?w=59&h=7&rev=1&ac=1" style="-webkit-transform: rotate(0.00rad); border: none; transform: rotate(0.00rad);" width="59" /></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> background-color: #940732;</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #4f81bd; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">sebagai warna background</span><img height="7" src="https://docs.google.com/drawings/d/sXiI-Vm_ZQ21KXa4N9fosPA/image?w=59&h=7&rev=1&ac=1" style="-webkit-transform: rotate(0.00rad); border: none; transform: rotate(0.00rad);" width="59" /></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> color: #FFFFFF; </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #4f81bd; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">sebagai warna dari tampilan</span><img height="7" src="https://docs.google.com/drawings/d/stpF27rqcMq_SIILURZ-8MQ/image?w=59&h=7&rev=1&ac=1" style="-webkit-transform: rotate(0.00rad); border: none; transform: rotate(0.00rad);" width="59" /></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> text-decoration:none; }</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">#nav-v li a:hover {</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #4f81bd; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> Untuk Tab baru sebagai Nge-Link ke tab lain</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">background-color: #00FF00;</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">color: #FF0000;</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">font-weight:bold;</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">}</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #4f81bd; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Sebagai background dan warna font dari tulisan</span><img height="7" src="https://docs.google.com/drawings/d/siHo2mSHcwnpkVaITAQosuw/image?w=59&h=7&rev=1&ac=1" style="-webkit-transform: rotate(0.00rad); border: none; transform: rotate(0.00rad);" width="59" /></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"></style></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #4f81bd; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">sebagai tag penutup dari css</span><img height="7" src="https://docs.google.com/drawings/d/sq1wcsiWHIUjWYfCU-TioBQ/image?w=59&h=7&rev=1&ac=1" style="-webkit-transform: rotate(0.00rad); border: none; transform: rotate(0.00rad);" width="59" /></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Syntak ini lah yang kami buat menggunakan Css untuk membangun sebuah website tersebut , </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> jika : </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: red; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">#nav-v li </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">dihilangkan,maka tab untuk nge-link tidak akan berfungsi sesuai dengan yang kita butuhkan,seperti yang terlihat pada gambar yang ditunjuk oleh pointer tersebut tidak akan berfungsi lagi sesuai fungsinya.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><img alt="C:\Users\Edwin\Documents\home.png" height="365" src="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/WQ4dqxftu7vMeOM_OO87oCZ9ZWheyhN237zW4cbipW9pp6kYAOj0NZdBbHiAbBzvb-F7ouYKOFZuAPtSBLcwPdkZVlHRKXiZ7S81S3XxTyK5PCylxmZQFZmjY3XKH-gdZD32TaH7qUIJPe-tFA" style="-webkit-transform: rotate(0.00rad); border: none; transform: rotate(0.00rad);" width="529" /></span><img height="28" src="https://docs.google.com/drawings/d/sunt1YkMzJwzhP5XDe-Z9Jw/image?w=68&h=28&rev=1&ac=1" style="-webkit-transform: rotate(0.00rad); border: none; transform: rotate(0.00rad);" width="68" /></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Gambar 3.5 Tampilan Bagian Menu jika </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: red; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">#nav-v li </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Tidak di gunakan</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Maka menu dari CSS tersebut tidak dapat di klik sebagai mana fungsinya Oleh karena itu tag </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: red; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">#nav-v li </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">dibutuhkan agar dapat nge link atau pun nge tab pada tab menu lain .</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Demikianlah syntax CSS yang kami buat dalam membangun sebuah web site sederhana ini dengan berbagai keterangan yang telah di jelaskan beserta fungsi – fungsinya semoga dapat dipahami dan bermanfaat untuk suatu pembelajaran mengenai web . Kelebihan menggunakan CSS ini yaitu jika suatu saat nanti syntax tersebut di butuhkan lagi , kita tidak perlu lagi membuat syntax CSS dari awal kita hanya tinggal memanggil alamat CSS yang telah di buat . </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 18.666666666666664px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">BAB IV </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 18.666666666666664px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">KESIMPULAN DAN PENUTUP</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">4.1</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Kesimpulan</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Dari isi makalah ini maka dapat di simpulkan bahwa tidak semua orang dapat membuat sebuah web, maka dibuatlah</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> pembelajaran membuat web sederhana dengan menggunakan tag HTML, dan CSS , seiring dengan perkembangan teknologi maka web pun dapat di buat dan di miliki secara pribadi dengan mudah dan tidak perlu megeluarkan biaya untuk mendisain sebuah web yaitu dengan menggunakan web template atau wordpress, bloger dan lain sebagainya.Sehingga User hanya memilih theme yang di inginkan dan mengedit sebagian yang diperlukan saja , jadi user tidak perlu repot dalam membuat web site dan tidak perlu membuat disain untuk web tersebut karena semua sudah di sediakan di dalamnya .</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">4.2</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Penutup</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Demikian yang dapat kami paparkan mengenai materi yang menjadi pokok bahasan dalam makalah ini, tentunya masih banyak kekurangan dan kelemahannya, kerena terbatasnya pengetahuan dan kurangnya rujukan atau referensi yang ada hubungannya dengan judul makalah ini.</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><br class="kix-line-break" /></span><span style="background-color: white; color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Penulis banyak berharap para pembaca yang budiman dapat memberikan kritik dan saran yang membangun kepada penulis demi sempurnanya makalah ini dan dan penulisan makalah di kesempatan-kesempatan berikutnya. Semoga makalah ini berguna bagi penulis pada khususnya juga para pembaca yang budiman pada umumnya.</span></div>
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jujurhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05687765228352366156noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2068584858024834626.post-15906380200053973832016-04-05T10:13:00.002-07:002016-04-05T10:13:11.265-07:00MEDIA PENYIMPANAN BERKAS<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">I.PENGERTIAN</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Media penyimpanan berkas dalam computer disebut memori atau storage atau gudang.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Memori (atau lebih tepat disebut memori fisik) merupakan istilah generik yang merujuk pada </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Media_penyimpanan&action=edit&redlink=1" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: blue; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;">media penyimpanan</span></a><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: blue; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;">data</span></a><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> sementara pada </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komputer" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: blue; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;">komputer</span></a><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">. Setiap program dan data yang sedang diproses oleh </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikroprosesor" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: blue; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;">prosesor</span></a><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> akan disimpan di dalam memori fisik. Data yang disimpan dalam memori fisik bersifat sementara, karena data yang disimpan di dalamnya akan tersimpan selama komputer tersebut masih dialiri daya (dengan kata lain, komputer itu masih hidup). Ketika komputer itu direset atau dimatikan, data yang disimpan dalam memori fisik akan hilang. Oleh karena itulah, sebelum mematikan komputer, semua data yang belum disimpan ke dalam media penyimpanan permanen (umumnya </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetic_Disk" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: blue; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;">berbasis disk</span></a><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">, semacam </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">hard disk</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> atau </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">floppy disk</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">), sehingga data tersebut dapat dibuka kembali di lain kesempatan. Memori fisik umumnya diimplementasikan dalam bentuk </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Random_Access_Memory" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: blue; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;">Random Access Memory (RAM)</span></a><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">, yang bersifat </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynamic_Random_Access_Memory" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: blue; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;">dinamis</span></a><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> (DRAM). Mengapa disebut </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Random Access</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">, adalah karena akses terhadap lokasi-lokasi di dalamnya dapat dilakukan secara acak (random), bukan secara berurutan (sekuensial). Meskipun demikian, kata </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">random access</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> dalam RAM ini sering menjadi salah kaprah. Sebagai contoh, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Read_Only_Memory" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: blue; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;">memori yang hanya dapat dibaca</span></a><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> (ROM), juga dapat diakses secara random, tetapi ia dibedakan dengan RAM karena ROM dapat menyimpan data tanpa kebutuhan daya dan tidak dapat ditulisi sewaktu-waktu. Selain itu, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hard_disk" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: blue; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;">hard disk</span></a><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> yang juga merupakan salah satu media penyimpanan juga dapat diakses secara acak, tapi ia tidak digolongkan ke dalam Random Access Memory.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Sebagian besar komputer memiliki hirarki memori yang terdiri atas tiga level, yaitu:</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><br class="kix-line-break" /></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">1· physical Register di CPU, berada di level teratas. Informasi yang berada di register dapat diakses dalam satu clock cycle CPU.</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><br class="kix-line-break" /></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">2· Primary Memory (executable memory), berada di level tengah. Contohnya, RAM. Primary Memory diukur dengan satu byte dalam satu waktu, secara relatif dapat diakses dengan cepat, dan bersifat volatile (informasi bisa hilang ketika komputer dimatikan). CPU mengakses memori ini dengan instruksi single load dan store dalam beberapa clock cycle.</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><br class="kix-line-break" /></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">3· Secondary Memory, berada di level bawah. Contohnya, disk atau tape. Secondary Memory diukur sebagai kumpulan dari bytes (block of bytes), waktu aksesnya lambat, dan bersifat non-volatile (informasi tetap tersimpan ketika komputer dimatikan). Memori ini diterapkan di storage device, jadi akses meliputi aksi oleh driver dan device.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">II. JENIS MEMORI (MEDIA PENYIMPANAN)</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><br class="kix-line-break" /></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Memori merupakan media penyimpanan data pada komputer, yang mana media penyimpanan data dalam computer dibagi menjadi 2 jenis yaitu :</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">A.INTERNAL MEMORI</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Memori jenis ini dapat diakses secara langsung oleh prosesor. Memori internal memiliki fungsi sebagai pengingat. Dalam hal ini yang disimpan di dalam memori utama dapat berupa data atau program. Secara lebih tinci, fungsi dari memori utama adalah :</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><br class="kix-line-break" /></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Menyimpan data yang berasal dari peranti masukan sampai data dikirim ke ALU (Arithmetic and Logic Unit) untuk diproses</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Menyimpan daya hasil pemrosesan ALU senelum dikirimkan ke peranti keluaran</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Menampung program/instruksi yang berasal dari peranti masukan atau dari peranti pengingat sekunder</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Memori biasa terbagi dibedakan menjadi dua macam: ROM dan RAM. Selain itu, terdapat pula memori yang disebut cache memory.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">1.ROM</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">ROM (Read-Only-Memory a.k.a firmware) adalah jenis memori yang isinya tidak hilang ketika tidak mendapat aliran listrik dan pada awalnya isinya hanya bisa dibaca. ROM pada komputer disediakan oleh vendor komputer dan berisi program atau data. Di dalam PC, ROM biasa disebut BIOS (Basic Input/Output System) atau ROM-BIOS. Instruksi dalam BIOS inilah yang akan dijalankan oleh mikroprosesor ketka komputer mulai dihidupkan. Umumnya proses yang terkandung dalam BIOS secara berurutan adalah sebagai berikut:</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><br class="kix-line-break" /></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Memeriksa isi CMOS.</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><br class="kix-line-break" /></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">CMOS (Compmentary Meta-Oxyde Semiconductor) adalah jenis cip yang memerlukan daya listrik dari baterai. Cip ini berisi memori 64-byte yang isinya dapat diganti. Pada CMOS inilah berbagai pengaturan dasar komputer dilakukan, misalnya peranti yang digunakan untuk memuat sistem operasi dan termasuk pula tanggal dan jam sistem.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Memuat penanganan interupsi (interupt handlers) dan pengendali peranti (device driver).</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><br class="kix-line-break" /></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Penanganan interupsi adalah program kecil yang menjadi penerjemah antara perangkat keras dan sistem operasi. Sebagai contoh , jika pemakai menekan tombol keyboard maka isyarat ini dikirimkan melalui penaganan interupsi keyboard.</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><br class="kix-line-break" /></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Pengendali peranti adalah program yang bertindak sebagai pemberi identitas bagi perangkat keras tertentu (misalnya scanner) sehingga bisa dikenali oleh sistem operasi.</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><br class="kix-line-break" /></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">o Menginisialisasi register dan manajemen daya listrik</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> Melakukan pengujian perangkat keras (POST atau the power-on self-test) untuk memastikan bahwa semua perangkat keras dalam keadaan baik</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> Menampilkan pengaturan-pengaturan pada system</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Menentukan peranti yang akan digunakan untuk menjalankan program (ex. : hard disk)</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Mengambil isi boot sector. Boot sector juga merupakan sebuah program kecil. Oleh BIOS program ini dimuat ke RAM dan kemudian mikroprosesor akan mengeksekusi perintah-erintah yang sudah berada dalam RAM tersebut.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Melalui prosedur di atas inilah, kemudian sistem operasi (windows, linux, solaris, dll) dimuat.</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><br class="kix-line-break" /></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Tipe-tipe dari ROM adalah :</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Garamond; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">PROM (</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Garamond; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Programmable Read Only Memory</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Garamond; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">).Jenis dari memori yang hanya dapat diprogram. PROM dapat diprogram oleh user/pemakai, data yang di programakan disimpan secara permanen</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Garamond; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">EPROM (</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Garamond; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Garamond; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">)Jenis memori yang dapat deprogram oleh user. EPROM dapat di hapus dan diprogram ulang.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Garamond; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">EEPROM (</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Garamond; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Garamond; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">)Memori yang dapat diprogram oleh user. EEPROM dapat dihapus dan deprogram ulang secara elektrik tanpa memindahkan chip dari circuit board.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Garamond; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">2.RAM</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Garamond; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><br class="kix-line-break" /></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Garamond; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">RAM (Random-Access Memory) adalah jenis memori yang isinya dapat diganti-ganti selama komputer sihidupkan dan bersifat volatile. Selain itu, RAM mempunyai sifat yakni dapat menyimpan dan mengambil data dengan sangat cepat.</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Garamond; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><br class="kix-line-break" /></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Tipe RAM pada PC bermacam; antara lain DRAM, SDRAM, SRAM, RDRAM, dan EDO RAM.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">DRAM (Dynamic RAM) adalah jenis RAM yang secara berkala harus disegarkan oleh CPU agar data yang terkandung di dalamnya tidak hilang.</span></div>
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<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.3800000000000001; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">EDO RAM (Extended Data Out RAM) adalah jenis memori yang digunakan pada sistem yang menggunakan Pentium. Cocok untuk yang memiliki bus denagan kecepatan sampai 66 MHz.</span></div>
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<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.3800000000000001; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">SDRAM (Sychronous Dynamic RAM) adalah jenis RAM yang merupakan kelanjutan dari DRAM namun telah disnkronisasi oleh clock sistem dan memiliki kecepatan lebih tinggi daripada DRAM. Cocok untuk sistem dengan bus yang memiliki kecepatan sampai 100 MHz.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">SRAM (Static RAM) adalah jenis memori yang tidak memerlukan penyegaran oleh CPU agar data yang terdapat di dalamnya tetap tersimpan dengan baik. RAM jenis ini memiliki kecepatan lebih tinggi daripada DRAM.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">RDRAM (Rambus Dynamic RAM) adalah jenis memori yang lebih cepat dan lebih mahal daripada SDRAM. Memori ini biasa digunakan pada sistem yang menggunakan Pentium 4.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> B.MEMORI EKSTERNAL</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><br class="kix-line-break" /></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Merupakan memori tambahan yang berfungsi untuk menyimpan data atau program.Contoh: Hardisk, Floppy Disk dllHubungan antara Chace Memori, Memori Utama dan Memori eksternal dapat di lihat pada gambar berikut :</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><br class="kix-line-break" /></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Konsep dasar memori eksternal adalah :</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><br class="kix-line-break" /></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Menyimpan data bersifat tetap (non volatile), baik pada saat komputer aktif atau tidak.</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><br class="kix-line-break" /></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Memori eksternal biasa disebut juga memori eksternal yaitu perangkat keras untuk melakukan operasi penulisan, pembacaan dan penyimpanan data, di luar memori utama.</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><br class="kix-line-break" /></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Memori eksternal mempunyai dua tujuan utama yaitu sebagai penyimpan permanen untuk membantu fungsi RAM dan yang untuk mendapatkan memori murah yang berkapasitas tinggi bagi penggunaan jangka panjang.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">BERBAGAI JENIS MEMORY EKSTERNAL</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><br class="kix-line-break" /></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">1. Berdasarkan Jenis Akses Data</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Berdasarkan jenis aksesnya memori eksternal dikelompokkan menjadi dua jenis yaitu :</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">DASD (Direct Access Storage Device) di mana ia mempunyai akses langsung terhadap data.</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><br class="kix-line-break" /></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Contoh :</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><br class="kix-line-break" /></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">ü Magnetik (floppy disk, hard disk).</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><br class="kix-line-break" /></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">ü Removeable hard disk (Zip disk, Flash disk).</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><br class="kix-line-break" /></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">ü Optical Disk.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">SASD (Sequential Access Storage Device) : Akses data secara tidak langsung (berurutan), seperti pita magnetik.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">A.Serial / Sequential Access Storage Device (SASD</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">)</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Tidak dapat diakses secara langsung diposisinya (harus sekuen, urut) .Kapasitas lebih besar, harga per bit informasi yang dapat direkam lebih murah, kecepatan lebih lambat berbanding DASD</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Contoh : Magnetic Tape, Punched Card, Punched Paper Tape</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">MAGNETIC TAPE</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Merupakan penyimpan sekunder dengan pengaksesan secara sequential dan biasanya digunakan untuk komputer jenis mini atau mainframe</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">2 jenis magnetic tape yang biasanya digunakan :</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Mempunyai bentuk standart yang memiliki lebar pita ½ “ (12,7 mm). Magnetic terbuat dari plastik tipis yang dilapisi magnetic pada permukaannya </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Mempunyai bentuk seperti halnya yang telah kita kenal pada kaset yang terdapat di audio tape recorder</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><img alt="2-3ae" height="192" src="https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/6BcYs7cPOJ_58Y6pII2E9dUdJAja9UXq3Ln9gOgoVVmj7UDSzwHR4oxw4eg3Z5HqtWLEElsj1FVJiJj_Ry3VGtjUHjNSHYUuw_4PRDbcHb68gtSzPYgEnzH5Yem20rhOj9j5-4zxKTmUafNzFw" style="-webkit-transform: rotate(0.00rad); border: none; transform: rotate(0.00rad);" width="264" /></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Data yang ada di dalam magnetic tape disimpan dalam bentuk kode-kode tertentu..Untuk membaca dan menulis data maka pita magnetic harus diletakkan dalam tape drive yang kira-kira bisa disamakan dengan proyektor. Tape akan terus bergerak selama proses penulisan ataupun pembacaan berlangsung dengan melewati read/write head .Data yang ada akan direkam dalam guratan megnetic. Sekali data tersebut terekam, maka data akan tetap tinggal sampai data tersebut terhapus atau diganti dengan data baru .Data yang terdapat pada magnetic tape, akan terbagi secara horizontal yang disebut channel atau</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">tracks dan secara vertikal didalam bentuk kolom ataupun frames.</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Libre Baskerville'; font-size: 26.666666666666664px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Secara umum, tape mempunyai 9 </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">tracks</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> dan data akan dikodekan dalam </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">ASCII </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">ataupun</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> EBCDIC</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">.Disamping 9 </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">tracks</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">, magnetic tape juga ada yang merekam datanya dalam bentuk 7 </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> tracks</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">, dimana </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">track </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">yang paling atas digunakan sebagai </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">parity check</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">, yang berguna bagi komputer untuk melihat apakah terjadi kesalahan dalam hal penyimpanan, perpindahan atau pun saat </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">copy</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> data pada setiap karakternya.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Keuntungan Penggunaan Magnetic Tape</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Panjang record tidak terbatas </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Density data tinggi </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Volume penyimpanan datanya besar dan harganya murah </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Kecepatan transfer data tinggi </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Sangat efisiensi bila semua atau kebanyakan record dari sebuah tape file memerlukan pemrosesan seluruhnya </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Keterbatasan penggunaan Magnetic Tape</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Akses langsung terhadap record lambat </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Masalah lingkungan </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Memerlukan penafsiran terhadap mesin </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Proses harus sequential</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">B.DASD (Direct Access Storage Device) </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">DASD (Direct Access Storage Device) di mana ia mempunyai akses langsung terhadap data.</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><br class="kix-line-break" /></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Contoh :</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><br class="kix-line-break" /></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">* Magnetik (floppy disk, hard disk).</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><br class="kix-line-break" /></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">* Removeable hard disk (Zip disk, Flash disk).</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><br class="kix-line-break" /></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">* Optical Disk.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 18.666666666666664px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Harddisk</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Hardisk disebut juga dengan cakram keras berbentuk piringan hitam terbuat dari alumunium dan dilapisi bahan magnetic. Hard disk sudah menjadi komponen utama dari PC untuk sistem operasi. Komponen bagian hard disk terdiri dari sebuah jarum untuk membaca data di cakram. Mempunyai kapasitas lebih besar dari floppy disk. Kecepatan putarannya bervariasi, ada yang 5400 putaran per menit bahkan ada yang sampai 7200 putaran per menit. Kemampuan sebuah hardisk biasanya ditentukan oleh banyaknya data yang bias disimpan. Besarnya bervariasi, ada yang 1,2 GB hingga 80 GB. 1 GB sama dengan 1000 MB, sedangkan 1 MB sama dengan 1000 KB.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 18.666666666666664px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Flashdisk</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Flashdisk adalah piranti penyimpan dari floppy drive jenis lain yang mempunyai kapasitas memori 128 MB, dengan menggunakan kabel interface jenis USB (</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Universal Serial Bus</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">), sangat praktis dan ringan dengan ukuran berkisar 96 x 32 mm dan pada bagian belakang bentuknya agak menjurus keluar, digunakan untuk tempat penyimpanan baterai jenis AAA dan terdapat port USB yang disediakan penutupnya yang berbentuk sama dengan body utamanya dan juga mempunyai layar LCD yang berukuran 29,5 x 11 mm.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 18.666666666666664px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Floppydisk</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Dengan berkembangnya komputer pribadi maka diperlukan media untuk mendistribusikan software maupun pertukaran data. Solusinya ditemukannya </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">disket </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">atau </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">floppy disk </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">oleh IBM.Karakteristik disket adalah head menyentuh permukaan disk saat membaca ataupun menulis. Hal ini menyebabkan disket tidak tahan lama dan sering rusak. Untuk mengurangi kerusakan atau aus pada disket, dibuat mekanisme penarikan head dan menghentikan rotasi disk ketika head tidak melakukan operasi baca dan tulis. Namun akibatnya waktu akses disket cukup lama.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 18.666666666666664px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Optical Disk</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Mulai tahun 1983 sistem penyimpanan data di optical disc mulai diperkenalkan dengan diluncurkannya Digital Audio Compact Disc. Setelah itu mulai berkembanglah teknologi penyimpanan pada optical disc ini.Baik CD-Audio maupun CD-ROM memakai teknologi yang sama, yaitu sama-sama terbuat dari resin (polycarbonate), dan dilapisi oleh permukaan yang sangatreflektif seperti Aluminium . Informasi direkam secara digital sebagai lubang-lubang mikroskopik pada permukaan yang reflektif. Proses ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan laser yang berintensitas tinggi. Permukaan yang berlubang mikroskopik ini kemudian dilapisi oleh lapisan bening. Informasi dibaca dengan menggunakan laser berintensitas rendah yang menyinari lapisan bening tersebut sementara motor memutar disk. Intensitas laser tersebut berubah setelah mengenai lubang-lubang tersebut kemudian terefleksikan dan dideteksi oleh fotosensor yang kemudian dikonversikan menjadi data digital.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Kemajuan terbaru dari optical disc ini adalah disk yang dapat ditulis ulang. Pada sistem ini, energi laser digunakan secara besama-sama dengan prinsip medan magnet untuk menulis dan membaca informasi. Pada proses tulis, laser memanasi titik pada disk yang hendak diproses, kemudian setelah itu medan magnet dapat mengubah arah medan titik tersebut sementara temperaturnya ditingkatkan. Karena proses tersebut tidak mengubah disk secara fisik maka proses penulisan dapat dilakukan berulang-ulang. Pada proses baca, araha medan magnet yang telah dipolarisasi tersebut akan membelokkan sinar laser dengan arah tertentu, sehingga terefleksikan dan dideteksi oleh fotosensor yang kemudian dikonversikan menjadi digital.</span></div>
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<a href="http://elib.unikom.ac.id/download.php?id=35716" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: blue; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;">http://elib.unikom.ac.id/download.php?id=35716</span></a></div>
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<a href="http://amethyst070188.wordpress.com/2010/10/10/memory-komputer-sedikit-tentang-dasd-dan-sasd/" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: blue; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;">http://amethyst070188.wordpress.com/2010/10/10/memory-komputer-sedikit-tentang-dasd-dan-sasd/</span></a></div>
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<a href="https://www.google.co.id/search?q=media+penyimpanan&ie=utf-8&oe=utf-8&aq=t&rls=org.mozilla:en-US:official&client=firefox-a" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: blue; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;">https://www.google.co.id/search?q=media+penyimpanan&ie=utf-8&oe=utf-8&aq=t&rls=org.mozilla:en-US:official&client=firefox-a</span></a></div>
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<a href="http://www.google.co.id/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=2&cad=rja&ved=0CCMQFjAB&url=http%3A%2F%2Fvanzimi.files.wordpress.com%2F2010%2F04%2Fmemoryi-internal-eksternal.doc&ei=rZKHUJCYKYXOrQf22YD4Aw&usg=AFQjCNFEphvt3vBmfJnfqKaoknifiYkQxw" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: blue; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;">http://www.google.co.id/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=2&cad=rja&ved=0CCMQFjAB&url=http%3A%2F%2Fvanzimi.files.wordpress.com%2F2010%2F04%2Fmemoryi-internal-eksternal.doc&ei=rZKHUJCYKYXOrQf22YD4Aw&usg=AFQjCNFEphvt3vBmfJnfqKaoknifiYkQxw</span></a></div>
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<a href="http://www.google.co.id/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=2&ved=0CCEQFjAB&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.artikata.com%2Farti-146470-punched%2Bcard.html&ei=S-OLUI7qIovJrQf0wYDYBQ&usg=AFQjCNEOeG2uiANGPtAfbuENbesjLwjGnQ&sig2=jvLNQa44fgas-1IC8_boAQ" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: blue; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;">http://www.google.co.id/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=2&ved=0CCEQFjAB&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.artikata.com%2Farti-146470-punched%2Bcard.html&ei=S-OLUI7qIovJrQf0wYDYBQ&usg=AFQjCNEOeG2uiANGPtAfbuENbesjLwjGnQ&sig2=jvLNQa44fgas-1IC8_boAQ</span></a></div>
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jujurhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05687765228352366156noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2068584858024834626.post-13616277911626866652016-04-05T10:03:00.002-07:002016-04-05T10:03:47.769-07:00Landasa Teori System Dynamic Programming<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">DAFTAR ISI</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">BAB I </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">PENDAHULUAN</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Latar Belakang</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Maksud Dan Tujuan</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Batasan Masalah</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">BAB II</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Landasa Teori System Dynamic Programming</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Definisi System Dynamic Programming</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Dynamic programming problems adalah masalah multi tahap(multistage) dimana keputusan dibuat secara berurutan (in sequence).</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Pemrograman dinamis (dynamic programming) adalah metode pemecahan masalah dengan cara menguraikan solusi menjadi sekumpulan langkah (step) atau tahapan (stage) sedemikian rupa sehingga solusi dari permasalahan ini dapat dipandang dari serangkaian keputusan-keputusan kecil yang saling berkaitan satu dengan yang lain. Penyelesaian persoalan dengan pemrograman dinamis ini akan menghasilkan sejumlah berhingga pilihan yang mungkin dipilih, lalu solusi pada setiap tahap-tahap yang dibangun dari solusi pada tahap sebelumnya, dan dengan metode ini kita menggunakan persyaratan optimasi dan kendala untuk membatasi sejumlah pilihan yang harus dipertimbangkan pada suatu tahap.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Karakteristik Persoalan yang dimiliki oleh Program Dinamis:</span></div>
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<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: lower-alpha; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.3800000000000001; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Persoalan dapat dibagi menjadi beberapa tahap (stage), yang pada setiap tahap hanya dapat diambil satu keputusan.</span></div>
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<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: lower-alpha; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.3800000000000001; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Masing-masing tahap terdiri dari sejumlah status (state) yang berhubungan dengan tahap tersebut. Secara umum, status merupakan bermacam kemungkinan masukan yang ada pada tahap tersebut. Jumlahnya bisa berhingga atau tak berhingga.</span></div>
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<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: lower-alpha; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.3800000000000001; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Hasil dari keputusan yang diambil pada setiap tahap ditransformasikan dari status yang bersangkutan ke status berikutnya pada tahap berikutnya.</span></div>
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<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: lower-alpha; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.3800000000000001; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Ongkos (cost) pada suatu tahap meningkat secara teratur (steadily) dengan bertambahnya jumlah tahapan.</span></div>
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<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: lower-alpha; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.3800000000000001; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Ongkos pada suatu tahap bergantung pada ongkos tahap-tahap yang sudah berjalan dan ongkos pada tahap tersebut.</span></div>
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<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: lower-alpha; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.3800000000000001; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Keputusan terbaik pada suatu tahap bersifat independen terhadap keputusan yang dilakukan pada tahap sebelumnya.</span></div>
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<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: lower-alpha; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.3800000000000001; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Adanya hubungan rekursif yang mengidentifikasikan keputusan terbaik untuk setiap status pada tahap k memberikan keputusan terbaik untuk setiap status pada tahap k + 1.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Prinsip optimalitas berlaku pada persoalan tersebut.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Langkah-langkah Pengembangan Algoritma Program Dinamis sebagai berikut :</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Karakteristikkan struktur solusi optimal.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Definisikan secara rekursif nilai solusi optimal.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Hitung nilai solusi optimal secara maju atau mundur.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Konstruksi solusi optimal.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Kelebihan dan kekurangan System Dynamic Programming</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Kelebihan:</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Mengoptimalkan penyelesaian suatu masalah tertentu yang diuraikan menjadi sub-submasalah yang lebih kecil yang terkait satu sama lain dengan tetap memperhatikan kondisi dan batasan permasalahan tersebut.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Proses pemecahan suatu masalah yang kompleks menjadi sub-sub masalah yang lebih kecil membuat sumber permasalahan dalam rangkaian proses masalah tersebut menjadi lebih jelas untuk diketahui.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Pendekatan dynamic programming dapat diaplikasikan untuk berbagai macam masalah pemrograman matematik, karena dynamic programming cenderung lebih fleksibel daripada teknik optimasi lain.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Prosedur perhitungan dynamic programming juga memperkenankan bentuk analisissensitivitas terdapat pada setiap variabel status (state) maupun pada variabel yang ada di masing-masing tahap keputusan (stage).</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Dynamic programming dapat menyesuaikan sistematika perhitungannya menurut ukuran masalah yang tidak selalu tetap dengan tetap melakukan perhitungan satu persatu secara lengkap dan menyeluruh.</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><br class="kix-line-break" /></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Kelemahan:</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Penggunaan dynamic programming jika tidak dilakukan secara tepat, akan mengakibatkan ketidakefisienan biaya maupun waktu. Karena dalam menggunakan dynamic programming diperlukan keahlian, pengetahuan, dan seni untuk merumuskansuatu masalah yang kompleks, terutama yang berkaitan dengan penetapan fungsi transformasi dari permasalahan tersebut.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Multi Stage Graph Problem</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Multistage Graph adalah Graph dengan sifat-sifat khusus :</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Graph berarah (Directed Graph)</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Setiap edge-nya memiliki weight (bobot)</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Hanya terdapat 1 source (disebut s) dan 1 sink (disebut t)</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Lintasan dari source ke sink terdiri atas beberapa stage V1 sampai Vk</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Semua edge menghubungkan node di Vi ke sebuah node di Vi + 1 dimana 1 ≤ i ≤ k</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Terdapat stage sebanyak k, dimana k ≥ 2</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Setiap path dari s ke t merupakan konsekuensi dari pilihan sebanyak k–2</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Multistage Graph merupakan bentuk permodelan yang dapat digunakan untuk menyelesaikan berbagai permasalahan dunia nyata.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Contoh : pemilihan project untuk mendapatkan keuntungan maksimal; serta pemilihan langkah-langkah yang harus dipilih dalam menyelesaikan sebuah tugas.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Multistage Graph Problem</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Problem mencari lintasan terpendek dari source ke sink pada sebuah Multistage Graph.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Problem ini merupakan salah satu contoh penerapan yang bagus dari Dynamic Programming.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><img alt="ilustrasi 7" height="200" src="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/GjvoP8akSAI7r19zig9UNyQmQwuRbzoarGOQicMAeeZlHju_tcDzKfQTAEXlPMjD0QZ-UvioFyDljIAsfUDZXHCtfsu3p5Jx1MfM0_YGOjy1wa8m8KbbO8jlY2XqYMfLJJd6tYqS-zxh7C_7pw" style="-webkit-transform: rotate(0.00rad); border: none; transform: rotate(0.00rad);" width="398" /></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Dynamic Programming pada Multistage Graph Problem</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Teknik penyelesaian Multistage Graph Problem dengan Dynamic Programming berdasar pada sebuah prinsip bahwa jalur terpendek dari satu node (awal atau akhir) ke node lain di stage tertentu merupakan jalur terpendek dari stage sebelumnya ditambah panjang salah satu edge penghubung stage.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Metode Forward</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Menghitung jarak ke depan (menuju sink)</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Metode Backward</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Menghitung jarak ke belakang (dari source)</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">METODE FORWARD</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Prinsip : analisis dilakukan dengan menghitung </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">path</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> (jalur) dari suatu </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">node</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> ke </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">sink</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Rumus : </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">cost (i,j) = min{c (j,k) + cost (i+1,k)}</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Perhitungan dimulai dari </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">node</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">-</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">node</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> di </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">stage</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> k–2</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Cost (i,j) artinya panjang lintasan dari </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">node</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> j di </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">stage</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> i menuju sink (t)</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">c (j,l) artinya panjang lintasan dari </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">node</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> j ke </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">node</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> l</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><img alt="ilustrasi 7" height="203" src="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/GjvoP8akSAI7r19zig9UNyQmQwuRbzoarGOQicMAeeZlHju_tcDzKfQTAEXlPMjD0QZ-UvioFyDljIAsfUDZXHCtfsu3p5Jx1MfM0_YGOjy1wa8m8KbbO8jlY2XqYMfLJJd6tYqS-zxh7C_7pw" style="-webkit-transform: rotate(0.00rad); border: none; transform: rotate(0.00rad);" width="405" /></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><img height="340" src="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/Hmax91EPFHtwfflpEuPJ6v61m_cOAAPxH-8zU_F-YD7_X4HBmE-PR_RBRJ9ecimfjNJGDLEtDdf6CTDL5rIYgz3wnyzw22mJVROSuB_iHnsAKuubrQWpSRouQfchE5DYw-qvcI4tMEsTLRW-vg" style="-webkit-transform: rotate(0.00rad); border: none; transform: rotate(0.00rad);" width="630" /></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">METODE BACKWARD</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Prinsip : analisis dilakukan dengan menghitung </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">path</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> (jalur) dari </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">source</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> ke suatu </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">node</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Rumus : </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">bcost (i,j) = min{bcost (i–1,l) + c (l,j)}</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Perhitungan dimulai dari </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">node</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">-</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">node</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> di </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">stage</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> 3</span></div>
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<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.7999999999999998; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Bcost (i,j) artinya panjang lintasan </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">backward</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> dari </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">source</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> (s) menuju </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">node</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> j di </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">stage</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> i</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">c (j,l) artinya panjang lintasan dari </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">node</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> j ke </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">node</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> l</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><img alt="ilustrasi 7" height="164" src="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/GjvoP8akSAI7r19zig9UNyQmQwuRbzoarGOQicMAeeZlHju_tcDzKfQTAEXlPMjD0QZ-UvioFyDljIAsfUDZXHCtfsu3p5Jx1MfM0_YGOjy1wa8m8KbbO8jlY2XqYMfLJJd6tYqS-zxh7C_7pw" style="-webkit-transform: rotate(0.00rad); border: none; transform: rotate(0.00rad);" width="327" /></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><img height="311" src="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/Th3pkL-buqkC8rYeHqdUa6ZRetGfM_3Ll1VjqALMVrlRDcIJ1a0xxBfVX5m0WoYT0Hz08FJmodU9Lf3D3UqKu78Tc9N6jmrytjtnL8KyfW-Zs1kkfykLj83KHLqy8S58S3-h2DBW3gciN5DLtA" style="-webkit-transform: rotate(0.00rad); border: none; transform: rotate(0.00rad);" width="634" /></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Rute Terpendek Multistage Graph</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><img alt="ilustrasi 7" height="237" src="https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/Ew3JWDd7ylYyZW8HKrIwkaUIliOAFczbWoDEsn83wEwUhdxUcrtDaYspIQr__aGSW0NErGMnUvKbS4tD--kKmY1fYscWzx7j1FotmTyoGcGqeV9AeqNIt5hBFaB61KBPOUxLLgMfJLpROe_etA" style="-webkit-transform: rotate(0.00rad); border: none; transform: rotate(0.00rad);" width="458" /></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Studi Kasus</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Knapsack Problem</span></div>
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<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; list-style-type: decimal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.7999999999999998; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Coin Change Problem</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Traveling Salesman Problem</span></div>
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</ol>
</ol>
</ol>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">BAB III</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Algoritma dan Pemrograman</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Algoritma Dan Pemrograman Knapsack Problem</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Algoritma Dan Pemrograman Coin Change Problem</span></div>
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</ol>
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<br /><ol start="3" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><ol start="3" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Algoritma Dan Pemrograman Traveling Salesman Problem</span></div>
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</ol>
</ol>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Kesimpulan</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Daftar pustaka </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Di unduh 8.50 11/01/2015 </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Link </span><a href="http://informatika.stei.itb.ac.id/~rinaldi.munir/Stmik/2006-2007/Makalah_2007/MakalahSTMIK2007-032.pdf" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: blue; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;">http://informatika.stei.itb.ac.id/~rinaldi.munir/Stmik/2006-2007/Makalah_2007/MakalahSTMIK2007-032.pdf</span></a></div>
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<a href="https://www.scribd.com/doc/110045673/Metode-Greedy-amp-Dynamic-Programming#download" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: blue; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;">https://www.scribd.com/doc/110045673/Metode-Greedy-amp-Dynamic-Programming#download</span></a></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.7999999999999998; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 18pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #4f81bd; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">diunduh 8.43 12/01/2015</span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.7999999999999998; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 18pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #4f81bd; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">link </span><a href="http://aryo.lecture.ub.ac.id/files/2013/05/DAA-VII-Dynamic-Programming.pptx" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: blue; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;">http://aryo.lecture.ub.ac.id/files/2013/05/DAA-VII-Dynamic-Programming.pptx</span></a></div>
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<a href="http://informatika.stei.itb.ac.id/~rinaldi.munir/Stmik/2013-2014/Makalah2013/MakalahIF2211-2013-043.pdf" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: blue; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;">http://informatika.stei.itb.ac.id/~rinaldi.munir/Stmik/2013-2014/Makalah2013/MakalahIF2211-2013-043.pdf</span></a></div>
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<a href="http://elearning.gunadarma.ac.id/docmodul/pengantar_analisis_algoritma/bab6_pemrograman_dinamis.pdf" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: blue; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;">http://elearning.gunadarma.ac.id/docmodul/pengantar_analisis_algoritma/bab6_pemrograman_dinamis.pdf</span></a></div>
<br /><br /><br /><br /><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.7999999999999998; margin-bottom: 10pt; margin-left: 18pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">knapsack problem bisa kita gambarkan, misalnya kita mempunyai sebuah kantong atau tas dengan kapasitas tertentu sedangkan dihadapan kita terdapat begitu banyak pilihan barang, maka kita harus memilih barang mana saja yang kira-kira akan kita ungkut sesuai kapasitas kantong yang kita miliki supaya kita bisa mendapatkan keuntungan yang sebesar-besarnya atau maksimal.</span></div>
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jujurhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05687765228352366156noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2068584858024834626.post-72075796401303160262016-04-05T10:01:00.003-07:002016-04-05T10:01:38.635-07:00TUGAS ANALISIS ALGORITM1<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<div dir="ltr" id="docs-internal-guid-6b0059f2-e75e-faba-1d73-640eeea0331a" style="line-height: 1.3800000000000001; margin-bottom: 10pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 18.666666666666664px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Spesifikasi laptop yang di gunakan untuk pengujian menentukan bilangan prima atau bukan.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 18.666666666666664px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">PROSESSOR</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 18.666666666666664px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 18.666666666666664px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">: Intel core i5-3210M</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 18.666666666666664px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">RAM</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 18.666666666666664px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 18.666666666666664px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 18.666666666666664px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">: 4096 MB</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 18.666666666666664px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">OS</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 18.666666666666664px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 18.666666666666664px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 18.666666666666664px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">: Windows 8.1 64-bit</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 18.666666666666664px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">VGA</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 18.666666666666664px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 18.666666666666664px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 18.666666666666664px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">: </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><img height="438" src="https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/yqbZFXN9wSwSoN44LWHbQ-8P-5UiiJgBUNVqYXC8m6bCTaAcRIAvKZKSzWA6L9Yiy07xcK5FnvGKwrkbJeDnci2UFOd7JOGiWssZgYlNG3lLVf8BjyEVxVBJcroL7yPTL6HOloxFgYdTgif6Ag" style="-webkit-transform: rotate(0.00rad); border: none; transform: rotate(0.00rad);" width="602" /></span></div>
<br /><br /><br /><br /><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.3800000000000001; margin-bottom: 10pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 18.666666666666664px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Pseudo Code Program 1 (Pascal)</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 18.666666666666664px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><img height="359" src="https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/Z0LrvLCXfQXAT0xbNt6hf1Ep6nbIzsylwhn4NmrqyVILVnXKUb5UZJ_jZXQanzbJW2_eNxXYi6KFniEUyLWtsRgfPUVU9b3gmwEkbYjPGoYjnUdcJENoN2HIuQsogbc2Mh_MszJPcvdgOG0GDA" style="-webkit-transform: rotate(0.00rad); border: none; transform: rotate(0.00rad);" width="520" /></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 18.666666666666664px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><img alt="C:\Users\Medi\Pictures\Untitled.png" height="308" src="https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/09Eq5aDyiJ6WokiJprl8G8XWkqbiXbyrJXLt6BXaYuuW5QoqCwKu-2mnv_goCPd1trPVLEslLZsouWJY3gym4ntyDsvTO9nIiAm3rblpkHAdQkHZx1Nh67oLnaoxP_D5nPI7jhuSLFKWdZutrQ" style="-webkit-transform: rotate(0.00rad); border: none; transform: rotate(0.00rad);" width="520" /></span></div>
<br /><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.3800000000000001; margin-bottom: 10pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 18.666666666666664px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Hasil Eksekusi Pseudo Code Program 1</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 18.666666666666664px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><img height="695" src="https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/E1PIc4Vmvr_Lpe4OKJQCqFkXtgEU1YLv2tVryOYFVou6yqT2dNOexWV0DOCca1CKrzA5jUkCaUn3hc9fXPullIOwAp1kXfr8_kayg51yY0zx5013qQR3D_TlML1XBMn1RexLbs8CI8cJg_CKmw" style="-webkit-transform: rotate(0.00rad); border: none; transform: rotate(0.00rad);" width="597" /></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 18.666666666666664px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><img height="73" src="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/PRWB63-XzZx5TGV5PGroYjTNJrV-lRIT2-pG_1KnST9wILHasi6hbuu7jN05CUfDc7X1TWYp6qRNvadkNXdopt7hqCBzONPhGN_W-YiJuH_payjAHCcUScrjFH2d4lV1ZgvL34E1VXH-0PrMoA" style="-webkit-transform: rotate(0.00rad); border: none; transform: rotate(0.00rad);" width="597" /></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 18.666666666666664px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><img height="642" src="https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/mfX9fd4LQRbyj-UePMHjK6Yjc5M5tNbH4owks8-5MjNChgs3vcIBURv4OrQ7HiG7Tt8b92Iqw1qN6sCU0eRkB_4DJl_fiKPCXEhxyQZLsmO9upj53rJ0JTyyP6bVzUNhny3mqohNyKzY_VUqjQ" style="-webkit-transform: rotate(0.00rad); border: none; transform: rotate(0.00rad);" width="597" /></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 18.666666666666664px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><img height="650" src="https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/N6qTFBcunrwRVGQVKG14ro78-J16_ffBDw-JaI4F3RUuHzOH3pcm4Ov498kWKQqx0DCzbrNGzGbFd2mbEm83sDGC7q58G3G4Y-p1bvgyKcKvsSaM22fKeoUWi7PBQAcN63vfKoTOeX3j9mxcjA" style="-webkit-transform: rotate(0.00rad); border: none; transform: rotate(0.00rad);" width="596" /></span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.3800000000000001; margin-bottom: 10pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 18.666666666666664px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><img height="573" src="https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/jBPODgnbCQPZ2a33Dm7Xdki22DnV6jwm_duGDMibAfMYS00vwUG_01gOd7_uviXLkNBVscHC8tQ0iw8QyPSh-1u4ml4JPiw3NC_IUmpBnpgqQPe9D_ZoyC2a3XQA3InfStE6Y32l2pWaHqF1EA" style="-webkit-transform: rotate(0.00rad); border: none; transform: rotate(0.00rad);" width="596" /></span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.3800000000000001; margin-bottom: 10pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 18.666666666666664px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><img height="338" src="https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/Czw3Q6UM6UIuBuoHdC9Fft61vLzx_LJxrLbnFLevJgyEaMxqp5KJmPbp0CA7a3g1WHQEiq3kDk2jxfzv7v9Oc3oXKM_IWjlBt-0fRASvthW5EtXAugeoHNTlGQF1AGzl9PamT06ETKJAZfT8qA" style="-webkit-transform: rotate(0.00rad); border: none; transform: rotate(0.00rad);" width="597" /></span></div>
<br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.3800000000000001; margin-bottom: 10pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 18.666666666666664px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Pseudo Code Program 2 (Pascal)</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 18.666666666666664px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><img height="347" src="https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/Zf3suQkd5E6wP4S9CV7mFqXhze9QRqbo6e7yr8gWzL6nCUo_lu5dyzIym0eSMPNqf4ksNltOilNeRSiLTdOewnxtVqFofy9QEl7cpPqKq47DxoNLdnL7al3F8eK-NGUNJzFE38IxZCz7wnwFDQ" style="-webkit-transform: rotate(0.00rad); border: none; transform: rotate(0.00rad);" width="561" /></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 18.666666666666664px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><img alt="C:\Users\Medi\Pictures\Untitled.png" height="353" src="https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/B0faK1cMkkLXtv_aQwhCKV-BC_gh9JhSYipJaRubUkzWLP5ZK6oVmKy1NsuWaTGHGX8sdhRySHEjWJtrLSkMJEvP9ViN5uyItaXaTLaFbx_vTGzyZmg51ZoCyB771qqeGCbGrMPjjXMzktmwWw" style="-webkit-transform: rotate(0.00rad); border: none; transform: rotate(0.00rad);" width="563" /></span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.3800000000000001; margin-bottom: 10pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 18.666666666666664px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Hasil Eksekusi Pseudo Code Program 2</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 18.666666666666664px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><img height="693" src="https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/PEaqgryiC8Sg1DG3YDMJC8U7byUN5y5uwIdS7uDXrj1frKB5vKa5IotfVQeJohGFijf5qFUsEHVzbqxHsNhv2m9RxnKnMuYEWrjg8brk9I-E3tTnW1y_7yWQ6Kj8ADDM5n0_eFwSPhIMlDZ7sQ" style="-webkit-transform: rotate(0.00rad); border: none; transform: rotate(0.00rad);" width="594" /></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 18.666666666666664px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><img height="648" src="https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/WHcMJFrt9FjqhHd8Zx7Xq65RveVeIjMeiL-QdS0xP8aIR1yaYr9cgcCZQBHSNm209K0832Q0Xy1oxbwc2lcGWEaioyafTmOn3cYe7Gum1NkEgSX-6vkM6U74iQJl8dH7ksQzm96TI1U3CvKFuA" style="-webkit-transform: rotate(0.00rad); border: none; transform: rotate(0.00rad);" width="594" /></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 18.666666666666664px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><img height="649" src="https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/ZsXrwPN88zKXtnHDnosjoCqHuSFbi8emSHTjUvjRQJikMOtSmm2TnpAsiaeAAKZL9yXmwEgv03mZ4F7BzzlrZtzyZt4elI6FPZU_ezuBFw9hcDBQw4OOLuzywvBDLKVPqaO-y-iGY2Npzp-4MA" style="-webkit-transform: rotate(0.00rad); border: none; transform: rotate(0.00rad);" width="596" /></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 18.666666666666664px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><img height="574" src="https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/sHDosSE75NxH7qc75z24q_KWTiWjOnwQbR7nlCxXWbS2bay0Djv0kDBAYQXfn6wURyp-IEHiSSFZE0w8p2up6KoHP__shZ_HA8Owq75xSaDuTjukhSBMY9hZWCaO5Zo4Qeo4NZpFCHyfD7ngJg" style="-webkit-transform: rotate(0.00rad); border: none; transform: rotate(0.00rad);" width="596" /></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 18.666666666666664px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><img height="374" src="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/GH4gqlxeaVL9KfgO1N8Rjuziql9SaAi8C-VxBbB3h--Pz6r-RCGqIoqtEARr9n7POYmJ8iNAjc1V_fp5F0SA8fGT8eQyxD22EcZAlwMfmnULh9bMC60C_B2TSQJ02L6ANklrzMgdhCrNc4qncg" style="-webkit-transform: rotate(0.00rad); border: none; transform: rotate(0.00rad);" width="598" /></span></div>
<br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.3800000000000001; margin-bottom: 10pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 18.666666666666664px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Tabel Hasil Pseudo Code</span></div>
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<table style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none;"><colgroup><col width="103"></col><col width="97"></col><col width="113"></col><col width="106"></col></colgroup><tbody>
<tr style="height: 17px;"><td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: solid #4bacc6 1px; border-left: solid #000000 0px; border-right: solid #000000 0px; border-top: solid #4bacc6 1px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Program 1</span></div>
</td><td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: solid #4bacc6 1px; border-left: solid #000000 0px; border-right: solid #000000 0px; border-top: solid #4bacc6 1px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Program 2</span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 17px;"><td style="background-color: #d2eaf0; border-bottom: solid #000000 0px; border-left: solid #000000 0px; border-right: solid #000000 0px; border-top: solid #4bacc6 1px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Bilangan prima</span></div>
</td><td style="background-color: #d2eaf0; border-bottom: solid #000000 0px; border-left: solid #000000 0px; border-right: solid #000000 0px; border-top: solid #4bacc6 1px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Waktu (Detik)</span></div>
</td><td style="background-color: #d2eaf0; border-bottom: solid #000000 0px; border-left: solid #000000 0px; border-right: solid #000000 0px; border-top: solid #4bacc6 1px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Bilangan prima</span></div>
</td><td style="background-color: #d2eaf0; border-bottom: solid #000000 0px; border-left: solid #000000 0px; border-right: solid #000000 0px; border-top: solid #4bacc6 1px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Waktu (Detik)</span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 17px;"><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 0px; border-left: solid #000000 0px; border-right: solid #000000 0px; border-top: solid #000000 0px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">2500</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 0px; border-left: solid #000000 0px; border-right: solid #000000 0px; border-top: solid #000000 0px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">0.0532</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 0px; border-left: solid #000000 0px; border-right: solid #000000 0px; border-top: solid #000000 0px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">2500</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 0px; border-left: solid #000000 0px; border-right: solid #000000 0px; border-top: solid #000000 0px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">0.0821</span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 17px;"><td style="background-color: #d2eaf0; border-bottom: solid #000000 0px; border-left: solid #000000 0px; border-right: solid #000000 0px; border-top: solid #000000 0px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">5000</span></div>
</td><td style="background-color: #d2eaf0; border-bottom: solid #000000 0px; border-left: solid #000000 0px; border-right: solid #000000 0px; border-top: solid #000000 0px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">0.2453</span></div>
</td><td style="background-color: #d2eaf0; border-bottom: solid #000000 0px; border-left: solid #000000 0px; border-right: solid #000000 0px; border-top: solid #000000 0px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">5000</span></div>
</td><td style="background-color: #d2eaf0; border-bottom: solid #000000 0px; border-left: solid #000000 0px; border-right: solid #000000 0px; border-top: solid #000000 0px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">0.3136</span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 17px;"><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 0px; border-left: solid #000000 0px; border-right: solid #000000 0px; border-top: solid #000000 0px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">7500</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 0px; border-left: solid #000000 0px; border-right: solid #000000 0px; border-top: solid #000000 0px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">0.6076</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 0px; border-left: solid #000000 0px; border-right: solid #000000 0px; border-top: solid #000000 0px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">7500</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 0px; border-left: solid #000000 0px; border-right: solid #000000 0px; border-top: solid #000000 0px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">0.7152</span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 17px;"><td style="background-color: #d2eaf0; border-bottom: solid #000000 0px; border-left: solid #000000 0px; border-right: solid #000000 0px; border-top: solid #000000 0px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">10000</span></div>
</td><td style="background-color: #d2eaf0; border-bottom: solid #000000 0px; border-left: solid #000000 0px; border-right: solid #000000 0px; border-top: solid #000000 0px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">0.9837</span></div>
</td><td style="background-color: #d2eaf0; border-bottom: solid #000000 0px; border-left: solid #000000 0px; border-right: solid #000000 0px; border-top: solid #000000 0px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">10000</span></div>
</td><td style="background-color: #d2eaf0; border-bottom: solid #000000 0px; border-left: solid #000000 0px; border-right: solid #000000 0px; border-top: solid #000000 0px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">1.1307</span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 17px;"><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 0px; border-left: solid #000000 0px; border-right: solid #000000 0px; border-top: solid #000000 0px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">12500</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 0px; border-left: solid #000000 0px; border-right: solid #000000 0px; border-top: solid #000000 0px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">1.5347</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 0px; border-left: solid #000000 0px; border-right: solid #000000 0px; border-top: solid #000000 0px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">12500</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 0px; border-left: solid #000000 0px; border-right: solid #000000 0px; border-top: solid #000000 0px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">1.9606</span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 17px;"><td style="background-color: #d2eaf0; border-bottom: solid #000000 0px; border-left: solid #000000 0px; border-right: solid #000000 0px; border-top: solid #000000 0px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">15000</span></div>
</td><td style="background-color: #d2eaf0; border-bottom: solid #000000 0px; border-left: solid #000000 0px; border-right: solid #000000 0px; border-top: solid #000000 0px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">2.677</span></div>
</td><td style="background-color: #d2eaf0; border-bottom: solid #000000 0px; border-left: solid #000000 0px; border-right: solid #000000 0px; border-top: solid #000000 0px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">15000</span></div>
</td><td style="background-color: #d2eaf0; border-bottom: solid #000000 0px; border-left: solid #000000 0px; border-right: solid #000000 0px; border-top: solid #000000 0px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">2.7673</span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 17px;"><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 0px; border-left: solid #000000 0px; border-right: solid #000000 0px; border-top: solid #000000 0px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">17500</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 0px; border-left: solid #000000 0px; border-right: solid #000000 0px; border-top: solid #000000 0px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">3.9201</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 0px; border-left: solid #000000 0px; border-right: solid #000000 0px; border-top: solid #000000 0px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">17500</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 0px; border-left: solid #000000 0px; border-right: solid #000000 0px; border-top: solid #000000 0px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">3.765</span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 17px;"><td style="background-color: #d2eaf0; border-bottom: solid #000000 0px; border-left: solid #000000 0px; border-right: solid #000000 0px; border-top: solid #000000 0px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">20000</span></div>
</td><td style="background-color: #d2eaf0; border-bottom: solid #000000 0px; border-left: solid #000000 0px; border-right: solid #000000 0px; border-top: solid #000000 0px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">5.2337</span></div>
</td><td style="background-color: #d2eaf0; border-bottom: solid #000000 0px; border-left: solid #000000 0px; border-right: solid #000000 0px; border-top: solid #000000 0px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">20000</span></div>
</td><td style="background-color: #d2eaf0; border-bottom: solid #000000 0px; border-left: solid #000000 0px; border-right: solid #000000 0px; border-top: solid #000000 0px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">4.5983</span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 17px;"><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 0px; border-left: solid #000000 0px; border-right: solid #000000 0px; border-top: solid #000000 0px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">22500</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 0px; border-left: solid #000000 0px; border-right: solid #000000 0px; border-top: solid #000000 0px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">6.375</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 0px; border-left: solid #000000 0px; border-right: solid #000000 0px; border-top: solid #000000 0px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">22500</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 0px; border-left: solid #000000 0px; border-right: solid #000000 0px; border-top: solid #000000 0px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">5.7430</span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 17px;"><td style="background-color: #d2eaf0; border-bottom: solid #000000 0px; border-left: solid #000000 0px; border-right: solid #000000 0px; border-top: solid #000000 0px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">25000</span></div>
</td><td style="background-color: #d2eaf0; border-bottom: solid #000000 0px; border-left: solid #000000 0px; border-right: solid #000000 0px; border-top: solid #000000 0px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">7.4131</span></div>
</td><td style="background-color: #d2eaf0; border-bottom: solid #000000 0px; border-left: solid #000000 0px; border-right: solid #000000 0px; border-top: solid #000000 0px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">25000</span></div>
</td><td style="background-color: #d2eaf0; border-bottom: solid #000000 0px; border-left: solid #000000 0px; border-right: solid #000000 0px; border-top: solid #000000 0px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">7.4085</span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 17px;"><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 0px; border-left: solid #000000 0px; border-right: solid #000000 0px; border-top: solid #000000 0px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">27500</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 0px; border-left: solid #000000 0px; border-right: solid #000000 0px; border-top: solid #000000 0px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">9.5543</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 0px; border-left: solid #000000 0px; border-right: solid #000000 0px; border-top: solid #000000 0px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">27500</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 0px; border-left: solid #000000 0px; border-right: solid #000000 0px; border-top: solid #000000 0px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">9.0625</span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 17px;"><td style="background-color: #d2eaf0; border-bottom: solid #000000 0px; border-left: solid #000000 0px; border-right: solid #000000 0px; border-top: solid #000000 0px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">30000</span></div>
</td><td style="background-color: #d2eaf0; border-bottom: solid #000000 0px; border-left: solid #000000 0px; border-right: solid #000000 0px; border-top: solid #000000 0px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">10.8819</span></div>
</td><td style="background-color: #d2eaf0; border-bottom: solid #000000 0px; border-left: solid #000000 0px; border-right: solid #000000 0px; border-top: solid #000000 0px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">30000</span></div>
</td><td style="background-color: #d2eaf0; border-bottom: solid #000000 0px; border-left: solid #000000 0px; border-right: solid #000000 0px; border-top: solid #000000 0px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">10.3807</span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 17px;"><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 0px; border-left: solid #000000 0px; border-right: solid #000000 0px; border-top: solid #000000 0px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">32500</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 0px; border-left: solid #000000 0px; border-right: solid #000000 0px; border-top: solid #000000 0px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">13.0717</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 0px; border-left: solid #000000 0px; border-right: solid #000000 0px; border-top: solid #000000 0px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">32500</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 0px; border-left: solid #000000 0px; border-right: solid #000000 0px; border-top: solid #000000 0px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">12.9803</span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 17px;"><td style="background-color: #d2eaf0; border-bottom: solid #000000 0px; border-left: solid #000000 0px; border-right: solid #000000 0px; border-top: solid #000000 0px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">35000</span></div>
</td><td style="background-color: #d2eaf0; border-bottom: solid #000000 0px; border-left: solid #000000 0px; border-right: solid #000000 0px; border-top: solid #000000 0px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">15.5034</span></div>
</td><td style="background-color: #d2eaf0; border-bottom: solid #000000 0px; border-left: solid #000000 0px; border-right: solid #000000 0px; border-top: solid #000000 0px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">35000</span></div>
</td><td style="background-color: #d2eaf0; border-bottom: solid #000000 0px; border-left: solid #000000 0px; border-right: solid #000000 0px; border-top: solid #000000 0px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">14.4606</span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 17px;"><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 0px; border-left: solid #000000 0px; border-right: solid #000000 0px; border-top: solid #000000 0px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">37500</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 0px; border-left: solid #000000 0px; border-right: solid #000000 0px; border-top: solid #000000 0px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">16.9155</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 0px; border-left: solid #000000 0px; border-right: solid #000000 0px; border-top: solid #000000 0px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">37500</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 0px; border-left: solid #000000 0px; border-right: solid #000000 0px; border-top: solid #000000 0px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">16.1134</span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 17px;"><td style="background-color: #d2eaf0; border-bottom: solid #000000 0px; border-left: solid #000000 0px; border-right: solid #000000 0px; border-top: solid #000000 0px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">40000</span></div>
</td><td style="background-color: #d2eaf0; border-bottom: solid #000000 0px; border-left: solid #000000 0px; border-right: solid #000000 0px; border-top: solid #000000 0px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">19.559</span></div>
</td><td style="background-color: #d2eaf0; border-bottom: solid #000000 0px; border-left: solid #000000 0px; border-right: solid #000000 0px; border-top: solid #000000 0px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">40000</span></div>
</td><td style="background-color: #d2eaf0; border-bottom: solid #000000 0px; border-left: solid #000000 0px; border-right: solid #000000 0px; border-top: solid #000000 0px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">18.7604</span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 17px;"><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 0px; border-left: solid #000000 0px; border-right: solid #000000 0px; border-top: solid #000000 0px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">42500</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 0px; border-left: solid #000000 0px; border-right: solid #000000 0px; border-top: solid #000000 0px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">22.228</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 0px; border-left: solid #000000 0px; border-right: solid #000000 0px; border-top: solid #000000 0px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">42500</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 0px; border-left: solid #000000 0px; border-right: solid #000000 0px; border-top: solid #000000 0px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">21.3935</span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 17px;"><td style="background-color: #d2eaf0; border-bottom: solid #000000 0px; border-left: solid #000000 0px; border-right: solid #000000 0px; border-top: solid #000000 0px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">45000</span></div>
</td><td style="background-color: #d2eaf0; border-bottom: solid #000000 0px; border-left: solid #000000 0px; border-right: solid #000000 0px; border-top: solid #000000 0px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">25.4027</span></div>
</td><td style="background-color: #d2eaf0; border-bottom: solid #000000 0px; border-left: solid #000000 0px; border-right: solid #000000 0px; border-top: solid #000000 0px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">45000</span></div>
</td><td style="background-color: #d2eaf0; border-bottom: solid #000000 0px; border-left: solid #000000 0px; border-right: solid #000000 0px; border-top: solid #000000 0px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">24.3842</span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 17px;"><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 0px; border-left: solid #000000 0px; border-right: solid #000000 0px; border-top: solid #000000 0px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">47500</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 0px; border-left: solid #000000 0px; border-right: solid #000000 0px; border-top: solid #000000 0px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">27.9583</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 0px; border-left: solid #000000 0px; border-right: solid #000000 0px; border-top: solid #000000 0px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">47500</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 0px; border-left: solid #000000 0px; border-right: solid #000000 0px; border-top: solid #000000 0px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">26.7615</span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 17px;"><td style="background-color: #d2eaf0; border-bottom: solid #000000 0px; border-left: solid #000000 0px; border-right: solid #000000 0px; border-top: solid #000000 0px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">50000</span></div>
</td><td style="background-color: #d2eaf0; border-bottom: solid #000000 0px; border-left: solid #000000 0px; border-right: solid #000000 0px; border-top: solid #000000 0px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">32.118</span></div>
</td><td style="background-color: #d2eaf0; border-bottom: solid #000000 0px; border-left: solid #000000 0px; border-right: solid #000000 0px; border-top: solid #000000 0px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">50000</span></div>
</td><td style="background-color: #d2eaf0; border-bottom: solid #000000 0px; border-left: solid #000000 0px; border-right: solid #000000 0px; border-top: solid #000000 0px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">30.8252</span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 17px;"><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 0px; border-left: solid #000000 0px; border-right: solid #000000 0px; border-top: solid #000000 0px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">52500</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 0px; border-left: solid #000000 0px; border-right: solid #000000 0px; border-top: solid #000000 0px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">34.4571</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 0px; border-left: solid #000000 0px; border-right: solid #000000 0px; border-top: solid #000000 0px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">52500</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 0px; border-left: solid #000000 0px; border-right: solid #000000 0px; border-top: solid #000000 0px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">32.7962</span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 17px;"><td style="background-color: #d2eaf0; border-bottom: solid #000000 0px; border-left: solid #000000 0px; border-right: solid #000000 0px; border-top: solid #000000 0px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">55000</span></div>
</td><td style="background-color: #d2eaf0; border-bottom: solid #000000 0px; border-left: solid #000000 0px; border-right: solid #000000 0px; border-top: solid #000000 0px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">38.9317</span></div>
</td><td style="background-color: #d2eaf0; border-bottom: solid #000000 0px; border-left: solid #000000 0px; border-right: solid #000000 0px; border-top: solid #000000 0px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">55000</span></div>
</td><td style="background-color: #d2eaf0; border-bottom: solid #000000 0px; border-left: solid #000000 0px; border-right: solid #000000 0px; border-top: solid #000000 0px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">37.6678</span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 17px;"><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 0px; border-left: solid #000000 0px; border-right: solid #000000 0px; border-top: solid #000000 0px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">57500</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 0px; border-left: solid #000000 0px; border-right: solid #000000 0px; border-top: solid #000000 0px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">40.2523</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 0px; border-left: solid #000000 0px; border-right: solid #000000 0px; border-top: solid #000000 0px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">57500</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 0px; border-left: solid #000000 0px; border-right: solid #000000 0px; border-top: solid #000000 0px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">38.6388</span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 17px;"><td style="background-color: #d2eaf0; border-bottom: solid #000000 0px; border-left: solid #000000 0px; border-right: solid #000000 0px; border-top: solid #000000 0px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">60000</span></div>
</td><td style="background-color: #d2eaf0; border-bottom: solid #000000 0px; border-left: solid #000000 0px; border-right: solid #000000 0px; border-top: solid #000000 0px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">42.6886</span></div>
</td><td style="background-color: #d2eaf0; border-bottom: solid #000000 0px; border-left: solid #000000 0px; border-right: solid #000000 0px; border-top: solid #000000 0px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">60000</span></div>
</td><td style="background-color: #d2eaf0; border-bottom: solid #000000 0px; border-left: solid #000000 0px; border-right: solid #000000 0px; border-top: solid #000000 0px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">40.89</span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 17px;"><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 0px; border-left: solid #000000 0px; border-right: solid #000000 0px; border-top: solid #000000 0px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">62500</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 0px; border-left: solid #000000 0px; border-right: solid #000000 0px; border-top: solid #000000 0px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">45.8379</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 0px; border-left: solid #000000 0px; border-right: solid #000000 0px; border-top: solid #000000 0px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">62500</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 0px; border-left: solid #000000 0px; border-right: solid #000000 0px; border-top: solid #000000 0px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">44.3692</span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 17px;"><td style="background-color: #d2eaf0; border-bottom: solid #000000 0px; border-left: solid #000000 0px; border-right: solid #000000 0px; border-top: solid #000000 0px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">65000</span></div>
</td><td style="background-color: #d2eaf0; border-bottom: solid #000000 0px; border-left: solid #000000 0px; border-right: solid #000000 0px; border-top: solid #000000 0px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">48.552</span></div>
</td><td style="background-color: #d2eaf0; border-bottom: solid #000000 0px; border-left: solid #000000 0px; border-right: solid #000000 0px; border-top: solid #000000 0px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">65000</span></div>
</td><td style="background-color: #d2eaf0; border-bottom: solid #000000 0px; border-left: solid #000000 0px; border-right: solid #000000 0px; border-top: solid #000000 0px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">46.2372</span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 17px;"><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 0px; border-left: solid #000000 0px; border-right: solid #000000 0px; border-top: solid #000000 0px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">67500</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 0px; border-left: solid #000000 0px; border-right: solid #000000 0px; border-top: solid #000000 0px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">53.6851</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 0px; border-left: solid #000000 0px; border-right: solid #000000 0px; border-top: solid #000000 0px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">67500</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 0px; border-left: solid #000000 0px; border-right: solid #000000 0px; border-top: solid #000000 0px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">50.6076</span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 17px;"><td style="background-color: #d2eaf0; border-bottom: solid #000000 0px; border-left: solid #000000 0px; border-right: solid #000000 0px; border-top: solid #000000 0px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">70000</span></div>
</td><td style="background-color: #d2eaf0; border-bottom: solid #000000 0px; border-left: solid #000000 0px; border-right: solid #000000 0px; border-top: solid #000000 0px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">60.2141</span></div>
</td><td style="background-color: #d2eaf0; border-bottom: solid #000000 0px; border-left: solid #000000 0px; border-right: solid #000000 0px; border-top: solid #000000 0px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">70000</span></div>
</td><td style="background-color: #d2eaf0; border-bottom: solid #000000 0px; border-left: solid #000000 0px; border-right: solid #000000 0px; border-top: solid #000000 0px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">57.6608</span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 17px;"><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 0px; border-left: solid #000000 0px; border-right: solid #000000 0px; border-top: solid #000000 0px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">72500</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 0px; border-left: solid #000000 0px; border-right: solid #000000 0px; border-top: solid #000000 0px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">62.1631</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 0px; border-left: solid #000000 0px; border-right: solid #000000 0px; border-top: solid #000000 0px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">72500</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 0px; border-left: solid #000000 0px; border-right: solid #000000 0px; border-top: solid #000000 0px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">61.2858</span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 17px;"><td style="background-color: #d2eaf0; border-bottom: solid #000000 0px; border-left: solid #000000 0px; border-right: solid #000000 0px; border-top: solid #000000 0px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">75000</span></div>
</td><td style="background-color: #d2eaf0; border-bottom: solid #000000 0px; border-left: solid #000000 0px; border-right: solid #000000 0px; border-top: solid #000000 0px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">65.6597</span></div>
</td><td style="background-color: #d2eaf0; border-bottom: solid #000000 0px; border-left: solid #000000 0px; border-right: solid #000000 0px; border-top: solid #000000 0px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">75000</span></div>
</td><td style="background-color: #d2eaf0; border-bottom: solid #000000 0px; border-left: solid #000000 0px; border-right: solid #000000 0px; border-top: solid #000000 0px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">62.6342</span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 17px;"><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 0px; border-left: solid #000000 0px; border-right: solid #000000 0px; border-top: solid #000000 0px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">77500</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 0px; border-left: solid #000000 0px; border-right: solid #000000 0px; border-top: solid #000000 0px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">67.8379</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 0px; border-left: solid #000000 0px; border-right: solid #000000 0px; border-top: solid #000000 0px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">77500</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 0px; border-left: solid #000000 0px; border-right: solid #000000 0px; border-top: solid #000000 0px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">65.1956</span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 17px;"><td style="background-color: #d2eaf0; border-bottom: solid #000000 0px; border-left: solid #000000 0px; border-right: solid #000000 0px; border-top: solid #000000 0px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">80000</span></div>
</td><td style="background-color: #d2eaf0; border-bottom: solid #000000 0px; border-left: solid #000000 0px; border-right: solid #000000 0px; border-top: solid #000000 0px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">76.1793</span></div>
</td><td style="background-color: #d2eaf0; border-bottom: solid #000000 0px; border-left: solid #000000 0px; border-right: solid #000000 0px; border-top: solid #000000 0px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">80000</span></div>
</td><td style="background-color: #d2eaf0; border-bottom: solid #000000 0px; border-left: solid #000000 0px; border-right: solid #000000 0px; border-top: solid #000000 0px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">70.5752</span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 17px;"><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 0px; border-left: solid #000000 0px; border-right: solid #000000 0px; border-top: solid #000000 0px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">82500</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 0px; border-left: solid #000000 0px; border-right: solid #000000 0px; border-top: solid #000000 0px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">79.8009</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 0px; border-left: solid #000000 0px; border-right: solid #000000 0px; border-top: solid #000000 0px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">82500</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 0px; border-left: solid #000000 0px; border-right: solid #000000 0px; border-top: solid #000000 0px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">79.5833</span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 17px;"><td style="background-color: #d2eaf0; border-bottom: solid #000000 0px; border-left: solid #000000 0px; border-right: solid #000000 0px; border-top: solid #000000 0px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">85000</span></div>
</td><td style="background-color: #d2eaf0; border-bottom: solid #000000 0px; border-left: solid #000000 0px; border-right: solid #000000 0px; border-top: solid #000000 0px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">81.8506</span></div>
</td><td style="background-color: #d2eaf0; border-bottom: solid #000000 0px; border-left: solid #000000 0px; border-right: solid #000000 0px; border-top: solid #000000 0px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">85000</span></div>
</td><td style="background-color: #d2eaf0; border-bottom: solid #000000 0px; border-left: solid #000000 0px; border-right: solid #000000 0px; border-top: solid #000000 0px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">77.8506</span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 17px;"><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 0px; border-left: solid #000000 0px; border-right: solid #000000 0px; border-top: solid #000000 0px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">87500</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 0px; border-left: solid #000000 0px; border-right: solid #000000 0px; border-top: solid #000000 0px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">86.8298</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 0px; border-left: solid #000000 0px; border-right: solid #000000 0px; border-top: solid #000000 0px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">87500</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 0px; border-left: solid #000000 0px; border-right: solid #000000 0px; border-top: solid #000000 0px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">82.4212</span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 17px;"><td style="background-color: #d2eaf0; border-bottom: solid #000000 0px; border-left: solid #000000 0px; border-right: solid #000000 0px; border-top: solid #000000 0px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">90000</span></div>
</td><td style="background-color: #d2eaf0; border-bottom: solid #000000 0px; border-left: solid #000000 0px; border-right: solid #000000 0px; border-top: solid #000000 0px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">89.4085</span></div>
</td><td style="background-color: #d2eaf0; border-bottom: solid #000000 0px; border-left: solid #000000 0px; border-right: solid #000000 0px; border-top: solid #000000 0px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">90000</span></div>
</td><td style="background-color: #d2eaf0; border-bottom: solid #000000 0px; border-left: solid #000000 0px; border-right: solid #000000 0px; border-top: solid #000000 0px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">87.3831</span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 17px;"><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 0px; border-left: solid #000000 0px; border-right: solid #000000 0px; border-top: solid #000000 0px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">92500</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 0px; border-left: solid #000000 0px; border-right: solid #000000 0px; border-top: solid #000000 0px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">95.5798</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 0px; border-left: solid #000000 0px; border-right: solid #000000 0px; border-top: solid #000000 0px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">92500</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 0px; border-left: solid #000000 0px; border-right: solid #000000 0px; border-top: solid #000000 0px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">89.2962</span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 17px;"><td style="background-color: #d2eaf0; border-bottom: solid #000000 0px; border-left: solid #000000 0px; border-right: solid #000000 0px; border-top: solid #000000 0px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: -4.5pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">95000</span></div>
</td><td style="background-color: #d2eaf0; border-bottom: solid #000000 0px; border-left: solid #000000 0px; border-right: solid #000000 0px; border-top: solid #000000 0px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">101.9571</span></div>
</td><td style="background-color: #d2eaf0; border-bottom: solid #000000 0px; border-left: solid #000000 0px; border-right: solid #000000 0px; border-top: solid #000000 0px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">95000</span></div>
</td><td style="background-color: #d2eaf0; border-bottom: solid #000000 0px; border-left: solid #000000 0px; border-right: solid #000000 0px; border-top: solid #000000 0px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">95.6574</span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 17px;"><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 0px; border-left: solid #000000 0px; border-right: solid #000000 0px; border-top: solid #000000 0px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">97500</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 0px; border-left: solid #000000 0px; border-right: solid #000000 0px; border-top: solid #000000 0px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">108.6388</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 0px; border-left: solid #000000 0px; border-right: solid #000000 0px; border-top: solid #000000 0px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">97500</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 0px; border-left: solid #000000 0px; border-right: solid #000000 0px; border-top: solid #000000 0px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">103.8831</span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 17px;"><td style="background-color: #d2eaf0; border-bottom: solid #4bacc6 1px; border-left: solid #000000 0px; border-right: solid #000000 0px; border-top: solid #000000 0px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">100000</span></div>
</td><td style="background-color: #d2eaf0; border-bottom: solid #4bacc6 1px; border-left: solid #000000 0px; border-right: solid #000000 0px; border-top: solid #000000 0px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">100.7546</span></div>
</td><td style="background-color: #d2eaf0; border-bottom: solid #4bacc6 1px; border-left: solid #000000 0px; border-right: solid #000000 0px; border-top: solid #000000 0px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">100000</span></div>
</td><td style="background-color: #d2eaf0; border-bottom: solid #4bacc6 1px; border-left: solid #000000 0px; border-right: solid #000000 0px; border-top: solid #000000 0px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">109.8958</span></div>
</td></tr>
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</div>
<br /><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.3800000000000001; margin-bottom: 10pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 18.666666666666664px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Growth Rate Hasil Pseudo Code</span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.3800000000000001; margin-bottom: 10pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 18.666666666666664px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><img height="288" src="https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/8lnJhZdfUGk1LVfhf7sXHw8OdZJEyJcvZfco3yFo7nri88P2l1vp8l1RRNRF20ASyAo7zibNBuXb98sIa0l7gmHDR_TZe4ctoldHV5EhJN-moUKArDa4ml8CWU-oLEdyIxdvqhMv_bl-vilSpA" style="-webkit-transform: rotate(0.00rad); border: none; transform: rotate(0.00rad);" width="542" /></span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.3800000000000001; margin-bottom: 10pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 18.666666666666664px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><img height="288" src="https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/LS1Mg9eFrB_LFIZnYvKRpeKq_BNu-OhF4HDcWJq0sgt_fLmScucYiTpQt6ivRNRHTOtrfX2rMoLz0lFcNXzaZOVxos2ZD8hYCLw02-E4Ra-lvrUl5rgDge_4stlFK6j5Q5EG8kYKsO0Jx6jnEw" style="-webkit-transform: rotate(0.00rad); border: none; transform: rotate(0.00rad);" width="542" /></span></div>
<br /><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.3800000000000001; margin-bottom: 10pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 18.666666666666664px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Kesimpulan </span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.3800000000000001; margin-bottom: 10pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 18.666666666666664px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Pada Bilangan Prima 2500-15000 kompleksitas waktu pada algoritma ke-1 lebih cepat di banding, algoritma ke-2, namun pada bilangan prima 17500-47500 kompleksitas waktu pada algoritma ke-1 lebih lambat di banding algoritma ke-2, dan di bilangan prima 50000 algoritma ke-1 kembali cepat di banding algoritma ke-2, dan seterusnya algoritma ke-1 kompleksitas waktu semakin lambat di banding algoritma yang ke-2.</span></div>
<br /><br /></div>
jujurhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05687765228352366156noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2068584858024834626.post-40724933092465679372016-04-05T09:59:00.000-07:002016-04-05T09:59:10.956-07:00Hasil Review Tugas Besar RPL 1 TA. 2014/2015<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="footnote text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="35" SemiHidden="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="10" QFormat="true" Name="Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" SemiHidden="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="11" QFormat="true" Name="Subtitle"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="22" QFormat="true" Name="Strong"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="20" QFormat="true" Name="Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Acronym"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Preformatted"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Outline List 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="Table Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" Name="Placeholder Text"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" Name="Revision"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="34" QFormat="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="29" QFormat="true" Name="Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="30" QFormat="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 1"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 2"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 2"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 3"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 3"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 4"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 4"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 4"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 4"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 5"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="19" QFormat="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="21" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="31" QFormat="true"
Name="Subtle Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="32" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="33" QFormat="true" Name="Book Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="37" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Bibliography"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="TOC Heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="41" Name="Plain Table 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="42" Name="Plain Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="43" Name="Plain Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="44" Name="Plain Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="45" Name="Plain Table 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="40" Name="Grid Table Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46" Name="Grid Table 1 Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51" Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52" Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
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<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 15.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Review Analisis Data
(ERD)</span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 15.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 17.15pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 24.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Helvetica;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Pembentukkan ERD masih
berorientasi pada proses atau dokumen bukan terhadap entitas yang diwakili.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 17.15pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 24.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Helvetica;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Penggunaan relasi lemah
dan entitas lemah tidak tepat. Pahami kembali penggunaan dua hal tersebut.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 17.15pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 24.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Helvetica;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Terdapat beberapa ERD
yang nama relasinya tidak dituliskan atau penamaannya tidak tepat untuk relasi
many to many. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 17.15pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 24.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Helvetica;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Apabila atribut tidak
lengkap pada ERD maka buatlah kamus data ERD.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 17.15pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 24.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Helvetica;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Pada analisis data,
banyak relasi dan kardinalitas yang tidak sesuai dengan analisis prosedur yang
berjalan.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 17.15pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 24.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Helvetica;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">6.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Pertimbangkan dengan
baik apakah entitas pelanggan akan ada atau tidak pada ERD yang dibangun.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 17.15pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 24.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Helvetica;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">7.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Penggunaan konsep
gen-spec tidak tepat. Entitas hanya boleh dispesialisasikan apabila antar
entitas yang dispesialisasikan mempunyai atribut yang berbeda. Sebagai contoh
entitas pegawai dispesialisasikan menjadi koki, kasir, dll padahal antar
entitas hasil spesialisasi tidak mempunyai atribut yang berbeda.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 17.15pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 24.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Helvetica;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">8.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Penentuan kardinalitas
didasarkan pada jumlah data yang bisa disimpan pada entitas dan harus dilihat
secara bolak-balik antar entitas yang saling berelasi.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 17.15pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 24.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Helvetica;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">9.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Banyak kelompok yang
atribut kuncinya tidak digarisbawahi.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 17.15pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 24.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Helvetica;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">10.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Entitas pada ERD harus
saling berelasi (tidak boleh terpisah).</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 17.15pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 24.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Helvetica;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">11.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Setiap entitas ada
baiknya mempunyai atribut kunci (untuk entitas kuat) atau diskriminator (untuk
entitas lemah).</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 17.15pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 24.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Helvetica;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">12.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Perhatikan teori tentang
penggunaan konsep agregasi pada ERD beserta syarat terjadinya agregasi.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 17.15pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 17.15pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Review Analisis
Kebutuhan Fungsional (Diagram konteks, DFD, Kamus Data DFD, dan Spesifikasi
Proses)</span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 17.15pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 24.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Helvetica;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Jumlah entitas luar
tidak sesuai dengan deskripsi kerja yang diberikan.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 17.15pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 24.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Helvetica;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Pihak yang melakukan
input data pada DFD tidak sesuai dengan deskripsi kerja pegawai.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 17.15pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 24.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Helvetica;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Breakdown DFD terlalu
detail (sampai level input data x).</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 17.15pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 24.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Helvetica;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Penggunaan simbol pada
kamus data DFD masih terdapat banyak kesalahan (contoh: simbol {} dengan simbol
[]). Baca kembali buku DFD yang sudah di-copy.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 17.15pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 24.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Helvetica;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Masih banyak kelompok
yang tidak membuat administrator sebagai entitas luar pada diagram konteksnya.
Kalau tidak ada administrator, siapa yang bertanggung jawab dengan penambahan
data pengguna dan hal-hal yang membutuhkan izin khusus. Pahami level user pada
mata kuliah IMK.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 17.15pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 24.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Helvetica;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">6.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Keterlibatan pelanggan
terhadap sistem seringkali tidak sesuai dengan Diagram konteks dan DFD terutama
dalam hal pemesanan dan kuesioner.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 17.15pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 24.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Helvetica;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">7.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Input dan Output pada
diagram konteks tidak lengkap dan tidak sesuai dengan breakdown DFD level
berikutnya.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 17.15pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 24.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Helvetica;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">8.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Jumlah data store pada
DFD tidak sama dengan hasil dari analisis data.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 17.15pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 24.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Helvetica;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">9.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Penamaan proses pada DFD
terlalu umum, contoh: proses tambah, proses ubah, dan lain-lain.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 17.15pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 24.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Helvetica;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">10.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Proses yang terdapat
pada DFD masih terfokus hanya pada operasi CRUD (Create, Retrieve, Update,
Delete) sedangkan pada sistem yang dibangun tidak hanya operasi tersebut yang
dibutuhkan.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 17.15pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 24.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Helvetica;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">11.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Konsep grouping data dan
proses masih banyak yang tidak digunakan. Sebagai contoh untuk data login masih
banyak kelompok yang menuliskan username, password di DFD.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 17.15pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 24.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Helvetica;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">12.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Penomoran proses pada
DFD perlevelnya masih ada yang tidak tepat. Bahkan terdapat DFD yang prosesnya
tidak diberi nomor.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 17.15pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 24.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Helvetica;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">13.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">DFD tidak dibagi-bagi
berdasarkan jenis pengguna. Jadi tidak ada istilah DFD untuk koki dan
lain-lain.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 17.15pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 24.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Helvetica;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">14.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Garis pada diagram
konteks dan DFD tidak menempel dengan baik.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 17.15pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 24.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Helvetica;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">15.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Garis data baik keluar
dari data store atau masuk ke data store seharusnya tetap berupa data.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 17.15pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 24.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Helvetica;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">16.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Data yang berbeda harus
diberi nama yang berbeda, contoh data untuk yang ditambah akan berbeda dengan
data yang dihapus.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 17.15pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 24.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Helvetica;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">17.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Informasi atau laporan
hanya untuk entitas luar yang berwujud manusia, selain itu garis keluar berupa
data.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 17.15pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 24.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Helvetica;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">18.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Breakdown DFD pada level
berikutnya harus lebih dari satu proses.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 17.15pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 24.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Helvetica;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">19.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Tidak boleh ada output
tanpa input untuk entitas eksternal begitupun sebaliknya.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 17.15pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 24.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Helvetica;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">20.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Entitas luar yang
berwujud manusia sesuaikan jumlahnya dengan hasil analisis kebutuhan perangkat
pikir. Masih ada kelompok yang menggabungkan koki, pelayan, dll menjadi satu
entitas luar yaitu pegawai. Satu entitas mewakili satu bentuk tanggung jawab
dan hak akses.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 17.15pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 24.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Helvetica;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">21.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Untuk proses login
apakah perlu untuk di-breakdown? Kalau perlu seperti apa bentuk breakdownnya.
Apabila breakdownnya adalah pengecekan username sebagai proses login.1 dan
pengecekan password login.2 maka breakdownnya salah karena pengecekan kedua hal
tersebut dilakukan secara bersamaan. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 17.15pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 24.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Helvetica;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">22.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Simbol garis pada DFD
bukan simbol proses sehingga penamaannya jangan menggunakan penamaan proses.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 17.15pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 17.15pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Review Perancangan
Data (Skema Relasi, Diagram Relasi, dan Struktur Tabel)</span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 17.15pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 24.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Helvetica;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Skema relasi dan diagram
relasi tidak menggambarkan FK dan PK. Gunakan tools yang tepat.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 17.15pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 24.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Helvetica;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Foreign key tidak
mengandung references pada struktur tabel.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 17.15pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 24.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Helvetica;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Penggunaan constraint
pada struktur tabel tidak ada atau kurang (contoh: penggunaan unique dan auto
increment).</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 17.15pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 24.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Helvetica;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Tipe data pada struktur
tabel tidak optimal (contoh: penggunaan char dibandingkan dengan varchar,
penggunaan enum tidak dilakukan padahal terdapat atribut yang bisa menggunakan
tipe data tersebut).</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 17.15pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 24.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Helvetica;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Arah panah pada diagram
relasi seharusnya berasal dari FK menunjuk ke PK, bukan sebaliknya.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 17.15pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 24.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Helvetica;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">6.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Garis relasi di diagram
relasi jangan bertumpuk karena akan menimbulkan salah arti pada relasi.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 17.15pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 24.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Helvetica;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">7.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Hasil perancangan data
berbeda dengan hasil analisis data.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 17.15pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 15.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Review Perancangan
Antarmuka dan Pesan</span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 17.15pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 24.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Helvetica;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Antarmuka tidak sesuai
dengan DFD dan kamus data DFD terutama masalah data input dan output.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 17.15pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 24.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Helvetica;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Terdapat perancangan
antarmuka untuk pelanggan (seperti halaman home yang berisi deskripsi
restaurant dan lain-lain) padahal di Diagram konteks dan DFD tidak ada hubungan
antara sistem dengan pelanggan.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 17.15pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 24.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Helvetica;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Penggunaan komponen
antarmuka tidak efisien. Sebagai contoh untuk pilihan makanan pada menu yang
tidak tepat akan memperlambat proses pemesanan.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 17.15pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 24.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Helvetica;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Banyak sekali data yang
bisa diinput secara otomatis akan tetapi masih diinput secara manual, contoh:
tanggal hari ini masih diminta dari komponen datetimepicker.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 17.15pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 24.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Helvetica;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Banyak kelompok yang
tidak membuat perancangan pesan dan laporan.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 17.15pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 24.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Helvetica;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">6.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Pembagian menu yang bisa
diakses oleh permasing-masing jenis pengguna harap diperhatikan karena ada
kelompok yang menggabungkan semua menu dalam satu halaman perancangan.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 17.15pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Review Presentasi</span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 17.15pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 24.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Helvetica;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Hampir seluruh kelompok
tidak melakukan presentasi dengan baik. Hal ini dapat dilihat dari sikap selama
presentasi, kerapian, dan cara melakukan presentasi yang lebih menyerupai
membaca slide.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 17.15pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 24.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Helvetica;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Penguasaan materi yang
akan dipresentasikan sangat kurang seakan-akan slide baru dibuat pada hari yang
sama dengan presentasi.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 17.15pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 24.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Helvetica;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Untuk menunjuk poin
tertentu pada slide, gunakan alat bantu seperti pulpen atau spidol (lebih baik
apabila menggunakan pointer). Jangan gunakan jari untuk menunjuk poin di slide.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 17.15pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 24.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Helvetica;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Banyak kelompok yang
belum mengintegrasikan filenya dengan baik dalam satu folder di satu laptop
sehingga terjadi proses penyalinan data pada saat presentasi.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 17.15pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 24.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Helvetica;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Screen harus dalam
kondisi duplicate dengan proyektor jangan dalam kondisi extend.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
</div>
jujurhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05687765228352366156noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2068584858024834626.post-25172203887764075622016-04-05T09:58:00.000-07:002016-04-05T09:58:03.720-07:00Mobile Farming APP Risk Management Plan<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" Name="Revision"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="34" QFormat="true"
Name="List Paragraph"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="29" QFormat="true" Name="Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="30" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="19" QFormat="true"
Name="Subtle Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="21" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="31" QFormat="true"
Name="Subtle Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="32" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="33" QFormat="true" Name="Book Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="37" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Bibliography"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="TOC Heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="41" Name="Plain Table 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="42" Name="Plain Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="43" Name="Plain Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="44" Name="Plain Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="45" Name="Plain Table 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="40" Name="Grid Table Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46" Name="Grid Table 1 Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51" Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52" Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46" Name="List Table 1 Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51" Name="List Table 6 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52" Name="List Table 7 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 2"/>
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Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 3"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 3"/>
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Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 6"/>
</w:LatentStyles>
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 10]>
<style>
/* Style Definitions */
table.MsoNormalTable
{mso-style-name:"Table Normal";
mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;
mso-tstyle-colband-size:0;
mso-style-noshow:yes;
mso-style-priority:99;
mso-style-parent:"";
mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;
mso-para-margin:0in;
mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt;
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";}
table.MsoTableGrid
{mso-style-name:"Table Grid";
mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;
mso-tstyle-colband-size:0;
mso-style-unhide:no;
border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;
mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;
mso-border-insideh:.5pt solid windowtext;
mso-border-insidev:.5pt solid windowtext;
mso-para-margin-top:3.0pt;
mso-para-margin-right:0in;
mso-para-margin-bottom:3.0pt;
mso-para-margin-left:.4in;
text-align:justify;
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";}
table.MsoTable15Plain1
{mso-style-name:"Plain Table 1";
mso-tstyle-rowband-size:1;
mso-tstyle-colband-size:1;
mso-style-priority:41;
mso-style-unhide:no;
border:solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt;
mso-border-themecolor:background1;
mso-border-themeshade:191;
mso-border-alt:solid #BFBFBF .5pt;
mso-border-themecolor:background1;
mso-border-themeshade:191;
mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;
mso-border-insideh:.5pt solid #BFBFBF;
mso-border-insideh-themecolor:background1;
mso-border-insideh-themeshade:191;
mso-border-insidev:.5pt solid #BFBFBF;
mso-border-insidev-themecolor:background1;
mso-border-insidev-themeshade:191;
mso-para-margin:0in;
mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt;
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";}
table.MsoTable15Plain1FirstRow
{mso-style-name:"Plain Table 1";
mso-table-condition:first-row;
mso-style-priority:41;
mso-style-unhide:no;
mso-ansi-font-weight:bold;
mso-bidi-font-weight:bold;}
table.MsoTable15Plain1LastRow
{mso-style-name:"Plain Table 1";
mso-table-condition:last-row;
mso-style-priority:41;
mso-style-unhide:no;
mso-tstyle-border-top:1.5pt double #BFBFBF;
mso-tstyle-border-top-themecolor:background1;
mso-tstyle-border-top-themeshade:191;
mso-ansi-font-weight:bold;
mso-bidi-font-weight:bold;}
table.MsoTable15Plain1FirstCol
{mso-style-name:"Plain Table 1";
mso-table-condition:first-column;
mso-style-priority:41;
mso-style-unhide:no;
mso-ansi-font-weight:bold;
mso-bidi-font-weight:bold;}
table.MsoTable15Plain1LastCol
{mso-style-name:"Plain Table 1";
mso-table-condition:last-column;
mso-style-priority:41;
mso-style-unhide:no;
mso-ansi-font-weight:bold;
mso-bidi-font-weight:bold;}
table.MsoTable15Plain1OddColumn
{mso-style-name:"Plain Table 1";
mso-table-condition:odd-column;
mso-style-priority:41;
mso-style-unhide:no;
mso-tstyle-shading:#F2F2F2;
mso-tstyle-shading-themecolor:background1;
mso-tstyle-shading-themeshade:242;}
table.MsoTable15Plain1OddRow
{mso-style-name:"Plain Table 1";
mso-table-condition:odd-row;
mso-style-priority:41;
mso-style-unhide:no;
mso-tstyle-shading:#F2F2F2;
mso-tstyle-shading-themecolor:background1;
mso-tstyle-shading-themeshade:242;}
table.MsoTableGridLight
{mso-style-name:"Table Grid Light";
mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;
mso-tstyle-colband-size:0;
mso-style-priority:40;
mso-style-unhide:no;
border:solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt;
mso-border-themecolor:background1;
mso-border-themeshade:191;
mso-border-alt:solid #BFBFBF .5pt;
mso-border-themecolor:background1;
mso-border-themeshade:191;
mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;
mso-border-insideh:.5pt solid #BFBFBF;
mso-border-insideh-themecolor:background1;
mso-border-insideh-themeshade:191;
mso-border-insidev:.5pt solid #BFBFBF;
mso-border-insidev-themecolor:background1;
mso-border-insidev-themeshade:191;
mso-para-margin:0in;
mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt;
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";}
table.MsoTable15Grid1Light
{mso-style-name:"Grid Table 1 Light";
mso-tstyle-rowband-size:1;
mso-tstyle-colband-size:1;
mso-style-priority:46;
mso-style-unhide:no;
border:solid #999999 1.0pt;
mso-border-themecolor:text1;
mso-border-themetint:102;
mso-border-alt:solid #999999 .5pt;
mso-border-themecolor:text1;
mso-border-themetint:102;
mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;
mso-border-insideh:.5pt solid #999999;
mso-border-insideh-themecolor:text1;
mso-border-insideh-themetint:102;
mso-border-insidev:.5pt solid #999999;
mso-border-insidev-themecolor:text1;
mso-border-insidev-themetint:102;
mso-para-margin:0in;
mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt;
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";}
table.MsoTable15Grid1LightFirstRow
{mso-style-name:"Grid Table 1 Light";
mso-table-condition:first-row;
mso-style-priority:46;
mso-style-unhide:no;
mso-tstyle-border-bottom:1.5pt solid #666666;
mso-tstyle-border-bottom-themecolor:text1;
mso-tstyle-border-bottom-themetint:153;
mso-ansi-font-weight:bold;
mso-bidi-font-weight:bold;}
table.MsoTable15Grid1LightLastRow
{mso-style-name:"Grid Table 1 Light";
mso-table-condition:last-row;
mso-style-priority:46;
mso-style-unhide:no;
mso-tstyle-border-top:.75pt double #666666;
mso-tstyle-border-top-themecolor:text1;
mso-tstyle-border-top-themetint:153;
mso-ansi-font-weight:bold;
mso-bidi-font-weight:bold;}
table.MsoTable15Grid1LightFirstCol
{mso-style-name:"Grid Table 1 Light";
mso-table-condition:first-column;
mso-style-priority:46;
mso-style-unhide:no;
mso-ansi-font-weight:bold;
mso-bidi-font-weight:bold;}
table.MsoTable15Grid1LightLastCol
{mso-style-name:"Grid Table 1 Light";
mso-table-condition:last-column;
mso-style-priority:46;
mso-style-unhide:no;
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
<div align="right" class="MsoTitle" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc523878296;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc521978636;"><span style="font-size: 20.0pt;">Mobile Farming APP</span></span></span></div>
<div style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-element: para-border-div; padding: 0in 0in 1.0pt 0in;">
<div align="right" class="MsoTitle" style="border: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 0in 0in 1.0pt 0in; padding: 0in; text-align: right;">
<span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc523878296;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc521978636;"></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc523878296;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc521978636;"><span style="font-size: 20.0pt;">Risk Management Plan</span></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc523878296;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc521978636;"><span style="font-size: 20.0pt;"></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc523878296;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc521978636;">Version Number: 1.1<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="color: blue;"></span></i></span></span></div>
<div class="StyleSubtitleCover2TopNoborder">
<span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc523878296;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc521978636;">Version Date: <span style="color: blue;">12/May/2015</span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 14.0pt;"><br clear="all" style="mso-break-type: section-break; page-break-before: always;" />
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<div class="MsoTitle" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc523878296;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc521978636;">VERSION HISTORY</span></span></div>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-insideh: .5pt solid windowtext; mso-border-insidev: .5pt solid windowtext; mso-padding-alt: 0in .7pt 0in .7pt; mso-table-layout-alt: fixed; width: 620px;">
<tbody>
<tr style="height: 21.65pt; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;">
<td style="background: #D9D9D9; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 21.65pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in .7pt 0in .7pt; width: 45.7pt;" valign="top" width="61">
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<span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc523878296;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc521978636;"><b><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Version<br />
Number</span></b></span></span></div>
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<td style="background: #D9D9D9; border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 21.65pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in .7pt 0in .7pt; width: 1.0in;" valign="top" width="96">
<div align="center" class="tabletxt" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc523878296;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc521978636;"><b><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Implemented</span></b></span></span></div>
<div align="center" class="tabletxt" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc523878296;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc521978636;"><b><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">By</span></b></span></span></div>
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<td style="background: #D9D9D9; border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 21.65pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in .7pt 0in .7pt; width: 63.0pt;" valign="top" width="84">
<div align="center" class="tabletxt" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc523878296;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc521978636;"><b><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Revision</span></b></span></span></div>
<div align="center" class="tabletxt" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc523878296;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc521978636;"><b><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Date</span></b></span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #D9D9D9; border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 21.65pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in .7pt 0in .7pt; width: 83.9pt;" valign="top" width="112">
<div align="center" class="tabletxt" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc523878296;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc521978636;"><b><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Approved</span></b></span></span></div>
<div align="center" class="tabletxt" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc523878296;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc521978636;"><b><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">By</span></b></span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #D9D9D9; border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 21.65pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in .7pt 0in .7pt; width: 60.1pt;" valign="top" width="80">
<div align="center" class="tabletxt" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc523878296;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc521978636;"><b><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Approval</span></b></span></span></div>
<div align="center" class="tabletxt" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc523878296;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc521978636;"><b><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Date</span></b></span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #D9D9D9; border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 21.65pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in .7pt 0in .7pt; width: 1.95in;" valign="top" width="187">
<div align="center" class="tabletxt" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc523878296;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc521978636;"><b><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Description of<br />
Change</span></b></span></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 3.5pt; mso-yfti-irow: 1;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 3.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in .7pt 0in .7pt; width: 45.7pt;" valign="top" width="61">
<div align="center" class="Tabletext" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc523878296;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc521978636;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">1.0</span></span></span></div>
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<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 3.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in .7pt 0in .7pt; width: 1.0in;" valign="top" width="96">
<div class="Tabletext">
<span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc523878296;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc521978636;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">CreatedRoom
Dev.</span></span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 3.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in .7pt 0in .7pt; width: 63.0pt;" valign="top" width="84">
<div class="Tabletext">
<span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc523878296;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc521978636;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">10/May/2015</span></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc523878296;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc521978636;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"></span></span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 3.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in .7pt 0in .7pt; width: 83.9pt;" valign="top" width="112">
<div class="Tabletext">
<span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc523878296;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc521978636;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Andrianto</span></i></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc523878296;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc521978636;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"></span></span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 3.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in .7pt 0in .7pt; width: 60.1pt;" valign="top" width="80">
<div align="center" class="Tabletext" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc523878296;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc521978636;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">12/May/2015</span></i></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc523878296;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc521978636;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"></span></span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 3.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in .7pt 0in .7pt; width: 1.95in;" valign="top" width="187">
<div class="Tabletext">
<span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc523878296;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc521978636;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">-</span></i></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc523878296;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc521978636;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"></span></span></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 12.4pt; mso-yfti-irow: 2;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 12.4pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in .7pt 0in .7pt; width: 45.7pt;" valign="top" width="61">
<div align="center" class="Tabletext" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc523878296;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc521978636;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">1.1</span></span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 12.4pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in .7pt 0in .7pt; width: 1.0in;" valign="top" width="96">
<div class="Tabletext">
<span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc523878296;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc521978636;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">CreatedRoom
Dev.</span></span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 12.4pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in .7pt 0in .7pt; width: 63.0pt;" valign="top" width="84">
<div class="Tabletext">
<span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc523878296;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc521978636;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">18/May/2015</span></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc523878296;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc521978636;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"></span></span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 12.4pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in .7pt 0in .7pt; width: 83.9pt;" valign="top" width="112">
<div class="Tabletext">
<span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc523878296;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc521978636;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Andrianto</span></i></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc523878296;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc521978636;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"></span></span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 12.4pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in .7pt 0in .7pt; width: 60.1pt;" valign="top" width="80">
<div align="center" class="Tabletext" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc523878296;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc521978636;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">18/May/2015</span></i></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc523878296;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc521978636;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"></span></span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 12.4pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in .7pt 0in .7pt; width: 1.95in;" valign="top" width="187">
<div align="center" class="Tabletext" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc523878296;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc521978636;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Penambahan Risk – risk yang
sebelumnya belum dicantumkan.</span></span></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 12.4pt; mso-yfti-irow: 3; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 12.4pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in .7pt 0in .7pt; width: 45.7pt;" valign="top" width="61"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc523878296;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc521978636;"></span></span>
<div align="center" class="Tabletext" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 12.4pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in .7pt 0in .7pt; width: 1.0in;" valign="top" width="96"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc523878296;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc521978636;"></span></span>
<div class="Tabletext">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 12.4pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in .7pt 0in .7pt; width: 63.0pt;" valign="top" width="84"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc523878296;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc521978636;"></span></span>
<div align="center" class="Tabletext" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 12.4pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in .7pt 0in .7pt; width: 83.9pt;" valign="top" width="112"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc523878296;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc521978636;"></span></span>
<div align="center" class="Tabletext" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 12.4pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in .7pt 0in .7pt; width: 60.1pt;" valign="top" width="80"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc523878296;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc521978636;"></span></span>
<div align="center" class="Tabletext" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 12.4pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in .7pt 0in .7pt; width: 1.95in;" valign="top" width="187"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc523878296;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc521978636;"></span></span>
<div align="center" class="Tabletext" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc523878296;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc521978636;"></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc523878296;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc521978636;"></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc523878296;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc521978636;"></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc523878296;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc521978636;"></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc523878296;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc521978636;"></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc523878296;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc521978636;"></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc523878296;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc521978636;"></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc523878296;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc521978636;"></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc523878296;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc521978636;"></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc523878296;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc521978636;"></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc523878296;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc521978636;"></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc523878296;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc521978636;"></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc523878296;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc521978636;"></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc523878296;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc521978636;"></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc523878296;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc521978636;"></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc523878296;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc521978636;"></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc523878296;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc521978636;"></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc523878296;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc521978636;"></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc523878296;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc521978636;"></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc523878296;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc521978636;"></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc523878296;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc521978636;"></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc523878296;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc521978636;"></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc523878296;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc521978636;"></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc523878296;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc521978636;"></span></span>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; text-transform: uppercase;"><br clear="all" style="page-break-before: always;" />
</span></b>
<div class="MsoTitle">
<span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc523878296;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc521978636;">TABLE OF CONTENTS</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoToc1">
<span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc523878296;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc521978636;"></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc523878296;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc521978636;"></span></span><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=2068584858024834626#_Toc419219372"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc523878296;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc521978636;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">1.0</span></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc523878296;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc521978636;"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; font-weight: normal; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; text-decoration: none; text-transform: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc523878296;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc521978636;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">INTRODUCTION</span></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc523878296;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc521978636;"><span style="color: windowtext; display: none; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-hide: screen; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1 dotted;">.. </span></span></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc523878296;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc521978636;"><span style="color: windowtext; display: none; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-hide: screen; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">4</span></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc523878296;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc521978636;"></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc523878296;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc521978636;"></span></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc523878296;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc521978636;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; font-weight: normal; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; text-transform: none;"></span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoToc2">
<span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc523878296;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc521978636;"></span></span><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=2068584858024834626#_Toc419219373"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc523878296;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc521978636;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">1.1</span></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc523878296;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc521978636;"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc523878296;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc521978636;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">Purpose Of The Risk
Management Plan</span></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc523878296;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc521978636;"><span style="color: windowtext; display: none; mso-hide: screen; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1 dotted;">. </span></span></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc523878296;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc521978636;"><span style="color: windowtext; display: none; mso-hide: screen; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">4</span></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc523878296;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc521978636;"></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc523878296;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc521978636;"></span></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc523878296;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc521978636;"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;"></span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoToc1">
<span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc523878296;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc521978636;"></span></span><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=2068584858024834626#_Toc419219374"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc523878296;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc521978636;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">2.0</span></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc523878296;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc521978636;"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; font-weight: normal; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; text-decoration: none; text-transform: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc523878296;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc521978636;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">risk
management Procedure</span></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc523878296;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc521978636;"><span style="color: windowtext; display: none; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-hide: screen; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1 dotted;">.. </span></span></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc523878296;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc521978636;"><span style="color: windowtext; display: none; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-hide: screen; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">4</span></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc523878296;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc521978636;"></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc523878296;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc521978636;"></span></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc523878296;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc521978636;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; font-weight: normal; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; text-transform: none;"></span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoToc2">
<span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc523878296;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc521978636;"></span></span><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=2068584858024834626#_Toc419219375"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc523878296;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc521978636;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">2.1</span></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc523878296;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc521978636;"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc523878296;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc521978636;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">Process</span></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc523878296;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc521978636;"><span style="color: windowtext; display: none; mso-hide: screen; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1 dotted;">. </span></span></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc523878296;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc521978636;"><span style="color: windowtext; display: none; mso-hide: screen; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">4</span></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc523878296;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc521978636;"></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc523878296;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc521978636;"></span></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc523878296;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc521978636;"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;"></span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoToc2">
<span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc523878296;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc521978636;"></span></span><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=2068584858024834626#_Toc419219376"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc523878296;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc521978636;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">2.2</span></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc523878296;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc521978636;"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc523878296;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc521978636;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES</span></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc523878296;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc521978636;"><span style="color: windowtext; display: none; mso-hide: screen; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1 dotted;">. </span></span></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc523878296;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc521978636;"><span style="color: windowtext; display: none; mso-hide: screen; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">5</span></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc523878296;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc521978636;"></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc523878296;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc521978636;"></span></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc523878296;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc521978636;"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;"></span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoToc2">
<span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc523878296;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc521978636;"></span></span><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=2068584858024834626#_Toc419219377"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc523878296;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc521978636;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">2.3</span></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc523878296;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc521978636;"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc523878296;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc521978636;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">Risk Identification</span></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc523878296;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc521978636;"><span style="color: windowtext; display: none; mso-hide: screen; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1 dotted;">. </span></span></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc523878296;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc521978636;"><span style="color: windowtext; display: none; mso-hide: screen; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">5</span></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc523878296;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc521978636;"></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc523878296;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc521978636;"></span></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc523878296;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc521978636;"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;"></span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoToc3">
<span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc523878296;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc521978636;"></span></span><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=2068584858024834626#_Toc419219378"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc523878296;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc521978636;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">2.3.1</span></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc523878296;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc521978636;"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc523878296;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc521978636;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">Methods for Risk Identification</span></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc523878296;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc521978636;"><span style="color: windowtext; display: none; mso-hide: screen; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1 dotted;">. </span></span></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc523878296;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc521978636;"><span style="color: windowtext; display: none; mso-hide: screen; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">5</span></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc523878296;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc521978636;"></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc523878296;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc521978636;"></span></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc523878296;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc521978636;"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;"></span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoToc2">
<span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc523878296;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc521978636;"></span></span><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=2068584858024834626#_Toc419219379"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc523878296;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc521978636;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">2.4</span></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc523878296;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc521978636;"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc523878296;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc521978636;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">Risk Analysis</span></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc523878296;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc521978636;"><span style="color: windowtext; display: none; mso-hide: screen; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1 dotted;">. </span></span></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc523878296;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc521978636;"><span style="color: windowtext; display: none; mso-hide: screen; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">6</span></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc523878296;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc521978636;"></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc523878296;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc521978636;"></span></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc523878296;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc521978636;"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;"></span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoToc3">
<span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc523878296;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc521978636;"></span></span><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=2068584858024834626#_Toc419219380"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc523878296;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc521978636;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">2.4.1</span></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc523878296;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc521978636;"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc523878296;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc521978636;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">Qualitative Risk Analysis</span></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc523878296;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc521978636;"><span style="color: windowtext; display: none; mso-hide: screen; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1 dotted;">. </span></span></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc523878296;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc521978636;"><span style="color: windowtext; display: none; mso-hide: screen; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">6</span></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc523878296;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc521978636;"></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc523878296;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc521978636;"></span></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc523878296;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc521978636;"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;"></span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoToc3">
<span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc523878296;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc521978636;"></span></span><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=2068584858024834626#_Toc419219381"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc523878296;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc521978636;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">2.4.2</span></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc523878296;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc521978636;"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc523878296;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc521978636;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">Quantitative Risk Analysis</span></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc523878296;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc521978636;"><span style="color: windowtext; display: none; mso-hide: screen; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1 dotted;">. </span></span></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc523878296;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc521978636;"><span style="color: windowtext; display: none; mso-hide: screen; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">6</span></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc523878296;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc521978636;"></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc523878296;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc521978636;"></span></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc523878296;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc521978636;"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;"></span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoToc2">
<span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc523878296;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc521978636;"></span></span><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=2068584858024834626#_Toc419219382"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc523878296;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc521978636;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">2.5</span></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc523878296;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc521978636;"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc523878296;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc521978636;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">Risk Response Planning</span></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc523878296;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc521978636;"><span style="color: windowtext; display: none; mso-hide: screen; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1 dotted;">. </span></span></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc523878296;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc521978636;"><span style="color: windowtext; display: none; mso-hide: screen; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">6</span></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc523878296;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc521978636;"></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc523878296;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc521978636;"></span></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc523878296;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc521978636;"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;"></span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoToc2">
<span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc523878296;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc521978636;"></span></span><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=2068584858024834626#_Toc419219383"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc523878296;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc521978636;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">2.6</span></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc523878296;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc521978636;"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc523878296;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc521978636;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">Risk Monitoring,
Controlling, And Reporting</span></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc523878296;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc521978636;"><span style="color: windowtext; display: none; mso-hide: screen; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1 dotted;">. </span></span></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc523878296;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc521978636;"><span style="color: windowtext; display: none; mso-hide: screen; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">7</span></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc523878296;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc521978636;"></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc523878296;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc521978636;"></span></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc523878296;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc521978636;"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;"></span></span></span></div>
<h1 style="margin-left: -.05in; mso-list: none; tab-stops: .5in; text-indent: 0in;">
<span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc523878296;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc521978636;"></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc523878296;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc521978636;"></span></span><a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="_Toc452813577"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="_Toc436203377"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="_Toc523878297"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="_Toc206396662"></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc521978636;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc452813577;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc436203377;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc523878297;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-no-proof: yes;"> </span></span></span></span></span></h1>
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt; mso-no-proof: yes; text-transform: uppercase;"><br clear="all" style="page-break-before: always;" />
</span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc523878297;"></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc436203377;"></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc452813577;"></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc521978636;"></span></b>
<h1 style="mso-list: l18 level1 lfo19;">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="_Toc106079533"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="_Toc419219372"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="_Toc148928075"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="_Toc107198556"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="_Toc104887695"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="_Toc104887533"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc104887695;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc107198556;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc148928075;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc419219372;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc106079533;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.0<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">INTRODUCTION</span></span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc106079533;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"></span></span></h1>
<h2 style="margin-left: .65in; mso-list: l23 level2 lfo13; tab-stops: list .35in; text-indent: -.65in;">
<span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc106079533;"><a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="_Toc419219373"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="_Toc148928076"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="_Toc107198557"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="_Toc104887696"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="_Toc104887534"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc104887696;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc107198557;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc148928076;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc419219373;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.1<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Purpose
Of The </span></span></span></span></span></a></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc106079533;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc107198557;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc148928076;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc419219373;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Risk Management Plan</span></span></span></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc106079533;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></span></h2>
<div class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .4in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">
<span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc106079533;"><span class="hps"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Risiko</span></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc106079533;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"> <span class="hps">adalah</span> <span class="hps">suatu peristiwa atau</span> <span class="hps">kondisi itu,</span> <span class="hps">jika terjadi</span>, <span class="hps">bisa</span> <span class="hps">berdampak positif</span> <span class="hps">atau
negatif</span> <span class="hps">pada tujuan</span> <span class="hps">proyek.</span>
<span class="hps">Manajemen</span> <span class="hps">risiko adalah</span> <span class="hps">proses identifikasi</span>, <span class="hps">mengkaji</span>, <span class="hps">menanggapi</span>, <span class="hps">pengawasan dan pengendalian</span>,
<span class="hps">serta pelaporan</span> <span class="hps">risiko</span>. <span class="hps">Rencana</span> <span class="hps">Manajemen Risiko</span> <span class="hps">ini</span> <span class="hps">mendefinisikan bagaimana</span> <span class="hps">risiko yang terkait</span> <span class="hps">dengan</span></span><span class="hps"><span lang="IN"> </span></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc106079533;"><span class="hps"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Proyek</span></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc106079533;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">
Mobile Farming App <span class="hps">akan diidentifikasi</span>, <span class="hps">dianalisis</span>,
<span class="hps">dan</span> <span class="hps">dikelola</span>. </span><span class="hps">Dokumen ini</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc106079533;"><span class="hps"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"> memaparkan</span></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc106079533;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"> <span class="hps">bagaimana</span> <span class="hps">aktivitas manajemen risiko</span> <span class="hps">akan dilakukan</span>, <span class="hps">dicatat</span>, <span class="hps">dan dipantau</span> <span class="hps">di seluruh siklus hidup</span> <span class="hps">proyek dan</span> <span class="hps">menyediakan template</span> <span class="hps">dan praktek</span> <span class="hps">untuk merekam</span> <span class="hps">dan</span> <span class="hps">memprioritaskan</span> <span class="hps">risiko</span>
<span class="hps">oleh </span></span><span class="hps">Risk Manager</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc106079533;"><span class="hps"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"> dan</span></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc106079533;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"> <span class="hps">/</span>
<span class="hps">atau</span> </span><span class="hps">Risk Management Team</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc106079533;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .4in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .4in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">
<span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc106079533;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Risiko yang berkaitan dengan sistem IT atau
aplikasi harus diidentifikasi dan </span>d</span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc106079533;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">idokumentasikan berdasarkan
metodologi dalam NIST SP 800-30, Risk Management Guide for Information
Technology Systems</span>. Kelemahan sistem </span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc106079533;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">IT atau aplikasi harus
diidentifikasi pada rencana terkait </span>action dan milestone</span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc106079533;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"> <span lang="IN">(POA & M) dan dilacak sesuai dengan</span></span> pedoman</span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc106079533;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"> <span lang="IN">HHS POA & M. Tindakan perlindungan yang tepat harus diambil untuk menjaga
sistem TI yang sensitif atau kelemahan aplikasi atau kerentanan dari pengungkapan
yang </span></span>tanpa izin</span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc106079533;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<h1 style="mso-list: l18 level1 lfo16;">
<span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc106079533;"><a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="_Toc419219374"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="_Toc148928077"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="_Toc107198561"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="_Toc107198558"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="_Toc107198559"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="_Toc95023611"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="_Toc95033007"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="_Toc95033138"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="_Toc94000113"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="_Toc94000451"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="_Toc94000536"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="_Toc94000784"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="_Toc94000896"></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc419219374;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc148928077;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc107198561;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.0<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc419219374;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc148928077;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc107198561;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">risk
management </span></span></span></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc106079533;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc419219374;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc148928077;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Procedure</span></span></span><a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="_Toc107198562"></a></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc106079533;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc107198562;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"></span></span></span></h1>
<h2 style="margin-left: .65in; mso-list: l20 level2 lfo14; tab-stops: list .35in; text-indent: -.65in;">
<span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc106079533;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc107198562;"><a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="_Toc419219375"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="_Toc148928078"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc419219375;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.1<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Process</span></span></a></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc106079533;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc107198562;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></span></span></h2>
<div class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .4in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">
<span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc106079533;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc107198562;"><span class="hps"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Manajer proyek</span></span></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc106079533;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc107198562;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"> <span class="hps">bekerja sama dengan</span>
<span class="hps">tim proyek</span> <span class="hps">dan</span> <span class="hps">sponsor
proyek</span> <span class="hps">akan</span> <span class="hps">memastikan bahwa
risiko</span> <span class="hps">diidentifikasi</span></span><span class="hps"><span lang="IN"> </span></span></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc106079533;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc107198562;"><span class="hps"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">secara aktif</span></span></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc106079533;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc107198562;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">, <span class="hps">dianalisis</span>, <span class="hps">dan dikelola</span> <span class="hps">sepanjang hidup</span> <span class="hps">proyek</span>. <span class="hps">Risiko</span> <span class="hps">akan diidentifikasi</span>
<span class="hps">sedini mungkin</span> <span class="hps">dalam proyek</span> <span class="hps">sehingga dapat meminimalkan</span> <span class="hps">dampaknya</span>. <span class="hps">Langkah-langkah</span> <span class="hps">untuk mencapai ini</span> <span class="hps">diuraikan</span> <span class="hps">dalam bagian</span> <span class="hps">berikut</span>.
</span><span class="hps">Manajer proyek</span></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc106079533;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc107198562;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"> <span class="hps"><span lang="IN">akan berfungsi
sebagai</span></span><span lang="IN"> <span class="hps">Risk</span> <span class="hps">Manager untuk</span> <span class="hps">proyek ini</span></span></span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .4in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .4in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">
<span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc106079533;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc107198562;"><span class="hps"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Perbedaan</span></span></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc106079533;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc107198562;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"> <span class="hps">mungkin</span> <span class="hps">perlu dibuat</span> <span class="hps">antara manajemen</span> <span class="hps">risiko proyek</span> <span class="hps">secara keseluruhan dan</span> </span><span class="hps">sistem IT</span></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc106079533;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc107198562;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"> <span class="hps"><span lang="IN">atau </span></span></span><span class="hps">application
risk management</span></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc106079533;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc107198562;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">.
<span class="hps">Risiko yang berkaitan dengan</span> <span class="hps">sistem</span>
<span class="hps">IT</span> <span class="hps">atau aplikasi</span> <span class="hps">harus
diidentifikasi</span> <span class="hps">dan didokumentasikan</span> <span class="hps">berdasarkan</span> <span class="hps">metodologi</span> <span class="hps">dalam</span>
<span class="hps">NIST</span> <span class="hps">SP</span> <span class="hps">800-30</span>,
</span>Risk Management Guide for Information Technology Systems.</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc106079533;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc107198562;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"></span></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><br clear="all" style="mso-special-character: line-break; page-break-before: always;" />
</span>
<div class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<h2 style="margin-left: .65in; mso-list: l10 level2 lfo17; tab-stops: list .35in; text-indent: -.65in;">
<span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc106079533;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc107198562;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc148928079;"><a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="_Toc419219376"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.2<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ROLES
AND RESPONSIBILITIES</span></a></span></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc106079533;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc107198562;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc148928079;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></span></span></span></h2>
<div class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="margin-left: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoCaption">
<span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc106079533;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc107198562;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc148928079;">Table
</span></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc106079533;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc107198562;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc148928079;"><span style="mso-no-proof: yes;">1</span></span></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc106079533;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc107198562;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc148928079;">
Peran dan Tanggung Jawab</span></span></span></div>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; margin-left: 23.4pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-insideh: .5pt solid windowtext; mso-border-insidev: .5pt solid windowtext; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 600px;">
<tbody>
<tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0; page-break-inside: avoid;">
<td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 117.0pt;" valign="top" width="156">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc106079533;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc107198562;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc148928079;"><b><span style="color: black;">Role</span></b></span></span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 333.0pt;" valign="top" width="444">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc106079533;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc107198562;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc148928079;"><b><span style="color: black;">Responsibilities</span></b></span></span></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 1; page-break-inside: avoid;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 117.0pt;" valign="top" width="156">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc106079533;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc107198562;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc148928079;"><span style="color: black;">Risk Manager atau Project Manager (PM)</span></span></span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 333.0pt;" valign="top" width="444">
<div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: left;">
<span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc106079533;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc107198562;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc148928079;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Risiko Manager atau PM adalah anggota dari
Tim Proyek Terpadu (IPT). Risiko Manager atau PM menentukan apakah risiko </span>yang
terjadi itu</span></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc106079533;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc107198562;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc148928079;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"> unik, mengidentifikasi risiko</span>
yang mungkin</span></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc106079533;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc107198562;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc148928079;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"> <span lang="IN">saling ketergantungan di seluruh
proyek, memverifikasi jika</span></span> suatu</span></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc106079533;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc107198562;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc148928079;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"> <span lang="IN">risiko</span></span> bersifat</span></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc106079533;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc107198562;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc148928079;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"> <span lang="IN">internal atau eksternal untuk proyek, memberikan klasifikasi risiko
dan nomor pelacakan. Selama hidup proyek, mereka terus memantau proyek-proyek
untuk potensi risiko.</span></span></span></span></span></div>
<span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc106079533;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc107198562;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc148928079;"></span></span></span>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
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<span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc106079533;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc107198562;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc148928079;"><span style="color: black;">Integrated Project Team </span></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc106079533;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc107198562;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc148928079;"><span class="hps"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">IPT</span></span></span></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc106079533;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc107198562;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc148928079;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"> <span class="hps">bertanggung jawab untuk</span> <span class="hps">mengidentifikasi</span>
<span class="hps">risiko</span>, <span class="hps">dependensi</span> <span class="hps">risiko</span> <span class="hps">dalam proyek</span>, <span class="hps">konteks</span>
<span class="hps">dan</span> <span class="hps">konsekuensi dari</span> <span class="hps">risiko</span>. <span class="hps">Mereka</span> <span class="hps">juga
bertanggung jawab</span> <span class="hps">untuk menentukan</span> <span class="hps">dampak</span>, <span class="hps">waktu</span>, <span class="hps">dan</span>
<span class="hps">prioritas</span> <span class="hps">risiko</span> <span class="hps">serta</span> <span class="hps">merumuskan</span> <span class="hps">laporan</span>
<span class="hps">risiko</span>.</span><span style="color: black;"></span></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc106079533;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc107198562;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc148928079;"><span style="color: black;">Pemilik Resiko</span></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc106079533;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc107198562;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc148928079;"><span class="hps"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Pemilik</span></span></span></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc106079533;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc107198562;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc148928079;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"> <span class="hps">risiko</span> <span class="hps">menentukan</span> <span class="hps">risiko</span></span><span class="hps"> mana yang</span></span></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc106079533;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc107198562;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc148928079;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"> <span class="hps"><span lang="IN">memerlukan</span></span><span lang="IN"> <span class="hps">rencana</span> <span class="hps">mitigasi</span> <span class="hps">dan</span>
<span class="hps">contingency</span>, <span class="hps">dia</span> <span class="hps">menghasilkan</span> <span class="hps">strategi</span> <span class="hps">mitigasi dan</span> <span class="hps">contingency</span> <span class="hps">risiko dan</span> <span class="hps">melakukan</span> <span class="hps">analisis</span></span></span><span class="hps"><span lang="IN"> </span></span></span></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc106079533;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc107198562;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc148928079;"><span class="hps"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">manfaat</span></span></span></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc106079533;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc107198562;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc148928079;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"> <span class="hps">biaya dari</span> <span class="hps">strategi</span> <span class="hps">yang diusulkan</span>. <span class="hps">Pemilik</span> <span class="hps">Risiko</span> <span class="hps">bertanggung jawab untuk memantau</span>
<span class="hps">dan mengendalikan</span> <span class="hps">dan</span> <span class="hps">memperbarui</span> <span class="hps">status</span> <span class="hps">risiko</span>
<span class="hps">di seluruh</span> <span class="hps">siklus hidup</span> <span class="hps">proyek</span>. <span class="hps">Pemilik</span> <span class="hps">risiko
dapat</span> <span class="hps">menjadi anggota</span> <span class="hps">tim
proyek</span>.</span><span style="color: black;"></span></span></span></span></div>
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</tbody></table>
<span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc106079533;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc107198562;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc148928079;"></span></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc106079533;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc107198562;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc148928079;"></span></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc106079533;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc107198562;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc148928079;"></span></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc106079533;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc107198562;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc148928079;"></span></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc106079533;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc107198562;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc148928079;"></span></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc106079533;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc107198562;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc148928079;"></span></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc106079533;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc107198562;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc148928079;"></span></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc106079533;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc107198562;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc148928079;"></span></span></span>
<h2 style="margin-left: .65in; mso-list: l15 level2 lfo15; tab-stops: list .35in; text-indent: -.65in;">
<span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc106079533;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc107198562;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc148928079;"><a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="_Toc419219377"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.3<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Risk
Identification</span></a></span></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc106079533;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></span></h2>
<div class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 27.35pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">
<span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc106079533;"><span class="hps"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Identifikasi risiko</span></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc106079533;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"> <span class="hps">akan melibatkan</span> <span class="hps">tim proyek</span>, <span class="hps">stakeholder</span> <span class="hps">yang tepat,</span> <span class="hps">dan akan mencakup</span> <span class="hps">evaluasi</span> <span class="hps">dari</span> <span class="hps">faktor lingkungan</span>, <span class="hps">budaya organisasi</span> <span class="hps">dan rencana</span> <span class="hps">manajemen proyek</span> <span class="hps">termasuk</span> <span class="hps">ruang lingkup proyek</span>, <span class="hps">jadwal</span>, <span class="hps">biaya</span>, <span class="hps">atau kualitas</span>. <span class="hps">Perhatian</span>
<span class="hps">akan diberikan kepada</span> <span class="hps">deliverable proyek</span>,
<span class="hps">asumsi</span>, <span class="hps">kendala</span>, <span class="hps">WBS</span>,
<span class="hps">perkiraan biaya</span> <span class="hps">/</span> <span class="hps">usaha,</span> <span class="hps">rencana sumber daya</span>, <span class="hps">dan dokumen-dokumen</span> <span class="hps">proyek utama</span> <span class="hps">lainnya</span>.</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc106079533;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></span></div>
<h3 style="margin-left: .45in; mso-list: l10 level3 lfo17; tab-stops: list .45in left .6in; text-indent: -.4in;">
<span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc106079533;"><a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="_Toc419219378"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.3.1<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Methods
for Risk Identification</span></a></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc106079533;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></span></h3>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .45in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">
<span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc106079533;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Metode berikut akan digunakan untuk
membantu dalam identifikasi risiko yang terkait dengan </span>Proyek Mobile
Farming App.</span></div>
<div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.05in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l16 level1 lfo8; tab-stops: 27.0pt list 63.0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -30.6pt;">
<span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc106079533;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span>Brainstorming</span></div>
<div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.05in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l16 level1 lfo8; tab-stops: 27.0pt list 63.0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -30.6pt;">
<span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc106079533;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span>Interviewing</span></div>
<div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.05in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l16 level1 lfo8; tab-stops: 27.0pt list 63.0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -30.6pt;">
<span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc106079533;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span>SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and
Threats)</span></div>
<div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.05in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l16 level1 lfo8; tab-stops: 27.0pt list 63.0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -30.6pt;">
<span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc106079533;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span>Diagramming</span></div>
<div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.05in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l16 level1 lfo8; tab-stops: 27.0pt list 63.0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -30.6pt;">
<span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc106079533;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span>Dll.</span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 27.35pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 27.35pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">
<span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc106079533;"><span class="hps"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Sebuah</span></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc106079533;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"> <span class="hps">Risiko</span> <span class="hps">Manajemen</span> <span class="hps">Log</span>
<span class="hps">akan dibuat dan</span> <span class="hps">diperbarui jika
diperlukan</span> <span class="hps">dan</span> <span class="hps">akan disimpan</span>
<span class="hps">secara elektronik</span> <span class="hps">di </span></span><span class="hps">perangkat PC milik proyek manager.</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc106079533;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></span></div>
<h2 style="margin-left: .65in; mso-list: l15 level2 lfo15; tab-stops: list .35in; text-indent: -.65in;">
<span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc106079533;"><a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="_Toc419219379"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="_Toc148928080"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="_Toc107198563"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc148928080;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc419219379;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.4<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Risk
A</span></span></span></a></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc106079533;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc148928080;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc419219379;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">nalysis</span></span></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc106079533;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></span></h2>
<div class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-left: 27.0pt;">
<span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc106079533;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">All
risks identified will be assessed to identify the range of possible project
outcomes.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Risks will be prioritized by
their level of importance.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-left: 27.0pt;">
<span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc106079533;"><span class="hps"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Semua</span></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc106079533;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"> <span class="hps">risiko yang teridentifikasi</span> <span class="hps">akan dinilai</span>
<span class="hps">untuk mengidentifikasi</span> <span class="hps">berbagai
kemungkinan </span></span><span class="hps">yang akan terjadi dalam proyek</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc106079533;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">.
<span class="hps">Risiko</span> <span class="hps">akan diprioritaskan</span> <span class="hps">oleh</span> <span class="hps">tingkat pentingnya</span>.</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc106079533;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span></span></span></div>
<h3 style="margin-left: .55in; mso-list: l22 level3 lfo18; tab-stops: list .5in left .6in; text-indent: -.5in;">
<span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc106079533;"><a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="_Toc107198565"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="_Toc419219380"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="_Toc148928081"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc419219380;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc107198565;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.4.1<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Qualitative
Risk Analysis</span></span></span></a></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc106079533;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc107198565;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></span></span></h3>
<div class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 27.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">
<span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc106079533;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc107198565;"><span class="hps"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Probabilitas</span></span></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc106079533;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc107198565;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"> <span class="hps">dan dampak dari</span> <span class="hps">kejadian</span> <span class="hps">untuk setiap</span> <span class="hps">risiko
yang diidentifikasi</span> <span class="hps">akan dinilai</span> <span class="hps">oleh
manajer proyek</span>, <span class="hps">dengan masukan dari</span> <span class="hps">tim proyek</span> <span class="hps">menggunakan</span> <span class="hps">pendekatan
sebagai berikut</span>:</span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 27.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 27.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">
<span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc106079533;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc107198565;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Probability</b></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 37.8pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: list 27.0pt; text-indent: -.15in;">
<span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc106079533;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc107198565;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span>High – Lebih besar dari <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="color: blue;">70%</span></i> </span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc106079533;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc107198565;"><span class="hps"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">probabilitas </span>kejadian.</span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 37.8pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: list 27.0pt; text-indent: -.15in;">
<span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc106079533;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc107198565;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span>Medium – Antara <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="color: blue;">30%</span></i> dan <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="color: blue;">70%</span></i> </span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc106079533;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc107198565;"><span class="hps"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">probabilitas </span>kejadian.</span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 37.8pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: list 27.0pt; text-indent: -.15in;">
<span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc106079533;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc107198565;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span>Low – Lebih kecil dari <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="color: blue;">30%</span></i> </span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc106079533;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc107198565;"><span class="hps"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">probabilitas </span>kejadian.</span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 27.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 27.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">
<span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc106079533;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc107198565;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Impact</b></span></span></div>
<table align="right" border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; margin-left: 6.75pt; margin-right: 6.75pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-table-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-table-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-table-left: right; mso-table-lspace: 9.0pt; mso-table-rspace: 9.0pt; mso-table-top: -.95pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 480;">
<tbody>
<tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;">
<td rowspan="4" style="background: black; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-rotate: 90; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: .25in;" valign="top" width="24">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 5.65pt; margin-right: 5.65pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: right; mso-element-top: -.95pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly;">
<span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc106079533;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc107198565;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: white; font-size: 10.0pt;">Impact</span></b></span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #D9D9D9; border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 24.7pt;" valign="top" width="33">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: right; mso-element-top: -.95pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly;">
<span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc106079533;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc107198565;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">H</span></b></span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: yellow; border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: .25in;" valign="top" width="24"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc106079533;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc107198565;"></span></span>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: right; mso-element-top: -.95pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="background: red; border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: .25in;" valign="top" width="24"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc106079533;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc107198565;"></span></span>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: right; mso-element-top: -.95pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="background: red; border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: .25in;" valign="top" width="24"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc106079533;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc107198565;"></span></span>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: right; mso-element-top: -.95pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly;">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 1;">
<td style="background: #D9D9D9; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 24.7pt;" valign="top" width="33">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: right; mso-element-top: -.95pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly;">
<span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc106079533;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc107198565;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">M</span></b></span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: lime; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: .25in;" valign="top" width="24"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc106079533;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc107198565;"></span></span>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: right; mso-element-top: -.95pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="background: yellow; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: .25in;" valign="top" width="24"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc106079533;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc107198565;"></span></span>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: right; mso-element-top: -.95pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="background: red; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: .25in;" valign="top" width="24"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc106079533;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc107198565;"></span></span>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: right; mso-element-top: -.95pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly;">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 2;">
<td style="background: #D9D9D9; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 24.7pt;" valign="top" width="33">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: right; mso-element-top: -.95pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly;">
<span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc106079533;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc107198565;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">L</span></b></span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: lime; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: .25in;" valign="top" width="24"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc106079533;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc107198565;"></span></span>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: right; mso-element-top: -.95pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="background: lime; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: .25in;" valign="top" width="24"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc106079533;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc107198565;"></span></span>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: right; mso-element-top: -.95pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="background: yellow; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: .25in;" valign="top" width="24"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc106079533;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc107198565;"></span></span>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: right; mso-element-top: -.95pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly;">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 3;">
<td style="background: #D9D9D9; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 24.7pt;" valign="top" width="33"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc106079533;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc107198565;"></span></span>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: right; mso-element-top: -.95pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #D9D9D9; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: .25in;" valign="top" width="24">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: right; mso-element-top: -.95pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc106079533;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc107198565;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">L</span></b></span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #D9D9D9; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: .25in;" valign="top" width="24">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: right; mso-element-top: -.95pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc106079533;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc107198565;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">M</span></b></span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #D9D9D9; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: .25in;" valign="top" width="24">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: right; mso-element-top: -.95pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc106079533;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc107198565;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">H</span></b></span></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 4; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="background: black; border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: .25in;" valign="top" width="24"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc106079533;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc107198565;"></span></span>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: right; mso-element-top: -.95pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td colspan="4" style="background: black; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 78.7pt;" valign="top" width="105">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: right; mso-element-top: -.95pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc106079533;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc107198565;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: white; font-size: 10.0pt;">Probability</span></b></span></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc106079533;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc107198565;"></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc106079533;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc107198565;"></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc106079533;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc107198565;"></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc106079533;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc107198565;"></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc106079533;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc107198565;"></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc106079533;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc107198565;"></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc106079533;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc107198565;"></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc106079533;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc107198565;"></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc106079533;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc107198565;"></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc106079533;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc107198565;"></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc106079533;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc107198565;"></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc106079533;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc107198565;"></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc106079533;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc107198565;"></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc106079533;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc107198565;"></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc106079533;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc107198565;"></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc106079533;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc107198565;"></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc106079533;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc107198565;"></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc106079533;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc107198565;"></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc106079533;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc107198565;"></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc106079533;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc107198565;"></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc106079533;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc107198565;"></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc106079533;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc107198565;"></span></span>
<div class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 37.8pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo6; tab-stops: list 27.0pt; text-indent: -.15in;">
<span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc106079533;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc107198565;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span>High – </span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc106079533;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc107198565;"><span class="hps"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Risiko</span></span></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc106079533;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc107198565;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"> <span class="hps">yang</span> <span class="hps">memiliki potensi untuk</span> <span class="hps">sangat berdampak</span>
</span>pada </span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc106079533;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc107198565;"><span class="hps"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">biaya proyek</span></span></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc106079533;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc107198565;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">, <span class="hps">jadwal</span> <span class="hps">atau</span> <span class="hps">kinerja proyek</span></span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 37.8pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo6; tab-stops: list 27.0pt; text-indent: -.15in;">
<span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc106079533;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc107198565;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span>Medium – </span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc106079533;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc107198565;"><span class="hps"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Risiko</span></span></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc106079533;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc107198565;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"> <span class="hps">yang memiliki potensi</span>
<span class="hps">untuk sedikit</span> <span class="hps">berdampak</span> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>pada </span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc106079533;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc107198565;"><span class="hps"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">biaya proyek</span></span></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc106079533;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc107198565;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">, <span class="hps">jadwal</span> <span class="hps">atau</span> <span class="hps">kinerja proyek</span></span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 37.8pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo6; tab-stops: list 27.0pt; text-indent: -.15in;">
<span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc106079533;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc107198565;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span>Low – </span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc106079533;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc107198565;"><span class="hps"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Risiko</span></span></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc106079533;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc107198565;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"> <span class="hps">yang</span> </span><span class="hps">hampir </span></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc106079533;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc107198565;"><span class="hps"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">tidak memiliki</span></span></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc106079533;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc107198565;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"> <span class="hps">dampak pada</span> <span class="hps">biaya, jadwal</span> <span class="hps">atau kinerja</span></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc106079533;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc107198565;"><br />
</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc106079533;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc107198565;"><span class="hps"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Risiko</span></span></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc106079533;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc107198565;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"> <span class="hps">yang berada dalam</span> <span class="hps">zona</span> <span class="hps">merah dan kuning</span> <span class="hps">akan
memiliki</span> <span class="hps">rencana tanggap</span> <span class="hps">risiko</span>
<span class="hps">yang mungkin</span> <span class="hps">mencakup</span> <span class="hps">strategi</span> <span class="hps">respon</span> <span class="hps">risiko
dan</span> <span class="hps">rencana</span> <span class="hps">darurat</span> <span class="hps">risiko</span></span>.</span></span></div>
<h3 style="margin-left: .55in; mso-list: l22 level3 lfo18; tab-stops: list .5in left .6in; text-indent: -.5in;">
<span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc106079533;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc107198565;"><a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="_Toc419219381"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="_Toc148928082"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc419219381;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.4.2<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Quantitative
Risk Analysis</span></span></a></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc106079533;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc107198565;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></span></span></h3>
<div class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 27.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">
<span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc106079533;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc107198565;"><span class="alt-edited"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Analisis peristiwa risiko yang telah
diprioritaskan menggunakan proses analisis risiko kualitatif dan pengaruh
mereka pada kegiatan proyek akan</span> segera</span></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc106079533;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc107198565;"><span class="alt-edited"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"> diestimasi</span>kan</span></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc106079533;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc107198565;"><span class="alt-edited"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">, rating numerik
diterapkan untuk setiap risiko berdasarkan analisis kuantitatif, kemudian
didokumentasikan dalam bagian rencana manajemen risiko.</span></span></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc106079533;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc107198565;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"> </span></span></span></div>
<h2 style="margin-left: .65in; mso-list: l15 level2 lfo15; tab-stops: list .35in; text-indent: -.65in;">
<span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc106079533;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc107198565;"><a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="_Toc419219382"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="_Toc148928083"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc419219382;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.5<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Risk
Response Planning</span></span></a></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc106079533;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc107198565;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></span></span></h2>
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<span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc106079533;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc107198565;">Setiap resiko besar (yang jatuh di zona
merah & kuning) akan informasikan kepada pemilik risiko pemantauan dan
mengendalikan tujuan untuk memastikan bahwa risiko tidak akan " fall
through the cracks".</span></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc106079533;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc107198565;"><span class="hps"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Untuk setiap</span></span></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc106079533;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc107198565;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"> <span class="hps">resiko besar</span>, <span class="hps">salah satu pendekatan</span> <span class="hps">berikut akan</span> <span class="hps">dipilih untuk</span> <span class="hps">mengatasinya</span></span><span class="hps"> :</span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 40.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l17 level1 lfo7; tab-stops: list .4in; text-indent: -11.7pt;">
<span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc106079533;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc107198565;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Avoid</b>
– </span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc106079533;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc107198565;"><span class="hps"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Menghilangkan</span></span></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc106079533;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc107198565;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"> <span class="hps">ancaman</span> <span class="hps">atau</span> <span class="hps">ketentuan atau</span> <span class="hps">untuk
melindungi</span> <span class="hps">tujuan proyek</span> <span class="hps">dari</span>
<span class="hps">dampaknya</span> <span class="hps">dengan menghilangkan</span> <span class="hps">penyebabnya</span></span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l17 level1 lfo7; tab-stops: list .4in; text-indent: -.1in;">
<span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc106079533;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc107198565;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Mitigate</b> – </span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc106079533;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc107198565;"><span class="hps"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Mengidentifikasi</span></span></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc106079533;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc107198565;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"> <span class="hps">cara-cara untuk</span> <span class="hps">mengurangi kemungkinan</span> <span class="hps">atau</span> <span class="hps">dampak</span> <span class="hps">risiko</span></span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .55in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l17 level1 lfo7; tab-stops: list .4in; text-indent: -.15in;">
<span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc106079533;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc107198565;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Accept</b>
– </span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc106079533;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc107198565;"><span class="hps"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Tidak ada yang</span></span></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc106079533;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc107198565;"><span class="shorttext"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"> </span></span></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc106079533;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc107198565;"><span class="hps"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">akan dilakukan</span></span></span></span></div>
<div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .55in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l17 level1 lfo7; tab-stops: list .4in; text-align: left; text-indent: -.15in;">
<span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc106079533;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc107198565;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Contingency</span></b></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc106079533;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc107198565;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"> – </span></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc106079533;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc107198565;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Tentukan tindakan yang akan diambil dalam
menanggapi risiko</span></span></span></div>
<div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .55in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l17 level1 lfo7; tab-stops: list .4in; text-align: left; text-indent: -.15in;">
<span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc106079533;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc107198565;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Transfer</b>
– </span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc106079533;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc107198565;"><span class="hps"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Menggeser</span></span></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc106079533;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc107198565;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"> <span class="hps">konsekuensi dari</span> <span class="hps">risiko</span> <span class="hps">kepada pihak ketiga</span> <span class="hps">bersama dengan</span> <span class="hps">kepemilikan</span> <span class="hps">respon</span> <span class="hps">dengan membuat</span> <span class="hps">pihak
lain</span> <span class="hps">yang bertanggung jawab atas</span> <span class="hps">resiko</span></span><span class="hps"> yang terjadi.</span></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc106079533;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc107198565;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"> <span class="hps"><span lang="IN">(</span></span><span lang="IN">membeli asuransi, <span class="hps">outsourcing,</span> <span class="hps">dll</span>)</span></span></span></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .4in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">
<span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc106079533;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc107198565;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Untuk
setiap risiko yang akan dikurangi, tim proyek akan mengidentifikasi cara-cara untuk
mencegah risiko terjadi atau mengurangi dampak</span> yang dihasilkan</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc106079533;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc107198565;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">. </span>Cara ini termasuk </span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc106079533;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc107198565;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">prototipe, menambahkan tugas untuk jadwal
proyek, menambahkan sumber, dll Setiap risiko sekunder yang dihasilkan dari respon
mitigasi risiko akan didokumentasikan dan mengikuti protokol manajemen risiko sebagai
risiko utama.</span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .4in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .4in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">
<span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc106079533;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc107198565;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Untuk
setiap resiko besar yang harus dikurangi atau yang diterima, suatu tindakan akan
diuraikan </span>secara langsung agar</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc106079533;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc107198565;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"> <span lang="IN">risiko tidak terwujud </span></span>bermaksud u</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc106079533;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc107198565;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">ntuk meminimalkan dampaknya.</span></span></span></div>
<h2 style="margin-left: .65in; mso-list: l15 level2 lfo15; tab-stops: list .35in; text-indent: -.65in;">
<span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc106079533;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc107198565;"><a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="_Toc419219383"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="_Toc148928084"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc419219383;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.6<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Risk
Monitoring, Controlling, And Reporting</span></span></a></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc106079533;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></span></h2>
<div class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .4in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">
<span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc106079533;"><span class="hps"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Tingkat</span></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc106079533;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"> <span class="hps">risiko pada</span> <span class="hps">proyek</span> <span class="hps">akan
dilacak</span>, <span class="hps">dipantau dan</span> <span class="hps">dikendalikan
dan</span> <span class="hps">dilaporkan</span> <span class="hps">di seluruh siklus
hidup</span> <span class="hps">proyek</span></span><span class="hps">.</span><span style="color: blue;"></span></span></div>
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<span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc106079533;"><span class="hps"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Risiko</span></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc106079533;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> <span class="hps">akan diberi</span> <span class="hps">pemilik</span>
<span class="hps">risiko yang</span> <span class="hps">akan melacak</span>, <span class="hps">memantau dan</span> </span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc106079533;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">meng</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc106079533;"><span class="hps"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN;">kontrol dan</span></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc106079533;"><span class="hps"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"> juga</span></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc106079533;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> <span class="hps"><span lang="IN">melaporkan status</span></span><span lang="IN"> <span class="hps">dan</span> <span class="hps">efektivitas setiap</span> <span class="hps">tindakan</span> <span class="hps">respon</span> <span class="hps">risiko</span>
<span class="hps">kepada Manajer</span> <span class="hps">Proyek dan</span> <span class="hps">Tim</span> <span class="hps">Manajemen Risiko</span>.</span></span></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc106079533;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Sebuah
"Top 10 </span>Risk List</span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc106079533;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">" akan </span>iris</span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc106079533;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"> <span lang="IN">oleh Manajer PM / Risk atau IPT dan akan dilaporkan sebagai komponen dari
pelaporan</span></span> proses</span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc106079533;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"> <span lang="IN">status proyek untuk proyek ini.</span></span></span></div>
<div class="ReferenceList" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .4in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: none; tab-stops: list 1.25in; text-indent: 0in;">
<span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc106079533;"><span class="hps"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Semua</span></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc106079533;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> <span class="hps">permintaan perubahan</span> <span class="hps">proyek akan</span> <span class="hps">dianalisis untuk</span> </span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc106079533;"><span class="hps"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">dampak yang
mungkin mereka timbulkan terhadap proyek</span></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc106079533;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"></span></span></div>
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<span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc106079533;"><span class="hps"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Sebagaimana</span></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc106079533;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"> <span class="hps">Events</span> <span class="hps">Risiko</span> <span class="hps">terjadi</span>,
<span class="hps">daftar akan</span> <span class="hps">kembali</span> <span class="hps">diprioritaskan</span> <span class="hps">pada</span> <span class="hps">ulasan</span>
<span class="hps">mingguan dan</span> <span class="hps">rencana</span> <span class="hps">manajemen risiko</span> <span class="hps">akan </span></span><span class="hps">mencermikan</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc106079533;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"> <span class="hps"><span lang="IN">semua</span></span><span lang="IN"> <span class="hps">perubahan pada</span> <span class="hps">daftar</span> <span class="hps">risiko</span> <span class="hps">termasuk</span> <span class="hps">risiko</span>
<span class="hps">menengah dan</span> <span class="hps">residual</span>.</span></span></span></div>
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<span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc106079533;"><span class="hps"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Manajemen</span></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc106079533;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"> <span class="hps">akan diberitahu</span> <span class="hps">perubahan</span> <span class="hps">penting untuk</span> <span class="hps">risiko</span> <span class="hps">statusnya</span>
<span class="hps">sebagai komponen</span> <span class="hps">untuk</span> <span class="hps">Laporan Status</span> <span class="hps">Proyek</span> <span class="hps">Eksekutif</span></span><i><span style="color: blue;"></span></i></span></div>
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<span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc106079533;"><span class="hps"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Manager Risiko</span></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc106079533;"><span class="shorttext"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> </span></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc106079533;"><span class="hps"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN;">(</span></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc106079533;"><span class="shorttext"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN;">PM) </span></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc106079533;"><span class="hps"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN;">akan</span></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc106079533;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">: </span></span></div>
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<span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc106079533;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span class="hps"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Review,</span></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc106079533;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> <span class="hps">mengevaluasi kembali</span>, <span class="hps">dan memodifikasi</span> <span class="hps">kemungkinan</span> <span class="hps">dan</span> <span class="hps">dampak</span> <span class="hps">untuk setiap
risiko</span></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc106079533;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"></span></i></span></div>
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<span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc106079533;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span class="hps"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Menganalisis</span></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc106079533;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> <span class="hps">risiko</span> <span class="hps">baru yang</span>
<span class="hps">diidentifikasi dan</span> <span class="hps">menambahkan item</span>
<span class="hps">ini ke</span> <span class="hps">daftar</span> <span class="hps">risiko</span>
<span class="hps">(</span>atau database <span class="hps">risiko)</span>.</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc106079533;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"></span></span></div>
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<span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc106079533;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span class="hps"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Memantau</span></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc106079533;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> <span class="hps">dan </span></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc106079533;"><span class="hps"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">meng</span></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc106079533;"><span class="hps"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN;">kontrol</span></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc106079533;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> <span class="hps">risiko yang</span> <span class="hps">telah
diidentifikasi</span></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc106079533;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"></span></i></span></div>
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<span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc106079533;"><span class="hps"><span style="color: black; font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></span><span class="hps"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Meninjau dan</span></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc106079533;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> <span class="hps">memperbarui daftar</span> <span class="hps">sepuluh</span> <span class="hps">risiko</span> </span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc106079533;"><span class="hps"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">setiap dua minggu.</span></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc106079533;"><span class="hps"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"></span></i></span></span></div>
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<span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc106079533;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span class="hps"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Menyampaikan
</span></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc106079533;"><span class="hps"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN;">isu</span></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc106079533;"><span class="shorttext"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> </span></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc106079533;"><span class="hps"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN;">/</span></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc106079533;"><span class="shorttext"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> </span></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc106079533;"><span class="hps"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN;">masalah</span></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc106079533;"><span class="shorttext"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> </span></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc106079533;"><span class="hps"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN;">manajemen</span></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc106079533;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></i></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc106079533;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"></span></i></span></div>
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<span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc106079533;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Pemilik
Risiko akan :</span></span></div>
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<span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc106079533;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span class="hps"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Membantu mengembangkan</span></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc106079533;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> <span class="hps">respon</span> <span class="hps">risiko dan</span>
<span class="hps">risiko</span> </span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc106079533;"><span class="hps"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">p</span></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc106079533;"><span class="hps"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN;">emicu</span></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc106079533;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> <span class="hps">dan </span></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc106079533;"><span class="hps"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">juga </span></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc106079533;"><span class="hps"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN;">melaksanakan</span></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc106079533;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> <span class="hps">eksekus</span> <span class="hps">respon</span>
<span class="hps">risiko</span>, <span class="hps">jika</span> <span class="hps">peristiwa</span>
<span class="hps">risiko</span> <span class="hps">terjadi</span>.</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc106079533;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"></span></span></div>
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<span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc106079533;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span class="hps"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Berpartisipasi</span></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc106079533;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> <span class="hps">dalam review</span>, <span class="hps">evaluasi
ulang</span>, <span class="hps">dan modifikasi</span> <span class="hps">kemungkinan</span>
<span class="hps">dan</span> <span class="hps">dampak</span> <span class="hps">untuk
setiap item</span> <span class="hps">risiko</span> <span class="hps">secara
mingguan</span>.</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc106079533;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"></span></span></div>
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<span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc106079533;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span class="hps"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Mengidentifikasi</span></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc106079533;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> <span class="hps">dan berpartisipasi</span> <span class="hps">dalam analisis</span> <span class="hps">risiko</span> <span class="hps">baru</span>
<span class="hps">yang terjadi</span>.</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc106079533;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"></span></span></div>
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<span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc106079533;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span class="hps"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Menyampaikan
</span></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc106079533;"><span class="hps"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN;">isu</span></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc106079533;"><span class="shorttext"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> </span></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc106079533;"><span class="hps"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN;">/</span></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc106079533;"><span class="shorttext"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> </span></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc106079533;"><span class="hps"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN;">masalah</span></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc106079533;"><span class="shorttext"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> </span></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc106079533;"><span class="shorttext"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">kepada</span></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc106079533;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> PM jika,<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="color: blue;"></span></i></span></span></div>
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<span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc106079533;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span class="hps"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Berdampak</span></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc106079533;"><span class="hps"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"> secara signifika pada</span></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc106079533;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> <span class="hps"><span lang="IN">projects triple constraint</span></span></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc106079533;"><span class="hps"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"> </span></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc106079533;"><span class="hps"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN;">atau</span></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc106079533;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> <span class="hps">memicu</span> <span class="hps">peristiwa
risiko</span> <span class="hps">lain</span> <span class="hps">terjadi</span>.</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc106079533;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"></span></span></div>
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<span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc106079533;"><span class="hps"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></span><span class="hps"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Membutuhkan</span></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc106079533;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> <span class="hps">tindakan</span> <span class="hps">sebelum</span>
<span class="hps">review</span> <span class="hps">mingguan</span> <span class="hps">berikutnya</span></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc106079533;"><span class="hps"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc106079533;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span class="hps"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Strategi</span></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc106079533;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> <span class="hps">Risiko</span> <span class="hps">tidak
efektif</span> <span class="hps">atau</span> <span class="hps">menyebabkan</span> <span class="hps">kebutuhan untuk</span> <span class="hps">melaksanakan rencana</span> <span class="hps">darurat</span>.</span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN;"></span></div>
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><br clear="all" style="mso-special-character: line-break; page-break-before: always;" />
</span>
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<div class="MsoCaption">
Table <span style="mso-no-proof: yes;">2</span>. Risks Analysis</div>
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<tbody>
<tr style="height: 3.0pt; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: -1; mso-yfti-lastfirstrow: yes;">
<td colspan="5" style="border-bottom: solid #666666 1.5pt; border: solid #999999 1.0pt; height: 3.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid #999999 .5pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #666666 1.5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-bottom-themetint: 153; mso-border-bottom-themetint: 153; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themetint: 102; mso-border-themetint: 102; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 310.25pt;" valign="top" width="414">
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<em><span style="font-style: normal; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Risk</span></em></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #666666 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #999999 1.0pt; border-top: solid #999999 1.0pt; height: 3.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid #999999 .5pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #666666 1.5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-bottom-themetint: 153; mso-border-bottom-themetint: 153; mso-border-left-alt: solid #999999 .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-themetint: 102; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themetint: 102; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themetint: 102; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-themetint: 102; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 88.65pt;" valign="top" width="118">
<div align="center" class="MsoCaption" style="margin-left: 0in; mso-yfti-cnfc: 1; text-align: center;">
<em><span style="font-style: normal; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Impact</span></em></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #666666 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #999999 1.0pt; border-top: solid #999999 1.0pt; height: 3.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid #999999 .5pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #666666 1.5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-bottom-themetint: 153; mso-border-bottom-themetint: 153; mso-border-left-alt: solid #999999 .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-themetint: 102; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themetint: 102; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themetint: 102; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-themetint: 102; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 73.35pt;" valign="top" width="98">
<div align="center" class="MsoCaption" style="margin-left: 0in; mso-yfti-cnfc: 1; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-style: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Probability</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 4.0pt; mso-yfti-irow: 0;">
<td colspan="5" style="border-top: none; border: solid #999999 1.0pt; height: 4.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid #999999 .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themetint: 102; mso-border-themetint: 102; mso-border-top-alt: solid #999999 .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-themetint: 102; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 310.25pt;" valign="top" width="414">
<div class="MsoHeading9" style="mso-outline-level: 9; mso-yfti-cnfc: 4;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Salah satu staff penting dalam tim meninggalkan proyek</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #999999 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #999999 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 4.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid #999999 .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-bottom-themetint: 102; mso-border-left-alt: solid #999999 .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-themetint: 102; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themetint: 102; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themetint: 102; mso-border-top-alt: solid #999999 .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-themetint: 102; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 88.65pt;" valign="top" width="118">
<h2 align="center" style="mso-outline-level: 2; text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">H</span></h2>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #999999 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #999999 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 4.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid #999999 .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-bottom-themetint: 102; mso-border-left-alt: solid #999999 .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-themetint: 102; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themetint: 102; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themetint: 102; mso-border-top-alt: solid #999999 .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-themetint: 102; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 73.35pt;" valign="top" width="98">
<h2 align="center" style="mso-outline-level: 2; text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">L</span></h2>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 1;">
<td colspan="5" style="border-top: none; border: solid #999999 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid #999999 .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themetint: 102; mso-border-themetint: 102; mso-border-top-alt: solid #999999 .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-themetint: 102; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 310.25pt;" valign="top" width="414">
<div class="MsoHeading9" style="mso-outline-level: 9; mso-yfti-cnfc: 4;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Estimasi biaya dan waktu yang tidak realistis</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #999999 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #999999 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #999999 .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-bottom-themetint: 102; mso-border-left-alt: solid #999999 .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-themetint: 102; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themetint: 102; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themetint: 102; mso-border-top-alt: solid #999999 .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-themetint: 102; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 88.65pt;" valign="top" width="118">
<h2 align="center" style="mso-outline-level: 2; text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">M</span></h2>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #999999 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #999999 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #999999 .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-bottom-themetint: 102; mso-border-left-alt: solid #999999 .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-themetint: 102; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themetint: 102; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themetint: 102; mso-border-top-alt: solid #999999 .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-themetint: 102; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 73.35pt;" valign="top" width="98">
<h2 align="center" style="mso-outline-level: 2; text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">H</span></h2>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 2;">
<td colspan="5" style="border-top: none; border: solid #999999 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid #999999 .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themetint: 102; mso-border-themetint: 102; mso-border-top-alt: solid #999999 .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-themetint: 102; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 310.25pt;" valign="top" width="414">
<div class="MsoHeading9" style="mso-outline-level: 9; mso-yfti-cnfc: 4;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Perubahan spesifikasi kebutuhan selama coding</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #999999 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #999999 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #999999 .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-bottom-themetint: 102; mso-border-left-alt: solid #999999 .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-themetint: 102; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themetint: 102; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themetint: 102; mso-border-top-alt: solid #999999 .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-themetint: 102; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 88.65pt;" valign="top" width="118">
<h2 align="center" style="mso-outline-level: 2; text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">H</span></h2>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #999999 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #999999 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #999999 .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-bottom-themetint: 102; mso-border-left-alt: solid #999999 .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-themetint: 102; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themetint: 102; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themetint: 102; mso-border-top-alt: solid #999999 .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-themetint: 102; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 73.35pt;" valign="top" width="98">
<h2 align="center" style="mso-outline-level: 2; text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">H</span></h2>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 3;">
<td colspan="5" style="border-top: none; border: solid #999999 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid #999999 .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themetint: 102; mso-border-themetint: 102; mso-border-top-alt: solid #999999 .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-themetint: 102; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 310.25pt;" valign="top" width="414">
<div class="MsoHeading9" style="mso-outline-level: 9; mso-yfti-cnfc: 4;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Kegagalan pada personil</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #999999 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #999999 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #999999 .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-bottom-themetint: 102; mso-border-left-alt: solid #999999 .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-themetint: 102; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themetint: 102; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themetint: 102; mso-border-top-alt: solid #999999 .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-themetint: 102; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 88.65pt;" valign="top" width="118">
<h2 align="center" style="mso-outline-level: 2; text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">H</span></h2>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #999999 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #999999 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #999999 .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-bottom-themetint: 102; mso-border-left-alt: solid #999999 .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-themetint: 102; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themetint: 102; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themetint: 102; mso-border-top-alt: solid #999999 .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-themetint: 102; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 73.35pt;" valign="top" width="98">
<h2 align="center" style="mso-outline-level: 2; text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">M</span></h2>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 4;">
<td colspan="5" style="border-top: none; border: solid #999999 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid #999999 .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themetint: 102; mso-border-themetint: 102; mso-border-top-alt: solid #999999 .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-themetint: 102; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 310.25pt;" valign="top" width="414">
<div class="MsoHeading9" style="mso-outline-level: 9; mso-yfti-cnfc: 4;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Mengembangkan fungsi software yang salah</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #999999 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #999999 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #999999 .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-bottom-themetint: 102; mso-border-left-alt: solid #999999 .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-themetint: 102; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themetint: 102; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themetint: 102; mso-border-top-alt: solid #999999 .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-themetint: 102; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 88.65pt;" valign="top" width="118">
<h2 align="center" style="mso-outline-level: 2; text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">M</span></h2>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #999999 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #999999 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #999999 .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-bottom-themetint: 102; mso-border-left-alt: solid #999999 .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-themetint: 102; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themetint: 102; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themetint: 102; mso-border-top-alt: solid #999999 .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-themetint: 102; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 73.35pt;" valign="top" width="98">
<h2 align="center" style="mso-outline-level: 2; text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">L</span></h2>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 5;">
<td colspan="5" style="border-top: none; border: solid #999999 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid #999999 .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themetint: 102; mso-border-themetint: 102; mso-border-top-alt: solid #999999 .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-themetint: 102; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 310.25pt;" valign="top" width="414">
<div class="MsoHeading9" style="mso-outline-level: 9; mso-yfti-cnfc: 4;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Mengembangkan antarmuka pengguna yang salah</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #999999 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #999999 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #999999 .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-bottom-themetint: 102; mso-border-left-alt: solid #999999 .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-themetint: 102; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themetint: 102; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themetint: 102; mso-border-top-alt: solid #999999 .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-themetint: 102; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 88.65pt;" valign="top" width="118">
<h2 align="center" style="mso-outline-level: 2; text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">L</span></h2>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #999999 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #999999 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #999999 .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-bottom-themetint: 102; mso-border-left-alt: solid #999999 .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-themetint: 102; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themetint: 102; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themetint: 102; mso-border-top-alt: solid #999999 .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-themetint: 102; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 73.35pt;" valign="top" width="98">
<h2 align="center" style="mso-outline-level: 2; text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">M</span></h2>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 6;">
<td colspan="5" style="border-top: none; border: solid #999999 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid #999999 .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themetint: 102; mso-border-themetint: 102; mso-border-top-alt: solid #999999 .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-themetint: 102; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 310.25pt;" valign="top" width="414">
<div class="MsoHeading9" style="mso-outline-level: 9; mso-yfti-cnfc: 4;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Gold plating</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #999999 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #999999 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #999999 .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-bottom-themetint: 102; mso-border-left-alt: solid #999999 .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-themetint: 102; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themetint: 102; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themetint: 102; mso-border-top-alt: solid #999999 .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-themetint: 102; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 88.65pt;" valign="top" width="118">
<h2 align="center" style="mso-outline-level: 2; text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">M</span></h2>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #999999 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #999999 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #999999 .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-bottom-themetint: 102; mso-border-left-alt: solid #999999 .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-themetint: 102; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themetint: 102; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themetint: 102; mso-border-top-alt: solid #999999 .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-themetint: 102; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 73.35pt;" valign="top" width="98">
<h2 align="center" style="mso-outline-level: 2; text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">M</span></h2>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 7;">
<td colspan="5" style="border-top: none; border: solid #999999 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid #999999 .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themetint: 102; mso-border-themetint: 102; mso-border-top-alt: solid #999999 .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-themetint: 102; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 310.25pt;" valign="top" width="414">
<div class="MsoHeading9" style="mso-outline-level: 9; mso-yfti-cnfc: 4;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Terlambat untuk mengubah kebutuhan</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #999999 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #999999 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #999999 .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-bottom-themetint: 102; mso-border-left-alt: solid #999999 .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-themetint: 102; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themetint: 102; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themetint: 102; mso-border-top-alt: solid #999999 .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-themetint: 102; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 88.65pt;" valign="top" width="118">
<h2 align="center" style="mso-outline-level: 2; text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">H</span></h2>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #999999 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #999999 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #999999 .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-bottom-themetint: 102; mso-border-left-alt: solid #999999 .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-themetint: 102; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themetint: 102; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themetint: 102; mso-border-top-alt: solid #999999 .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-themetint: 102; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 73.35pt;" valign="top" width="98">
<h2 align="center" style="mso-outline-level: 2; text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">L</span></h2>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 8;">
<td colspan="5" style="border-top: none; border: solid #999999 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid #999999 .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themetint: 102; mso-border-themetint: 102; mso-border-top-alt: solid #999999 .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-themetint: 102; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 310.25pt;" valign="top" width="414">
<div class="MsoHeading9" style="mso-outline-level: 9; mso-yfti-cnfc: 4;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Kegagalan pada komponen yang disuplai pihak eksternal</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #999999 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #999999 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #999999 .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-bottom-themetint: 102; mso-border-left-alt: solid #999999 .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-themetint: 102; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themetint: 102; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themetint: 102; mso-border-top-alt: solid #999999 .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-themetint: 102; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 88.65pt;" valign="top" width="118">
<h2 align="center" style="mso-outline-level: 2; text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">H</span></h2>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #999999 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #999999 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #999999 .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-bottom-themetint: 102; mso-border-left-alt: solid #999999 .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-themetint: 102; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themetint: 102; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themetint: 102; mso-border-top-alt: solid #999999 .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-themetint: 102; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 73.35pt;" valign="top" width="98">
<h2 align="center" style="mso-outline-level: 2; text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">M</span></h2>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 9;">
<td colspan="5" style="border-top: none; border: solid #999999 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid #999999 .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themetint: 102; mso-border-themetint: 102; mso-border-top-alt: solid #999999 .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-themetint: 102; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 310.25pt;" valign="top" width="414">
<div class="MsoHeading9" style="mso-outline-level: 9; mso-yfti-cnfc: 4;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Kegagalan kinerja real-time</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #999999 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #999999 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #999999 .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-bottom-themetint: 102; mso-border-left-alt: solid #999999 .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-themetint: 102; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themetint: 102; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themetint: 102; mso-border-top-alt: solid #999999 .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-themetint: 102; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 88.65pt;" valign="top" width="118">
<h2 align="center" style="mso-outline-level: 2; text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">H</span></h2>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #999999 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #999999 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #999999 .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-bottom-themetint: 102; mso-border-left-alt: solid #999999 .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-themetint: 102; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themetint: 102; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themetint: 102; mso-border-top-alt: solid #999999 .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-themetint: 102; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 73.35pt;" valign="top" width="98">
<h2 align="center" style="mso-outline-level: 2; text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">H</span></h2>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 10;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid #999999 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid #999999 .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themetint: 102; mso-border-themetint: 102; mso-border-top-alt: solid #999999 .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-themetint: 102; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 49.25pt;" valign="top" width="66">
<div align="center" class="MsoCaption" style="margin-left: 0in; mso-yfti-cnfc: 4; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal;">This Week</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #999999 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #999999 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #999999 .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-bottom-themetint: 102; mso-border-left-alt: solid #999999 .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-themetint: 102; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themetint: 102; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themetint: 102; mso-border-top-alt: solid #999999 .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-themetint: 102; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 40.5pt;" valign="top" width="54">
<div align="center" class="MsoCaption" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-style: normal;">Last week</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #999999 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #999999 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #999999 .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-bottom-themetint: 102; mso-border-left-alt: solid #999999 .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-themetint: 102; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themetint: 102; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themetint: 102; mso-border-top-alt: solid #999999 .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-themetint: 102; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 45.0pt;" valign="top" width="60">
<div align="center" class="MsoCaption" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-style: normal;">Weeks on list</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #999999 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #999999 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #999999 .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-bottom-themetint: 102; mso-border-left-alt: solid #999999 .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-themetint: 102; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themetint: 102; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themetint: 102; mso-border-top-alt: solid #999999 .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-themetint: 102; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 103.5pt;" valign="top" width="138">
<div align="center" class="MsoCaption" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-style: normal;">Risk</span></div>
</td>
<td colspan="3" style="border-bottom: solid #999999 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #999999 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #999999 .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-bottom-themetint: 102; mso-border-left-alt: solid #999999 .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-themetint: 102; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themetint: 102; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themetint: 102; mso-border-top-alt: solid #999999 .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-themetint: 102; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 3.25in;" valign="top" width="312">
<div align="center" class="MsoCaption" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-style: normal;">Risk resolution progress</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 11;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid #999999 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid #999999 .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themetint: 102; mso-border-themetint: 102; mso-border-top-alt: solid #999999 .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-themetint: 102; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 49.25pt;" valign="top" width="66">
<h2 align="center" style="mso-outline-level: 2; mso-yfti-cnfc: 4; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">1</span></h2>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #999999 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #999999 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #999999 .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-bottom-themetint: 102; mso-border-left-alt: solid #999999 .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-themetint: 102; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themetint: 102; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themetint: 102; mso-border-top-alt: solid #999999 .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-themetint: 102; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 40.5pt;" valign="top" width="54">
<h2 align="center" style="mso-outline-level: 2; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">-</span></h2>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #999999 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #999999 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #999999 .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-bottom-themetint: 102; mso-border-left-alt: solid #999999 .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-themetint: 102; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themetint: 102; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themetint: 102; mso-border-top-alt: solid #999999 .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-themetint: 102; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 45.0pt;" valign="top" width="60">
<h2 align="center" style="mso-outline-level: 2; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">1</span></h2>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #999999 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #999999 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #999999 .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-bottom-themetint: 102; mso-border-left-alt: solid #999999 .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-themetint: 102; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themetint: 102; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themetint: 102; mso-border-top-alt: solid #999999 .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-themetint: 102; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 103.5pt;" valign="top" width="138">
<div align="left" class="MsoCaption" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Perubahan
spesifikasi kebutuhan selama coding</span></div>
</td>
<td colspan="3" style="border-bottom: solid #999999 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #999999 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #999999 .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-bottom-themetint: 102; mso-border-left-alt: solid #999999 .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-themetint: 102; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themetint: 102; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themetint: 102; mso-border-top-alt: solid #999999 .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-themetint: 102; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 3.25in;" valign="top" width="312">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l2 level2 lfo25; tab-stops: list 15.95pt; text-indent: -65.05pt;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Libatkan
customer dan pengembang</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l2 level2 lfo25; tab-stops: list 15.95pt; text-indent: -65.05pt;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Melakukan<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>meeting dengan customer secara</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 17.1pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">rutin</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 12;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid #999999 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid #999999 .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themetint: 102; mso-border-themetint: 102; mso-border-top-alt: solid #999999 .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-themetint: 102; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 49.25pt;" valign="top" width="66">
<h2 align="center" style="mso-outline-level: 2; mso-yfti-cnfc: 4; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">2</span></h2>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #999999 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #999999 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #999999 .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-bottom-themetint: 102; mso-border-left-alt: solid #999999 .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-themetint: 102; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themetint: 102; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themetint: 102; mso-border-top-alt: solid #999999 .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-themetint: 102; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 40.5pt;" valign="top" width="54">
<h2 align="center" style="mso-outline-level: 2; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">-</span></h2>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #999999 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #999999 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #999999 .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-bottom-themetint: 102; mso-border-left-alt: solid #999999 .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-themetint: 102; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themetint: 102; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themetint: 102; mso-border-top-alt: solid #999999 .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-themetint: 102; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 45.0pt;" valign="top" width="60">
<h2 align="center" style="mso-outline-level: 2; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">1</span></h2>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #999999 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #999999 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #999999 .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-bottom-themetint: 102; mso-border-left-alt: solid #999999 .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-themetint: 102; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themetint: 102; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themetint: 102; mso-border-top-alt: solid #999999 .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-themetint: 102; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 103.5pt;" valign="top" width="138">
<div align="left" class="MsoCaption" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Kegagalan
kinerja real-time</span></div>
</td>
<td colspan="3" style="border-bottom: solid #999999 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #999999 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #999999 .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-bottom-themetint: 102; mso-border-left-alt: solid #999999 .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-themetint: 102; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themetint: 102; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themetint: 102; mso-border-top-alt: solid #999999 .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-themetint: 102; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 3.25in;" valign="top" width="312">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l2 level2 lfo25; tab-stops: list 15.95pt; text-indent: -65.05pt;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Simulasi</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l2 level2 lfo25; tab-stops: list 15.95pt; text-indent: -65.05pt;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Benchmarking</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l2 level2 lfo25; tab-stops: list 15.95pt; text-indent: -65.05pt;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Prototipe</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l2 level2 lfo25; tab-stops: list 15.95pt; text-indent: -65.05pt;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Tuning</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l2 level2 lfo25; tab-stops: list 15.95pt; text-indent: -65.05pt;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Analisis
Teknis</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 13;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid #999999 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid #999999 .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themetint: 102; mso-border-themetint: 102; mso-border-top-alt: solid #999999 .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-themetint: 102; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 49.25pt;" valign="top" width="66">
<h2 align="center" style="mso-outline-level: 2; mso-yfti-cnfc: 4; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">3</span></h2>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #999999 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #999999 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #999999 .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-bottom-themetint: 102; mso-border-left-alt: solid #999999 .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-themetint: 102; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themetint: 102; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themetint: 102; mso-border-top-alt: solid #999999 .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-themetint: 102; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 40.5pt;" valign="top" width="54">
<h2 align="center" style="mso-outline-level: 2; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">-</span></h2>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #999999 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #999999 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #999999 .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-bottom-themetint: 102; mso-border-left-alt: solid #999999 .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-themetint: 102; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themetint: 102; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themetint: 102; mso-border-top-alt: solid #999999 .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-themetint: 102; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 45.0pt;" valign="top" width="60">
<h2 align="center" style="mso-outline-level: 2; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">1</span></h2>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #999999 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #999999 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #999999 .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-bottom-themetint: 102; mso-border-left-alt: solid #999999 .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-themetint: 102; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themetint: 102; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themetint: 102; mso-border-top-alt: solid #999999 .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-themetint: 102; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 103.5pt;" valign="top" width="138">
<div align="left" class="MsoCaption" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Kegagalan
pada komponen yang disuplai pihak eksternal</span></div>
</td>
<td colspan="3" style="border-bottom: solid #999999 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #999999 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #999999 .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-bottom-themetint: 102; mso-border-left-alt: solid #999999 .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-themetint: 102; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themetint: 102; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themetint: 102; mso-border-top-alt: solid #999999 .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-themetint: 102; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 3.25in;" valign="top" width="312">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l2 level2 lfo25; tab-stops: list 15.95pt; text-indent: -65.05pt;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Melakukan
benchmarking</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l2 level2 lfo25; tab-stops: list 15.95pt; text-indent: -65.05pt;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Inspeksi</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l2 level2 lfo25; tab-stops: list 15.95pt; text-indent: -65.05pt;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Spesifikasi
formal</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 14;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid #999999 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid #999999 .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themetint: 102; mso-border-themetint: 102; mso-border-top-alt: solid #999999 .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-themetint: 102; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 49.25pt;" valign="top" width="66">
<h2 align="center" style="mso-outline-level: 2; mso-yfti-cnfc: 4; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">4</span></h2>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #999999 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #999999 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #999999 .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-bottom-themetint: 102; mso-border-left-alt: solid #999999 .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-themetint: 102; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themetint: 102; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themetint: 102; mso-border-top-alt: solid #999999 .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-themetint: 102; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 40.5pt;" valign="top" width="54">
<h2 align="center" style="mso-outline-level: 2; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">-</span></h2>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #999999 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #999999 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #999999 .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-bottom-themetint: 102; mso-border-left-alt: solid #999999 .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-themetint: 102; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themetint: 102; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themetint: 102; mso-border-top-alt: solid #999999 .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-themetint: 102; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 45.0pt;" valign="top" width="60">
<h2 align="center" style="mso-outline-level: 2; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">1</span></h2>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #999999 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #999999 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #999999 .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-bottom-themetint: 102; mso-border-left-alt: solid #999999 .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-themetint: 102; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themetint: 102; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themetint: 102; mso-border-top-alt: solid #999999 .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-themetint: 102; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 103.5pt;" valign="top" width="138">
<div align="left" class="MsoCaption" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Kegagalan
pada personil</span></div>
</td>
<td colspan="3" style="border-bottom: solid #999999 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #999999 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #999999 .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-bottom-themetint: 102; mso-border-left-alt: solid #999999 .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-themetint: 102; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themetint: 102; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themetint: 102; mso-border-top-alt: solid #999999 .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-themetint: 102; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 3.25in;" valign="top" width="312">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 12.6pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l2 level2 lfo25; tab-stops: list 15.95pt; text-indent: -5.65pt;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Memperkerjakan
staf yang handal</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 12.6pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l2 level2 lfo25; tab-stops: list 15.95pt; text-indent: -5.65pt;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Job
matching</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 12.6pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l2 level2 lfo25; tab-stops: list 15.95pt; text-indent: -5.65pt;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Membangun
tim</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 15.95pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l2 level2 lfo25; tab-stops: list 15.95pt; text-indent: -9.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Mengadakan
pelatihan dan peningkatan karir</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 15.95pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l2 level2 lfo25; tab-stops: list 15.95pt; text-indent: -9.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Membuat
jadwal lebih awal bagi personil utama</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 15;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid #999999 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid #999999 .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themetint: 102; mso-border-themetint: 102; mso-border-top-alt: solid #999999 .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-themetint: 102; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 49.25pt;" valign="top" width="66">
<h2 align="center" style="mso-outline-level: 2; mso-yfti-cnfc: 4; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">5</span></h2>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #999999 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #999999 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #999999 .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-bottom-themetint: 102; mso-border-left-alt: solid #999999 .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-themetint: 102; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themetint: 102; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themetint: 102; mso-border-top-alt: solid #999999 .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-themetint: 102; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 40.5pt;" valign="top" width="54">
<h2 align="center" style="mso-outline-level: 2; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">-</span></h2>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #999999 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #999999 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #999999 .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-bottom-themetint: 102; mso-border-left-alt: solid #999999 .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-themetint: 102; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themetint: 102; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themetint: 102; mso-border-top-alt: solid #999999 .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-themetint: 102; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 45.0pt;" valign="top" width="60">
<h2 align="center" style="mso-outline-level: 2; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">1</span></h2>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #999999 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #999999 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #999999 .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-bottom-themetint: 102; mso-border-left-alt: solid #999999 .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-themetint: 102; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themetint: 102; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themetint: 102; mso-border-top-alt: solid #999999 .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-themetint: 102; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 103.5pt;" valign="top" width="138">
<div align="left" class="MsoCaption" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Estimasi
biaya dan waktu yang tidak realistis</span></div>
</td>
<td colspan="3" style="border-bottom: solid #999999 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #999999 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #999999 .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-bottom-themetint: 102; mso-border-left-alt: solid #999999 .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-themetint: 102; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themetint: 102; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themetint: 102; mso-border-top-alt: solid #999999 .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-themetint: 102; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 3.25in;" valign="top" width="312">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 15.95pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l2 level2 lfo25; tab-stops: list 15.95pt; text-indent: -9.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Membuat
beberapa estimasi</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 15.95pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l2 level2 lfo25; tab-stops: list 15.95pt; text-indent: -9.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Desain
untuk biaya</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 15.95pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l2 level2 lfo25; tab-stops: list 15.95pt; text-indent: -9.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Meningkatkan
pengembangan</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 15.95pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l2 level2 lfo25; tab-stops: list 15.95pt; text-indent: -9.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Merekam
dan menganalisa proyek sebelumnya</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 15.95pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l2 level2 lfo25; tab-stops: list 15.95pt; text-indent: -9.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Standarisasi
metode</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 16;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid #999999 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid #999999 .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themetint: 102; mso-border-themetint: 102; mso-border-top-alt: solid #999999 .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-themetint: 102; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 49.25pt;" valign="top" width="66">
<h2 align="center" style="mso-outline-level: 2; mso-yfti-cnfc: 4; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">6</span></h2>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #999999 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #999999 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #999999 .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-bottom-themetint: 102; mso-border-left-alt: solid #999999 .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-themetint: 102; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themetint: 102; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themetint: 102; mso-border-top-alt: solid #999999 .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-themetint: 102; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 40.5pt;" valign="top" width="54">
<h2 align="center" style="mso-outline-level: 2; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">-</span></h2>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #999999 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #999999 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #999999 .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-bottom-themetint: 102; mso-border-left-alt: solid #999999 .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-themetint: 102; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themetint: 102; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themetint: 102; mso-border-top-alt: solid #999999 .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-themetint: 102; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 45.0pt;" valign="top" width="60">
<h2 align="center" style="mso-outline-level: 2; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">1</span></h2>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #999999 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #999999 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #999999 .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-bottom-themetint: 102; mso-border-left-alt: solid #999999 .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-themetint: 102; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themetint: 102; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themetint: 102; mso-border-top-alt: solid #999999 .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-themetint: 102; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 103.5pt;" valign="top" width="138">
<div align="left" class="MsoCaption" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Salah
satu staff penting dalam tim meninggalkan proyek</span></div>
</td>
<td colspan="3" style="border-bottom: solid #999999 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #999999 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #999999 .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-bottom-themetint: 102; mso-border-left-alt: solid #999999 .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-themetint: 102; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themetint: 102; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themetint: 102; mso-border-top-alt: solid #999999 .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-themetint: 102; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 3.25in;" valign="top" width="312">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l2 level2 lfo25; tab-stops: list 15.95pt; text-indent: -65.05pt;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Tingkatkan
kolaborasi</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l2 level2 lfo25; tab-stops: list 15.95pt; text-indent: -65.05pt;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Lakukan rolling</span><span style="line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l2 level2 lfo25; tab-stops: list 15.95pt; text-indent: -65.05pt;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Tukar informasi</span><span style="line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 17;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid #999999 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid #999999 .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themetint: 102; mso-border-themetint: 102; mso-border-top-alt: solid #999999 .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-themetint: 102; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 49.25pt;" valign="top" width="66">
<h2 align="center" style="mso-outline-level: 2; mso-yfti-cnfc: 4; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">7</span></h2>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #999999 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #999999 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #999999 .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-bottom-themetint: 102; mso-border-left-alt: solid #999999 .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-themetint: 102; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themetint: 102; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themetint: 102; mso-border-top-alt: solid #999999 .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-themetint: 102; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 40.5pt;" valign="top" width="54">
<h2 align="center" style="mso-outline-level: 2; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">-</span></h2>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #999999 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #999999 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #999999 .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-bottom-themetint: 102; mso-border-left-alt: solid #999999 .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-themetint: 102; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themetint: 102; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themetint: 102; mso-border-top-alt: solid #999999 .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-themetint: 102; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 45.0pt;" valign="top" width="60">
<h2 align="center" style="mso-outline-level: 2; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">1</span></h2>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #999999 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #999999 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #999999 .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-bottom-themetint: 102; mso-border-left-alt: solid #999999 .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-themetint: 102; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themetint: 102; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themetint: 102; mso-border-top-alt: solid #999999 .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-themetint: 102; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 103.5pt;" valign="top" width="138">
<div align="left" class="MsoCaption" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Mengembangkan
fungsi software yang salah</span></div>
</td>
<td colspan="3" style="border-bottom: solid #999999 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #999999 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #999999 .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-bottom-themetint: 102; mso-border-left-alt: solid #999999 .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-themetint: 102; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themetint: 102; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themetint: 102; mso-border-top-alt: solid #999999 .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-themetint: 102; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 3.25in;" valign="top" width="312">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 15.95pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l2 level2 lfo25; tab-stops: list 15.95pt; text-indent: -9.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Evaluasi
proyek ditingkatkan</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 15.95pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l2 level2 lfo25; tab-stops: list 15.95pt; text-indent: -9.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Buat
metode spesifikasi yang formal</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 15.95pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l2 level2 lfo25; tab-stops: list 15.95pt; text-indent: -9.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Survey
pengguna</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 15.95pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l2 level2 lfo25; tab-stops: list 15.95pt; text-indent: -9.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Buat prototype</span><span style="line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 15.95pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l2 level2 lfo25; tab-stops: list 15.95pt; text-indent: -9.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Buat user manual lebih awal</span><span style="line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 18;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid #999999 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid #999999 .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themetint: 102; mso-border-themetint: 102; mso-border-top-alt: solid #999999 .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-themetint: 102; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 49.25pt;" valign="top" width="66">
<h2 align="center" style="mso-outline-level: 2; mso-yfti-cnfc: 4; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">8</span></h2>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #999999 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #999999 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #999999 .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-bottom-themetint: 102; mso-border-left-alt: solid #999999 .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-themetint: 102; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themetint: 102; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themetint: 102; mso-border-top-alt: solid #999999 .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-themetint: 102; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 40.5pt;" valign="top" width="54">
<h2 align="center" style="mso-outline-level: 2; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">-</span></h2>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #999999 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #999999 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #999999 .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-bottom-themetint: 102; mso-border-left-alt: solid #999999 .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-themetint: 102; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themetint: 102; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themetint: 102; mso-border-top-alt: solid #999999 .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-themetint: 102; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 45.0pt;" valign="top" width="60">
<h2 align="center" style="mso-outline-level: 2; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">1</span></h2>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #999999 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #999999 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #999999 .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-bottom-themetint: 102; mso-border-left-alt: solid #999999 .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-themetint: 102; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themetint: 102; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themetint: 102; mso-border-top-alt: solid #999999 .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-themetint: 102; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 103.5pt;" valign="top" width="138">
<div align="left" class="MsoCaption" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Mengembangkan
antarmuka pengguna yang salah</span></div>
</td>
<td colspan="3" style="border-bottom: solid #999999 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #999999 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #999999 .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-bottom-themetint: 102; mso-border-left-alt: solid #999999 .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-themetint: 102; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themetint: 102; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themetint: 102; mso-border-top-alt: solid #999999 .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-themetint: 102; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 3.25in;" valign="top" width="312">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l2 level2 lfo25; tab-stops: list 15.95pt; text-indent: -65.05pt;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Membuat
prototype</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l2 level2 lfo25; tab-stops: list 15.95pt; text-indent: -65.05pt;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Analisis tugas</span><span style="line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l2 level2 lfo25; tab-stops: list 15.95pt; text-indent: -65.05pt;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Keterlibatan pengguna</span><span style="line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 19;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid #999999 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid #999999 .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themetint: 102; mso-border-themetint: 102; mso-border-top-alt: solid #999999 .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-themetint: 102; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 49.25pt;" valign="top" width="66">
<h2 align="center" style="mso-outline-level: 2; mso-yfti-cnfc: 4; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">9</span></h2>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #999999 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #999999 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #999999 .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-bottom-themetint: 102; mso-border-left-alt: solid #999999 .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-themetint: 102; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themetint: 102; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themetint: 102; mso-border-top-alt: solid #999999 .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-themetint: 102; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 40.5pt;" valign="top" width="54">
<h2 align="center" style="mso-outline-level: 2; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">-</span></h2>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #999999 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #999999 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #999999 .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-bottom-themetint: 102; mso-border-left-alt: solid #999999 .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-themetint: 102; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themetint: 102; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themetint: 102; mso-border-top-alt: solid #999999 .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-themetint: 102; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 45.0pt;" valign="top" width="60">
<h2 align="center" style="mso-outline-level: 2; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">1</span></h2>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #999999 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #999999 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #999999 .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-bottom-themetint: 102; mso-border-left-alt: solid #999999 .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-themetint: 102; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themetint: 102; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themetint: 102; mso-border-top-alt: solid #999999 .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-themetint: 102; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 103.5pt;" valign="top" width="138">
<div align="left" class="MsoCaption" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Terlambat
untuk mengubah kebutuhan</span></div>
</td>
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 15.95pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l2 level2 lfo25; tab-stops: list 15.95pt; text-indent: -9.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Mengubah
prosedur kendali</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 15.95pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l2 level2 lfo25; tab-stops: list 15.95pt; text-indent: -9.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Membatasi
perubahan yang terlalu banyak</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 15.95pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l2 level2 lfo25; tab-stops: list 15.95pt; text-indent: -9.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Meningkatkan prototype</span><span style="line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 15.95pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l2 level2 lfo25; tab-stops: list 15.95pt; text-indent: -9.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Meningkatkan pengembangan
(akibat perubahan)</span><span style="line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"></span></div>
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<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 20; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
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<span style="font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">10</span></h2>
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<h2 align="center" style="mso-outline-level: 2; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">-</span></h2>
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<td style="border-bottom: solid #999999 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #999999 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #999999 .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-bottom-themetint: 102; mso-border-left-alt: solid #999999 .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-themetint: 102; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themetint: 102; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themetint: 102; mso-border-top-alt: solid #999999 .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-themetint: 102; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 45.0pt;" valign="top" width="60">
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<span style="font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">1</span></h2>
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<span style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Gold
plating</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Mengurangi
kebutuhan</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 15.95pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l2 level2 lfo25; tab-stops: list 15.95pt; text-indent: -9.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Membuat
prototype</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 15.95pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l2 level2 lfo25; tab-stops: list 15.95pt; text-indent: -9.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Analisis biaya manfaat</span><span style="line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 15.95pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l2 level2 lfo25; tab-stops: list 15.95pt; text-indent: -9.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Desain biaya</span><span style="line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"></span></div>
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</tr>
<tr height="0">
<td style="border: none;" width="66"><br /></td>
<td style="border: none;" width="54"><br /></td>
<td style="border: none;" width="60"><br /></td>
<td style="border: none;" width="138"><br /></td>
<td style="border: none;" width="96"><br /></td>
<td style="border: none;" width="118"><br /></td>
<td style="border: none;" width="98"><br /></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h2>
<span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"> </span></h2>
</div>
jujurhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05687765228352366156noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2068584858024834626.post-43954119299082447902016-04-05T09:57:00.003-07:002016-04-05T09:57:18.557-07:00Project Charter<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<h3 align="center" style="text-align: center;">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="_Toc160542241"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt;">Daftar Isi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt;"></span></h3>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-outline-level: 1; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoToc3" style="tab-stops: right dotted 431.5pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><span style="mso-no-proof: yes;"><span style="mso-bidi-language: #EC48;">Daftar Isi</span><span style="color: windowtext; display: none; mso-hide: screen; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1 dotted;"> </span></span><span style="color: windowtext; display: none; mso-hide: screen; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">1</span><span style="color: windowtext; display: none; mso-hide: screen; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"></span></span></span><span style="mso-no-proof: yes;"></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoToc3" style="tab-stops: right dotted 431.5pt;">
<span class="MsoHyperlink"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-no-proof: yes;"><span style="mso-bidi-language: #EC48;">Project
Charter</span><span style="color: windowtext; display: none; mso-hide: screen; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1 dotted;"> </span></span><span style="color: windowtext; display: none; mso-hide: screen; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">2</span><span style="color: windowtext; display: none; mso-hide: screen; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"></span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-no-proof: yes;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoToc3" style="tab-stops: right dotted 431.5pt;">
<span class="MsoHyperlink"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-no-proof: yes;"><span style="mso-bidi-language: #EC48;">TranSoft’s
Business Case</span><span style="color: windowtext; display: none; mso-hide: screen; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1 dotted;">. </span></span><span style="color: windowtext; display: none; mso-hide: screen; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">4</span><span style="color: windowtext; display: none; mso-hide: screen; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"></span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-no-proof: yes;"></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-outline-level: 1; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: #EC48; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><br clear="all" style="page-break-before: always;" />
</span></b>
<h3 align="center" style="text-align: center;">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="_Toc160542242"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt;">Project Charter</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt;"></span></h3>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 117.0pt 1.75in;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Judul
Proyek</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"> <span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>:<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">TranSoft</b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 6.0pt; tab-stops: 117.0pt 1.75in 3.0in;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Tanggal
Mulai Proyek</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>10
Februari 2007</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 6.0pt; tab-stops: 117.0pt 1.75in 3.0in;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Tanggal
Akhir Proyek</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"> <span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>: 10 Mei 2007</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 117.0pt 1.75in;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Nomor Kontrak<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span></b><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: SV;">:<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>........</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 117.0pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Informasi Anggaran<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span></b><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: SV;">:
Perusahaan 2ndKribo menganggarkan </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Rp
212.000.000</span><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: SV;">,- untuk proyek ini. Biaya teralokasi untuk pekerjaan </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">manajer proyek sekitar 10 jam per
minggu selama empat bulan, staf internal lainnya 5@10 jam per minggu selama
empat bulan, dan </span><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: SV;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>untuk instalasi
software di seluruh cabang perusahaan transportasi yang memberi proyek.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 6.0pt; tab-stops: 117.0pt 1.75in;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Manajer
Proyek</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>:<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Achmad
Zaky Syaifudin</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 6.0pt; tab-stops: 117.0pt 1.75in;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Tujuan
Proyek</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>: Membuat aplikasi berbasis web
service untuk membantu mengelola pelayanan transaksi perusahaan transportasi
dengan metode baru (melalui web) dalam peningkatan pelayanan customer secara
lebih cepat dan efisien. Software ini akan mencakup beberapa fitur yang bisa
digunakan oleh user (calon customer perusahaan transportasi) antara lain :
reservasi penumpang, penitipan barang, penyewaan kendaraan yang semuanya dapat
dilakukan secara online. Juga tambahan fitur penjadwalan otomatis untuk
membantu customer melihat jadwal dan fitur “Lihat posisi Kendaraan” untuk
memudahkan customer maupun perusahaan dalam memantau posisi kendaraan. Beberapa
bagian web bebas diakses publik, sedangkan bagian lainnya hanya dapat diakses
oleh pegawai perusahaan yang berwenang.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 6.0pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Pendekatan</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">:</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list .25in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Melakukan
pertemuan langsung dengan klien (pihak perusahaan transport) untuk mendapatkan
requirement-requirement yang dibutuhkan.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list .25in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Melakukan
review terhadap template internal dan eksternal serta contoh-contoh dokumen
manajemen proyek</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list .25in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Melakukan
riset perangkat lunak untuk menyediakan jaminan keamanan dan mengelola input
dari user.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list .25in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Mengembangkan
software dengan pendekatan iteratif, mengumpulkan umpan balik dari user.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Peranan
dan Tanggung Jawab</span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 480;">
<thead>
<tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;">
<td style="background: silver; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 77.4pt;" width="103">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Nama</span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="background: silver; border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 81.0pt;" width="108">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Peranan</span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="background: silver; border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 123.85pt;" width="165">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Posisi</span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="background: silver; border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 164.15pt;" width="219">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Informasi
Kontak</span></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 1;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 77.4pt;" valign="top" width="103">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Achmad
Zaky</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 81.0pt;" valign="top" width="108">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Project
Manager</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 123.85pt;" valign="top" width="165">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">2ndKribo,</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Project
Manager</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 164.15pt;" valign="top" width="219">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><a href="mailto:if14076@students.if.itb.ac.id">if14076@students.if.itb.ac.id</a></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 2;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 77.4pt;" valign="top" width="103">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Dadan
Ramdan Mangunpraja</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 81.0pt;" valign="top" width="108">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Anggota
Tim</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 123.85pt;" valign="top" width="165">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">2ndKribo,
</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Software
Analyst</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 164.15pt;" valign="top" width="219">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><a href="mailto:if14087@students.if.itb.ac.id">if14087@students.if.itb.ac.id</a></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 3;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 77.4pt;" valign="top" width="103">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">M.
Fajrin Rasyid</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 81.0pt;" valign="top" width="108">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Anggota
tim</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 123.85pt;" valign="top" width="165">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">2ndKribo,
</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Software
Developer (progammer)</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 164.15pt;" valign="top" width="219">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><a href="mailto:if14055@students.if.itb.ac.id">if14055@students.if.itb.ac.id</a></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 4;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 77.4pt;" valign="top" width="103">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Nashirudin
Anwar</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 81.0pt;" valign="top" width="108">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Anggota
Tim</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 123.85pt;" valign="top" width="165">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">2ndKribo,
</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Software
Developer (progammer)</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 164.15pt;" valign="top" width="219">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><a href="mailto:if14086@students.if.itb.ac.id">if14086@students.if.itb.ac.id</a></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 5;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 77.4pt;" valign="top" width="103">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Ardian
Franindo</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 81.0pt;" valign="top" width="108">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Anggota
Tim</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 123.85pt;" valign="top" width="165">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">2ndKribo,
</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Software
Developer (progammer) </span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 164.15pt;" valign="top" width="219">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><a href="mailto:if14106@students.if.itb.ac.id">if14106@students.if.itb.ac.id</a></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 6;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 77.4pt;" valign="top" width="103">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Fitrasani</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 81.0pt;" valign="top" width="108">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Anggota
Tim</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 123.85pt;" valign="top" width="165">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">2ndKribo,
</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Software
Developer (progammer), dokumentator</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 164.15pt;" valign="top" width="219">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><a href="mailto:if14108@students.if.itb.ac.id">if14108@students.if.itb.ac.id</a></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 7;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 77.4pt;" valign="top" width="103">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Ridwan</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 81.0pt;" valign="top" width="108">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">User</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 123.85pt;" valign="top" width="165">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Representatif
klien</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 164.15pt;" valign="top" width="219">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><a href="mailto:rid_one135@yahoo.com">rid_one135@yahoo.com</a> </span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 8; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 77.4pt;" valign="top" width="103">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Miridhani
R.</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 81.0pt;" valign="top" width="108">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">User</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 123.85pt;" valign="top" width="165">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Representatif
klien</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 164.15pt;" valign="top" width="219">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><a href="mailto:oprincipessa@yahoo.com">oprincipessa@yahoo.com</a> </span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: #EC48; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><br clear="all" style="page-break-before: always;" />
</span></b>
<h3 align="center" style="text-align: center;">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="_Toc160542243"><span style="font-family: "OCR A Extended"; font-size: 16.0pt;">TranSoft</span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc160542243;"><span style="font-size: 16.0pt;">’s Business
Case</span></span><span style="font-size: 16.0pt;"></span></h3>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-element: para-border-div; padding: 0in 0in 1.0pt 0in;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="border: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 0in 0in 1.0pt 0in; padding: 0in;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">1. Introduction/Background</b></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Tujuan
utama bisnis perusahaan-perusahaan transportasi yang ada saat ini yaitu untuk
memberikan layanan jasa transportasi dalam hal sewa kendaraan kepada konsumen
maupun pihak terkait yang ingin mengirimkan barang dan tentunya untuk
memperoleh keuntungan yang sebanyak-banyaknya atas jasa yang diberikan dengan
tetap memperhatikan efektifitas kerja. Untuk mencapai tujuan tersebut, pada umumnya
pemimpin perusahaan transportasi memutuskan untuk menggunakan teknologi
informasi yang berupa sistem aplikasi layanan transportasi agar dapat
memberikan kemudahan pengaksesan layanan jasa transportasi oleh konsumen.
Dengan demikian, perusahaan tersebut dapat memperoleh peningkatan jumlah dan
kepuasan konsumen serta meningkatkan daya saing perusahaan diantara perusahaan
transportasi lain. </span></div>
<div style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-element: para-border-div; padding: 0in 0in 1.0pt 0in;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="border: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 0in 0in 1.0pt 0in; padding: 0in;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">2. Business Objective</b></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Selama
ini kebanyakan perusahaan jasa transportasi kurang memiliki manajemen yang
baik. Dengan adanya aplikasi ini diharapkan perusahaan jasa transportasi bisa
bekerja lebih efektif dengan peningkatan manajemen. Selain itu aksi-aksi yang
tadinya dilakukan secara manual bisa dilakukan secara otomatis oleh komputer.
Tidak hanya itu, perusahaan jasa transportasi selama ini juga kurang
memperhatikan segi pelayanan. Dengan aplikasi terkomputerisasi, mereka bisa
meningkatkan pelayanan baik kepada konsumen langsung atau kepada perusahaan
lain seperti jasa kurir. Selain itu, penggunaan teknologi informasi diharapkan
dapat meningkatkan efektifitas kerja pegawai sehingga dalam mengembangkan
bisnis, perusahaan tidak perlu menambah jumlah pegawai yang cukup besar.</span></div>
<div style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-element: para-border-div; padding: 0in 0in 1.0pt 0in;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="border: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 0in 0in 1.0pt 0in; padding: 0in;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">3. Current Situation and Problem/Opportunity Statement</b></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Seperti
yang sudah dijelaskan di atas bahwa kebanyakan perusahaan jasa transportasi
tidak memiliki manajemen yang baik. Mereka masih menggunakan sistem pencatatan
manual sehingga sangat tidak efektif. Tidak hanya itu, sistem informasi
reservasi juga masih menggunakan cara-cara konvensional seperti menggunakan
radio/telepon. Ada
banyak masalah seperti di atas yang menjadikan banyak kesempatan untuk membuat
aplikasi terkomputerisasi. Sehingga diharapkan perusahaan jasa transportasi
yang menggunakan aplikasi ini bisa lebih efektif dengan manajemen yang terkomputerisasi.</span></div>
<div style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-element: para-border-div; padding: 0in 0in 1.0pt 0in;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="border: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 0in 0in 1.0pt 0in; padding: 0in;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">4. Critical Assumption and Constraints</b></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Sistem
aplikasi layanan transportasi harus dapat memberikan manfaat yang signifikan
bagi perusahaan dalam hal efektifitas bisnis dan konsumen dalam hal kemudahan
memperoleh akses reservasi jasa transportasi serta informasi tentang kendaraan
yang telah disewa. Konsumen dapat melakukan reservasi hanya dengan via sms
maupun online. Oleh karena itu, sistem harus mudah diakses oleh konsumen maupun
selalu sedia dalam menerima layanan sms dari klien. Sistem selalu bekerja
dengan baik tanpa adanya hambatan yang bersifat teknis maupun personal (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">human error</i>). Pemimpin perusahaan harus
selalu sigap atas adanya permasalahan yang mengganggu kinerja sistem khususnya
yang berhubungan dengan layanan terhadap klien. Sistem harus dapat dijalankan
pada hardware dan software yang sudah ada, dan dapat meminimasi kebutuhan
dukungan teknis.</span></div>
<div style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-element: para-border-div; padding: 0in 0in 1.0pt 0in;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="border: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 0in 0in 1.0pt 0in; padding: 0in;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">5. Analysis of Options and Recommendation</b></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Terdapat
tiga opsi untuk oportuniti tersebut: </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .25in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Tidak
adanya layanan TranSoft tidak mempengaruhi dari bisnis perusahaan terkait,</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .25in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Penggunaan
perangkat lunak khusus diminimalisasi.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .25in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Melakukan
perancangan dan implementasi dari layanan ini dengan menggunakan perangkat
keras dan perangkat lunak yang telah ada.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-element: para-border-div; padding: 0in 0in 1.0pt 0in;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="border: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 0in 0in 1.0pt 0in; padding: 0in;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">6. Preliminary Project Requirements</b></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Fitur
utama dari proyek TranSoft mencakup: </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list .25in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Penggunaan
reservasi melalui SMS membutuhkan sebuah aplikasi dan perangkat khusus untuk
pengolahan data yang masuk lewat sms dari calon pelanggan dari layanan ini.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list .25in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Pada
fitur pemesanan kendaraan calon pelanggan harus mengetahui informasi-informasi
ketersediaan kendaraan yang ada beserta para pengendara yang disediakan oleh
perusahaan.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list .25in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Pada
fitur Delivery Express informasi mengenai jadwal keberangkatan menjadi lebih
diutamakan lagi karena adanya batasan-batasan khusus pada pengiriman barang,
seperti jadwal keberangkatan, jadwal kedatangan dan ketersediaan unit kendaraan
untuk menampung paket-paket yang akan dikirimkan.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list .25in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Adanya
fitur <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">update</i> posisi dari unit
kendaraan yang berjalan membutuhkan sebuah jalur informasi yang pasti dan
teratur. Oleh karena itu setiap kali unit kendaraan melewati pos-pos pengecekan
tertentu petugas pada pos tersebut harus segera memberitahukan status kendaraan
yang telah diperiksa ke pusat.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list .25in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Adanya
link-link yang terkait dengan proyek ini untuk membantu kemudahan pengguna
dalam mengakses.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list .25in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">6.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Tersedianya
layanan –layanan pembayaran yang digunakan pengguna apabila ingin melakukan
pemesanan. Pembayaran dapat dilakukan dengan kartu kredit atau melalui transfer
bank. Pembayaran dengan kartu kredit mengharuskan adanya kebutuhan autentikasi
dari kartu pengguna dengan menghubungkan secara langsung dengan pihak penyedia
layanan kredit.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list .25in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">7.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Keamanan
dari situs yang layak menjadi faktor penting dari pengaksesan layanan ini.
Selain itu harus diperhitungkan aplikasi yang dapat secara mudah dimengerti
oleh user dengan navigasi yang sederhana namun terstruktur.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list .25in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">8.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Tersedianya
customer Services yang dapat secara interaktif diakses oleh pengguna untuk
membantu apabila pengguna merasa kesulitan menggunakan layanan ini.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list .25in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">9.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Fitur
lain yang disarankan oleh pengguna.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-element: para-border-div; padding: 0in 0in 1.0pt 0in;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="border: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 0in 0in 1.0pt 0in; padding: 0in;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">7. Budget Estimate and Financial Analysis</b></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Estimasi
biaya proyek sebesar Rp 212.000.000,-. Kisaran tersebut didasarkan pada waktu
yang diluangkan anggota tim (termasuk project manager) untuk mengerjakan proyek
10 jam per minggu selama 4 bulan dengan bayaran Rp 200.000,-/jam (untuk project
manager) dan Rp 100.000,-/jam untuk 5 staf lainnya. </span><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-symbol-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Wingdings;">à</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"> total 10 jam x 4 minggu x 4
bulan x (Rp 200.000,- + 5 x @Rp 100.000,-)<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>= Rp 112.000.000,-</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Selain
itu saat software dibuat diperlukan biaya untuk menginstalasi software dan
pemasangan jaringan di seluruh cabang perusahaan (asumsi ada 20 cabang). Biaya
tersebut sebesar Rp 5.000.000,- di tiap cabang, total Rp 100.000.000,- untuk
seluruh cabang.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Setelah
proyek selesai, diperlukan adanya biaya untuk koneksi jaringan dan maintenance
tiap tahun sebesar Rp 72.000.000,-. Selain itu karena adanya fitur tambahan
pada aplikasi ini berupa pengecekan posisi kendaraan, maka diperlukan adanya
biaya untuk komunikasi sebesar Rp 30.000.000,- tiap tahunan. Total biaya
tahunannya sebesar Rp102.000.000,-.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Benefit
yang diperoleh perusahaan dengan menggunakan aplikasi ini berasal dari
berkurangnya tenaga operasional perusahaan untuk menangani reservasi. Jika
menggunakan cara konvensional (reservasi langsung), perusahaan membutuhkan
paling tidak 1 pegawai di tiap cabang untuk hal tersebut, sedangkan setelah
menggunakan aplikasi ini, perusahaan cukup menggunakan 2-3 orang yang mengelola
reservasi secara terpusat (cabang-cabang perusahaan tidak membutuhkannya),
sehingga perusahaan menghemat tenaga kerja sebanyak ± 17 orang. Total
penghematan tersebut (dalam bentuk rupiah) yang diproyeksikan tiap tahunnya
adalah 17 orang @12 bulan x Rp 1.200.000,-/ bulan = Rp 244.800.000,- </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Exhibit A memberikan ringkasan
biaya proyek dan manfaat serta menunjukkan estimasi Net Present Value (NPV),
Return of Investment (ROI), dan tahun terjadinya payback. Juga terdapat daftar
asumsi yang dibuat dalam menyusun analisis finansial awal ini.. Estimasi
payback adalah dalam satu tahun, NPV bernilai Rp </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">156.424.000</span><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: SV;">, dan Discounted ROI untuk
sistem dengan masa hidup tiga tahun adalah tepat 112 persen.</span></div>
<div style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-element: para-border-div; padding: 0in 0in 1.0pt 0in;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="border: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 0in 0in 1.0pt 0in; padding: 0in;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language: SV;">8. Schedule Estimate</span></b></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">User
menginginkan proyek diselesaikan dalam waktu enam bulan, tapi terdapat beberapa
fleksibilitas dalam jadwal.</span><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: SV;"></span></div>
<div style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-element: para-border-div; padding: 0in 0in 1.0pt 0in;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="border: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 0in 0in 1.0pt 0in; padding: 0in;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language: SV;">9. Potential Risks</span></b></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Terdapat beberapa risiko pada
proyek ini. Risiko terbesar adalah kesalahan dalam memasukan data input oleh
pengguna untuk mengumpulkan informasi kedalam sistem ini dan pengguna terkadang
lupa untuk memasukan input tentang informasi terbaru, misalkan agen lupa
memasukan posisi kendaraan apabila telah melewati kantor agen tersebut. Risiko
terdapat pada sistem reservasi apabila terdapat pelanggan yang melakukan
tindakan iseng dengan memesan kendaraan secara masal yang akhirnya tidak jadi
membeli. Dengan adanya sistem reservasi melalui sms juga dapat menimbulkan
resiko kesalahan pengguna dalam mengetikan pemesanan dan adanya sistem baru ini
terdapar rasa ketidakpercayaan apakah pesanannya telah terkirin ke sistem.
Terdapat beberapa risiko teknis dalam memilih tipe software yang digunakan
untuk search pada sistem, pemeriksaan keamanan, proses pembayaran, dan
lain-lain. Risiko bisnis utama adalah apakah sistem ini merupakan sistem yang
tepat guna sehingga perusahaan tidak merasa rugi dalam menginvestasikan waktu dan
uang pada proyek dan dapat memperoleh manfaat yang diinginkan.</span></div>
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><br clear="all" style="page-break-before: always;" />
</span></b>
<div style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-element: para-border-div; padding: 0in 0in 1.0pt 0in;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="border: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 0in 0in 1.0pt 0in; padding: 0in;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">10. Exhibits</b><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language: SV;"></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="border-collapse: collapse; margin-left: 5.4pt; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 603px;">
<tbody>
<tr style="height: 13.45pt; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;">
<td nowrap="" style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 13.45pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 156.4pt;" valign="bottom" width="209">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Tingkat Diskon</span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 13.45pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 59.15pt;" valign="bottom" width="79">
<div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; line-height: 115%;">7%</span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 13.45pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 59.15pt;" valign="bottom" width="79">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 13.45pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 59.15pt;" valign="bottom" width="79">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 13.45pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 59.15pt;" valign="bottom" width="79">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 13.45pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 59.15pt;" valign="bottom" width="79">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 13.45pt; mso-yfti-irow: 1;">
<td nowrap="" style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 13.45pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 156.4pt;" valign="bottom" width="209">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Tahoma","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Asumsi :</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Tahoma","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>proyek
diselesaikan dalam 4 bulan</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td colspan="5" nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.45pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 295.75pt;" valign="bottom" width="394">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Tahun</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 13.45pt; mso-yfti-irow: 2;">
<td nowrap="" style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 13.45pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 156.4pt;" valign="bottom" width="209">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.45pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 59.15pt;" valign="bottom" width="79">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; line-height: 115%;">0</span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.45pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 59.15pt;" valign="bottom" width="79">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; line-height: 115%;">1</span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.45pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 59.15pt;" valign="bottom" width="79">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; line-height: 115%;">2</span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.45pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 59.15pt;" valign="bottom" width="79">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; line-height: 115%;">3</span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.45pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 59.15pt;" valign="bottom" width="79">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 13.45pt; mso-yfti-irow: 3;">
<td nowrap="" style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 13.45pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 156.4pt;" valign="bottom" width="209">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Cost</span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.45pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 59.15pt;" valign="bottom" width="79">
<div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; line-height: 115%;">212000000</span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.45pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 59.15pt;" valign="bottom" width="79">
<div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; line-height: 115%;">102000000</span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.45pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 59.15pt;" valign="bottom" width="79">
<div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; line-height: 115%;">102000000</span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.45pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 59.15pt;" valign="bottom" width="79">
<div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; line-height: 115%;">102000000</span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.45pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 59.15pt;" valign="bottom" width="79">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 13.45pt; mso-yfti-irow: 4;">
<td nowrap="" style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 13.45pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 156.4pt;" valign="bottom" width="209">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> Discount factor</span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.45pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 59.15pt;" valign="bottom" width="79">
<div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; line-height: 115%;">1</span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.45pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 59.15pt;" valign="bottom" width="79">
<div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; line-height: 115%;">0.93</span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.45pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 59.15pt;" valign="bottom" width="79">
<div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; line-height: 115%;">0.86</span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.45pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 59.15pt;" valign="bottom" width="79">
<div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; line-height: 115%;">0.79</span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.45pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 59.15pt;" valign="bottom" width="79">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 13.45pt; mso-yfti-irow: 5;">
<td nowrap="" style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 13.45pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 156.4pt;" valign="bottom" width="209">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Discounted cost</span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.45pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 59.15pt;" valign="bottom" width="79">
<div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; line-height: 115%;">212000000</span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.45pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 59.15pt;" valign="bottom" width="79">
<div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; line-height: 115%;">94860000</span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.45pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 59.15pt;" valign="bottom" width="79">
<div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; line-height: 115%;">87720000</span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.45pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 59.15pt;" valign="bottom" width="79">
<div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; line-height: 115%;">80580000</span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.45pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 59.15pt;" valign="bottom" width="79">
<div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; line-height: 115%;">475160000</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 13.45pt; mso-yfti-irow: 6;">
<td nowrap="" style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 13.45pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 156.4pt;" valign="bottom" width="209">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.45pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 59.15pt;" valign="bottom" width="79">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.45pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 59.15pt;" valign="bottom" width="79">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.45pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 59.15pt;" valign="bottom" width="79">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.45pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 59.15pt;" valign="bottom" width="79">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.45pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 59.15pt;" valign="bottom" width="79">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 13.45pt; mso-yfti-irow: 7;">
<td nowrap="" style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 13.45pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 156.4pt;" valign="bottom" width="209">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.45pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 59.15pt;" valign="bottom" width="79">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.45pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 59.15pt;" valign="bottom" width="79">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.45pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 59.15pt;" valign="bottom" width="79">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.45pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 59.15pt;" valign="bottom" width="79">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.45pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 59.15pt;" valign="bottom" width="79">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 13.45pt; mso-yfti-irow: 8;">
<td nowrap="" style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 13.45pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 156.4pt;" valign="bottom" width="209">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Benefit</span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.45pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 59.15pt;" valign="bottom" width="79">
<div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; line-height: 115%;">0</span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.45pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 59.15pt;" valign="bottom" width="79">
<div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; line-height: 115%;">244800000</span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.45pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 59.15pt;" valign="bottom" width="79">
<div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; line-height: 115%;">244800000</span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.45pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 59.15pt;" valign="bottom" width="79">
<div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; line-height: 115%;">244800000</span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.45pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 59.15pt;" valign="bottom" width="79">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 13.45pt; mso-yfti-irow: 9;">
<td nowrap="" style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 13.45pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 156.4pt;" valign="bottom" width="209">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> Discount factor</span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.45pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 59.15pt;" valign="bottom" width="79">
<div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; line-height: 115%;">1</span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.45pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 59.15pt;" valign="bottom" width="79">
<div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; line-height: 115%;">0.93</span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.45pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 59.15pt;" valign="bottom" width="79">
<div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; line-height: 115%;">0.86</span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.45pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 59.15pt;" valign="bottom" width="79">
<div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; line-height: 115%;">0.79</span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.45pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 59.15pt;" valign="bottom" width="79">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 13.45pt; mso-yfti-irow: 10;">
<td nowrap="" style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 13.45pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 156.4pt;" valign="bottom" width="209">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Discounted benefit</span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.45pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 59.15pt;" valign="bottom" width="79">
<div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; line-height: 115%;">0</span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.45pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 59.15pt;" valign="bottom" width="79">
<div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; line-height: 115%;">227664000</span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.45pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 59.15pt;" valign="bottom" width="79">
<div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; line-height: 115%;">210528000</span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.45pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 59.15pt;" valign="bottom" width="79">
<div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; line-height: 115%;">193392000</span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.45pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 59.15pt;" valign="bottom" width="79">
<div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; line-height: 115%;">631584000</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 13.45pt; mso-yfti-irow: 11;">
<td nowrap="" style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 13.45pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 156.4pt;" valign="bottom" width="209">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.45pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 59.15pt;" valign="bottom" width="79">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.45pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 59.15pt;" valign="bottom" width="79">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.45pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 59.15pt;" valign="bottom" width="79">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.45pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 59.15pt;" valign="bottom" width="79">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.45pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 59.15pt;" valign="bottom" width="79">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 13.45pt; mso-yfti-irow: 12;">
<td nowrap="" style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 13.45pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 156.4pt;" valign="bottom" width="209">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Discounted benefit-cost</span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.45pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 59.15pt;" valign="bottom" width="79">
<div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; line-height: 115%;">-212000000</span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.45pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 59.15pt;" valign="bottom" width="79">
<div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; line-height: 115%;">132804000</span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.45pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 59.15pt;" valign="bottom" width="79">
<div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; line-height: 115%;">122808000</span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.45pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 59.15pt;" valign="bottom" width="79">
<div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; line-height: 115%;">112812000</span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.45pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 59.15pt;" valign="bottom" width="79">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 13.45pt; mso-yfti-irow: 13;">
<td nowrap="" style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 13.45pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 156.4pt;" valign="bottom" width="209">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Accumulated benefit-cost</span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.45pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 59.15pt;" valign="bottom" width="79">
<div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; line-height: 115%;">-212000000</span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.45pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 59.15pt;" valign="bottom" width="79">
<div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; line-height: 115%;">-79196000</span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.45pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 59.15pt;" valign="bottom" width="79">
<div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; line-height: 115%;">43612000</span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.45pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 59.15pt;" valign="bottom" width="79">
<div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; line-height: 115%;">156424000</span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.45pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 59.15pt;" valign="bottom" width="79">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 8.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-symbol-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Wingdings;">ß</span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; line-height: 115%;">NPV</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 13.45pt; mso-yfti-irow: 14;">
<td nowrap="" style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 13.45pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 156.4pt;" valign="bottom" width="209">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td colspan="5" nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.45pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 295.75pt;" valign="bottom" width="394">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; line-height: 115%;">payback
tiap tahun</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 13.45pt; mso-yfti-irow: 15;">
<td nowrap="" style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 13.45pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 156.4pt;" valign="bottom" width="209">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Tahoma","sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Discounted life cycle ROI </span><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 8.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-symbol-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Wingdings;">à</span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.45pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 59.15pt;" valign="bottom" width="79">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> 112%</span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.45pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 59.15pt;" valign="bottom" width="79">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.45pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 59.15pt;" valign="bottom" width="79">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.45pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 59.15pt;" valign="bottom" width="79">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.45pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 59.15pt;" valign="bottom" width="79">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 13.45pt; mso-yfti-irow: 16;">
<td nowrap="" style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 13.45pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 156.4pt;" valign="bottom" width="209">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.45pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 59.15pt;" valign="bottom" width="79">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.45pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 59.15pt;" valign="bottom" width="79">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.45pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 59.15pt;" valign="bottom" width="79">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.45pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 59.15pt;" valign="bottom" width="79">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.45pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 59.15pt;" valign="bottom" width="79">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 13.45pt; mso-yfti-irow: 17;">
<td nowrap="" style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 13.45pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 156.4pt;" valign="bottom" width="209">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Asumsi-asumsi :</span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.45pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 59.15pt;" valign="bottom" width="79">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.45pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 59.15pt;" valign="bottom" width="79">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.45pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 59.15pt;" valign="bottom" width="79">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.45pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 59.15pt;" valign="bottom" width="79">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.45pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 59.15pt;" valign="bottom" width="79">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 13.45pt; mso-yfti-irow: 18;">
<td nowrap="" style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 13.45pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 156.4pt;" valign="bottom" width="209">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Cost tahun pertama :</span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.45pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 59.15pt;" valign="bottom" width="79">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.45pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 59.15pt;" valign="bottom" width="79">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.45pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 59.15pt;" valign="bottom" width="79">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.45pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 59.15pt;" valign="bottom" width="79">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.45pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 59.15pt;" valign="bottom" width="79">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 13.45pt; mso-yfti-irow: 19;">
<td nowrap="" style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 13.45pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 156.4pt;" valign="bottom" width="209">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Project manager : </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; line-height: 115%;">160 jam x Rp 200.000,-/jam </span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.45pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 59.15pt;" valign="bottom" width="79">
<div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; line-height: 115%;">32000000</span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.45pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 59.15pt;" valign="bottom" width="79">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.45pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 59.15pt;" valign="bottom" width="79">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.45pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 59.15pt;" valign="bottom" width="79">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.45pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 59.15pt;" valign="bottom" width="79">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 13.45pt; mso-yfti-irow: 20;">
<td nowrap="" style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 13.45pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 156.4pt;" valign="bottom" width="209">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Staf lain 5@160 jam x Rp 100.000,-</span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.45pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 59.15pt;" valign="bottom" width="79">
<div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; line-height: 115%;">80000000</span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.45pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 59.15pt;" valign="bottom" width="79">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.45pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 59.15pt;" valign="bottom" width="79">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.45pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 59.15pt;" valign="bottom" width="79">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.45pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 59.15pt;" valign="bottom" width="79">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 13.45pt; mso-yfti-irow: 21;">
<td nowrap="" style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 13.45pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 156.4pt;" valign="bottom" width="209">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Biaya instalasi Software</span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.45pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 59.15pt;" valign="bottom" width="79">
<div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; line-height: 115%;">100000000</span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.45pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 59.15pt;" valign="bottom" width="79">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.45pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 59.15pt;" valign="bottom" width="79">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.45pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 59.15pt;" valign="bottom" width="79">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.45pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 59.15pt;" valign="bottom" width="79">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 13.45pt; mso-yfti-irow: 22;">
<td nowrap="" style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 13.45pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 156.4pt;" valign="bottom" width="209">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Total Cost tahun pertama</span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.45pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 59.15pt;" valign="bottom" width="79">
<div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; line-height: 115%;">212000000</span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.45pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 59.15pt;" valign="bottom" width="79">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.45pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 59.15pt;" valign="bottom" width="79">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.45pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 59.15pt;" valign="bottom" width="79">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.45pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 59.15pt;" valign="bottom" width="79">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 13.45pt; mso-yfti-irow: 23;">
<td nowrap="" style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 13.45pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 156.4pt;" valign="bottom" width="209">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.45pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 59.15pt;" valign="bottom" width="79">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.45pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 59.15pt;" valign="bottom" width="79">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.45pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 59.15pt;" valign="bottom" width="79">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.45pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 59.15pt;" valign="bottom" width="79">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.45pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 59.15pt;" valign="bottom" width="79">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 13.45pt; mso-yfti-irow: 24;">
<td nowrap="" style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 13.45pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 156.4pt;" valign="bottom" width="209">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Cost tahunan setelah proyek selesai :</span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.45pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 59.15pt;" valign="bottom" width="79">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.45pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 59.15pt;" valign="bottom" width="79">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.45pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 59.15pt;" valign="bottom" width="79">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.45pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 59.15pt;" valign="bottom" width="79">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.45pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 59.15pt;" valign="bottom" width="79">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 13.45pt; mso-yfti-irow: 25;">
<td nowrap="" style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 13.45pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 156.4pt;" valign="bottom" width="209">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; line-height: 115%;">maintenance & biaya koneksi jaringan</span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.45pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 59.15pt;" valign="bottom" width="79">
<div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; line-height: 115%;">72000000</span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.45pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 59.15pt;" valign="bottom" width="79">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.45pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 59.15pt;" valign="bottom" width="79">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.45pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 59.15pt;" valign="bottom" width="79">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.45pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 59.15pt;" valign="bottom" width="79">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 13.45pt; mso-yfti-irow: 26;">
<td nowrap="" style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 13.45pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 156.4pt;" valign="bottom" width="209">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; line-height: 115%;">biaya komunikasi</span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.45pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 59.15pt;" valign="bottom" width="79">
<div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; line-height: 115%;">30000000</span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.45pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 59.15pt;" valign="bottom" width="79">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.45pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 59.15pt;" valign="bottom" width="79">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.45pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 59.15pt;" valign="bottom" width="79">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.45pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 59.15pt;" valign="bottom" width="79">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 13.45pt; mso-yfti-irow: 27;">
<td nowrap="" style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 13.45pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 156.4pt;" valign="bottom" width="209">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Total cost tahunan</span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.45pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 59.15pt;" valign="bottom" width="79">
<div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; line-height: 115%;">102000000</span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.45pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 59.15pt;" valign="bottom" width="79">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.45pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 59.15pt;" valign="bottom" width="79">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.45pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 59.15pt;" valign="bottom" width="79">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.45pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 59.15pt;" valign="bottom" width="79">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 13.45pt; mso-yfti-irow: 28;">
<td nowrap="" style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 13.45pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 156.4pt;" valign="bottom" width="209">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.45pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 59.15pt;" valign="bottom" width="79">
<div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.45pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 59.15pt;" valign="bottom" width="79">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.45pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 59.15pt;" valign="bottom" width="79">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.45pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 59.15pt;" valign="bottom" width="79">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.45pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 59.15pt;" valign="bottom" width="79">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 13.45pt; mso-yfti-irow: 29;">
<td nowrap="" style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 13.45pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 156.4pt;" valign="bottom" width="209">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Benefit :</span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.45pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 59.15pt;" valign="bottom" width="79">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.45pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 59.15pt;" valign="bottom" width="79">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.45pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 59.15pt;" valign="bottom" width="79">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.45pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 59.15pt;" valign="bottom" width="79">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.45pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 59.15pt;" valign="bottom" width="79">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 13.45pt; mso-yfti-irow: 30;">
<td nowrap="" style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 13.45pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 156.4pt;" valign="bottom" width="209">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Penghematan pegawai</span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.45pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 59.15pt;" valign="bottom" width="79">
<div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; line-height: 115%;">17</span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.45pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 59.15pt;" valign="bottom" width="79">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.45pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 59.15pt;" valign="bottom" width="79">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.45pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 59.15pt;" valign="bottom" width="79">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.45pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 59.15pt;" valign="bottom" width="79">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 13.45pt; mso-yfti-irow: 31;">
<td nowrap="" style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 13.45pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 156.4pt;" valign="bottom" width="209">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Gaji 1 pegawai tiap bulan</span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.45pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 59.15pt;" valign="bottom" width="79">
<div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; line-height: 115%;">1200000</span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.45pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 59.15pt;" valign="bottom" width="79">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.45pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 59.15pt;" valign="bottom" width="79">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.45pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 59.15pt;" valign="bottom" width="79">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.45pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 59.15pt;" valign="bottom" width="79">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 13.45pt; mso-yfti-irow: 32;">
<td nowrap="" style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 13.45pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 156.4pt;" valign="bottom" width="209">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Total penghematan pegawai tiap tahun </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; line-height: 115%;">12 x 17 x Rp 1.200.000,-</span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.45pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 59.15pt;" valign="bottom" width="79">
<div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; line-height: 115%;">244800000</span></div>
</td>
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jujurhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05687765228352366156noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2068584858024834626.post-34056822989680747362016-04-05T09:56:00.001-07:002016-04-05T09:56:13.265-07:00Syntax of Mini-Pascal (Welsh & McKeag, 1980)<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Syntax in recursive descent order </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><<i>program</i>> </span><b><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">::=</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">program</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> <<i>identifier</i>> <b>;</b> <<i>block</i>> <b>.</b>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><<i>block</i>> </span><b><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">::=</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><<i>variable declaration part</i>>
<br />
<<i>procedure declaration part</i>> <br />
<<i>statement part</i>> </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><<i>variable declaration part</i>>
</span><b><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">::=</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><<i>empty</i>> | <br />
<b>var</b> <<i>variable declaration</i>> <b>;</b> <br />
{ <<i>variable declaration</i>> <b>;</b> } </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><<i>variable declaration</i>>
</span><b><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">::=</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><<i>identifier </i>> { <b>,</b>
<<i>identifier</i>> } <b>:</b> <<i>type</i>> </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><<i>simple type</i>> | <<i>array
type</i>> </span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">array</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> <b>[</b> <<i>index range</i>> <b>]</b> <b>of</b>
<<i>simple type</i>> </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><<i>integer constant</i>> <b>..</b>
<<i>integer constant</i>> </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><<i>simple type</i>> </span><b><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">::=</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><<i>type identifier</i>> </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><<i>type identifier</i>> </span><b><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">::=</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><<i>identifier</i>> </span></div>
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<hr align="center" size="2" width="100%" />
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><<i>procedure declaration part</i>>
</span><b><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">::=</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">{ <<i>procedure declaration</i>>
<b>;</b> } </span></div>
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</span><b><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">::=</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">procedure</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> <<i>identifier</i>> <b>;</b> <<i>block</i>> </span></div>
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<hr align="center" size="2" width="100%" />
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><<i>statement part</i>> </span><b><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">::=</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></div>
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<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;" valign="top">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><<i>compound statement</i>> </span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="mso-cellspacing: 1.5pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody>
<tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;" valign="top">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><<i>compound statement</i>> </span><b><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">::=</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;" valign="top">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">begin</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> <<i>statement</i>>{ <b>;</b> <<i>statement</i>>
} <b>end</b> </span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="mso-cellspacing: 1.5pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody>
<tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;" valign="top">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><<i>statement</i>> </span><b><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">::=</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;" valign="top">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><<i>simple statement</i>> |
<<i>structured statement</i>> </span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">
<hr align="center" size="2" width="100%" />
</span></div>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="mso-cellspacing: 1.5pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody>
<tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;" valign="top">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><<i>simple statement</i>> </span><b><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">::=</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;" valign="top">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><<i>assignment statement</i>>
| <<i>procedure statement</i>> | <br />
<<i>read statement</i>> | <<i>write statement</i>> </span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="mso-cellspacing: 1.5pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody>
<tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;" valign="top">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><<i>assignment statement</i>>
</span><b><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">::=</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;" valign="top">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><<i>variable</i>> </span><b><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">:=</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> <<i>expression</i>>
</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="mso-cellspacing: 1.5pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody>
<tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;" valign="top">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><<i>procedure statement</i>>
</span><b><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">::=</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;" valign="top">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><<i>procedure identifier</i>>
</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="mso-cellspacing: 1.5pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody>
<tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;" valign="top">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><<i>procedure identifier</i>>
</span><b><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">::=</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;" valign="top">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><<i>identifier</i>> </span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="mso-cellspacing: 1.5pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody>
<tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;" valign="top">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><<i>read statement</i>> </span><b><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">::=</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;" valign="top">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">read</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> <b>(</b> <<i>input variable</i>> { <b>,</b> <<i>input
variable</i>> } <b>)</b> </span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="mso-cellspacing: 1.5pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody>
<tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;" valign="top">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><<i>input variable</i>> </span><b><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">::=</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;" valign="top">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><<i>variable</i>> </span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="mso-cellspacing: 1.5pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody>
<tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;" valign="top">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><<i>write statement</i>> </span><b><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">::=</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;" valign="top">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">write</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> <b>(</b> <<i>output value</i>> { <b>,</b> <<i>output
value</i>> } <b>)</b> </span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="mso-cellspacing: 1.5pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody>
<tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;" valign="top">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><<i>output value</i>> </span><b><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">::=</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;" valign="top">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><<i>expression</i>> </span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">
<hr align="center" size="2" width="100%" />
</span></div>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="mso-cellspacing: 1.5pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody>
<tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;" valign="top">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><<i>structured statement</i>>
</span><b><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">::=</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;" valign="top">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><<i>compound statement</i>>
| <<i>if statement</i>> | <br />
<<i>while statement</i>> </span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="mso-cellspacing: 1.5pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody>
<tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;" valign="top">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><<i>if statement</i>> </span><b><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">::=</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;" valign="top">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">if</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> <<i>expression</i>> <b>then</b> <<i>statement</i>>
| <br />
<b>if</b> <<i>expression</i>> <b>then</b> <<i>statement</i>> <b>else</b>
<<i>statement</i>> </span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="mso-cellspacing: 1.5pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody>
<tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;" valign="top">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><<i>while statement</i>> </span><b><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">::=</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;" valign="top">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">while</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> <<i>expression</i>> <b>do</b> <<i>statement</i>>
</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">
<hr align="center" size="2" width="100%" />
</span></div>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="mso-cellspacing: 1.5pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody>
<tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;" valign="top">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><<i>expression</i>> </span><b><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">::=</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;" valign="top">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><<i>simple expression</i>> |
<br />
<<i>simple expression</i>> <<i>relational operator</i>> <<i>simple
expression</i>> </span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="mso-cellspacing: 1.5pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody>
<tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;" valign="top">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><<i>simple expression</i>> </span><b><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">::=</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;" valign="top">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><<i>sign</i>> <<i>term</i>>
{ <<i>adding operator</i>> <<i>term</i>> } </span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="mso-cellspacing: 1.5pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody>
<tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;" valign="top">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><<i>term</i>> </span><b><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">::=</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;" valign="top">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><<i>factor</i>> { <<i>multiplying
operator</i>> <<i>factor</i>> } </span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="mso-cellspacing: 1.5pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody>
<tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;" valign="top">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><<i>factor</i>> </span><b><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">::=</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;" valign="top">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><<i>variable</i>> | <<i>constant</i>>
| <b>(</b> <<i>expression</i>> <b>)</b> | <b>not</b> <<i>factor</i>>
</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">
<hr align="center" size="2" width="100%" />
</span></div>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="mso-cellspacing: 1.5pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody>
<tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;" valign="top">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><<i>relational operator</i>>
</span><b><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">::=</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;" valign="top">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">=</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> | <b><></b> | <b><</b> | <b><=</b> | <b>>=</b>
| <b>></b> </span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="mso-cellspacing: 1.5pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody>
<tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;" valign="top">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><<i>sign</i>> </span><b><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">::=</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;" valign="top">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">+ | </span><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">-</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> | <<i>empty</i>> </span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="mso-cellspacing: 1.5pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody>
<tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;" valign="top">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><<i>adding operator</i>> </span><b><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">::=</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;" valign="top">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">+ | </span><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">-</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> | <b>or</b> </span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="mso-cellspacing: 1.5pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody>
<tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;" valign="top">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><<i>multiplying operator</i>>
</span><b><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">::=</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;" valign="top">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">*</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> | <b>div</b> | <b>and</b> </span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">
<hr align="center" size="2" width="100%" />
</span></div>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="mso-cellspacing: 1.5pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody>
<tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;" valign="top">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><<i>variable</i>> </span><b><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">::=</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;" valign="top">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><<i>entire variable</i>> |
<<i>indexed variable</i>> </span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="mso-cellspacing: 1.5pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody>
<tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;" valign="top">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><<i>indexed variable</i>> </span><b><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">::=</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;" valign="top">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><<i>array variable</i>> <b>[</b>
<<i>expression</i>> <b>]</b> </span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="mso-cellspacing: 1.5pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody>
<tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;" valign="top">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><<i>array variable</i>> </span><b><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">::=</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;" valign="top">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><<i>entire variable</i>> </span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="mso-cellspacing: 1.5pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody>
<tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;" valign="top">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><<i>entire variable</i>> </span><b><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">::=</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;" valign="top">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><<i>variable identifier</i>>
</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="mso-cellspacing: 1.5pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody>
<tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;" valign="top">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><<i>variable identifier</i>>
</span><b><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">::=</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;" valign="top">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><<i>identifier</i>> </span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">
<hr align="center" size="2" width="100%" />
</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Lexical grammar </span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">
<hr align="center" size="2" width="100%" />
</span></div>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="mso-cellspacing: 1.5pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody>
<tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;" valign="top">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><<i>constant</i>> </span><b><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">::=</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;" valign="top">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><<i>integer constant</i>> |
<<i>character constant</i>> | <<i>constant identifier</i>> </span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="mso-cellspacing: 1.5pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody>
<tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;" valign="top">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><<i>constant identifier</i>>
</span><b><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">::=</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;" valign="top">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><<i>identifier</i>> </span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="mso-cellspacing: 1.5pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody>
<tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;" valign="top">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><<i>identifier</i>> </span><b><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">::=</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;" valign="top">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><<i>letter</i>> { <<i>letter
or digit</i>> } </span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="mso-cellspacing: 1.5pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody>
<tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;" valign="top">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><<i>letter or digit</i>> </span><b><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">::=</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;" valign="top">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><<i>letter</i>> | <<i>digit</i>>
</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="mso-cellspacing: 1.5pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody>
<tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;" valign="top">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><<i>integer constant</i>> </span><b><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">::=</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;" valign="top">
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jujurhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05687765228352366156noreply@blogger.com0